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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic diversity among elite maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes adapted to North Western Himalayas(palampur, 2019-07-31) Jyoti; Jyoti; Lata, Swaran; Lata, SwaranThe present investigation entitled “Assessment of genetic diversity among elite maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes adapted to North Western Himalayas” was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity in maize genotypes using morpho-molecular markers and identification of potential genotypes for yield, its components and nutritional traits. The experimental material comprised of 40 maize genotypes along with four diverse checks. These genotypes were raised in alpha RBD design replicated twice during kharif 2018. Data were recorded on grain yield per plant and various morphometric traits along with reaction to prevalent diseases. Genetic diversity among different genotypes was studied on the basis of morphological traits using Mahalanobis D 2 -statistic and PCA. The analysis was done as per the standard statistical procedures and molecular analysis was done using NTSYS-pc (version 2.02) software. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the traits suggesting ample amount of variability among them. High PCV, GCV was observed for grain yield per plant with moderate h 2 bs and genetic advance indicated the presence of additive and non additive gene action which provided the scope for improvement through hybridization and selection. On the basis of D 2 analysis three genotypes viz., CML 435, CML 551 Y and CML 295BBB showed superiority over the best check for grain yield and its related traits and almost similar grouping pattern in SSR diversity analysis. Overall, it can be concluded that CML 334 and CML 452 was observed as best genotypes for yield, its related traits and also resistant to bacterial stalk rot whereas moderately resistant to banded leaf and sheath blight. So these potential genotypes can be used as donor parents after further evaluation in the future breeding programmeThesisItem Open Access Relative fertility frequency amongst first generation doubled haploids induced in bread and durum wheats following Zea mays and Imperata cylindrica- mediated chromosome elimination approach”(palampur, 2020-12-10) Katoch, Ajeta; Chaudhary, H.K.The research endeavour entitled “Relative fertility frequency amongst first generation doubled haploids induced in bread and durum wheats following Zea mays and Imperata cylindrica- mediated chromosome elimination approach” was executed in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV, Palampur during the years 2018-19 with the goal to determine the relative fertility frequency of the first generation doubled haploids in bread and durum wheats induced following maize and Imperata cylindrica- mediated doubled haploidy breeding approaches. The material for the present investigation comprised of sixteen bread wheat genotypes, seven durum wheat genotypes and three wheat × rye derivatives (BC1F3) which were utilized as female parents while Z. mays and I. cylindrica were used as pollen source. Hybridization programme was carried out with both the pollen sources to obtain haploid plantlets. These haploid plantlets were then subjected to colchicine treatment to obtain doubled haploids. Different haploid induction and doubled haploidy parameters like pseudoseed formation frequency, embryo formation frequency, haploid plant regeneration frequency, haploid formation frequency and doubled haploid formation frequency were recorded for all the genotypes. Each genotype showed differential response to callus formation, plant regeneration and haploid & doubled haploid formation. I. cylindrica outperformed maize for all the parameters in bread wheat, durum wheat and wheat × rye derivatives. A total of nineteen doubled haploid plants were formed in different wheat genotypes. Fifteen DHs were formed in bread wheat (twelve with I. cylindrica as pollen parent and three with maize as pollen parent) and four were formed in durum wheat (three with I. cylindrica as pollen parent and one with maize as pollen parent). The genetic origin of the uniparental elimination derived DHs is not always certain, therefore screening techniques are needed to validate fertility behaviour of DH plants in further generations. The first generation doubled haploids obtained were bagged with butter paper bag at head emergence stage to avoid the contamination with other pollen and the bagged spikes were harvested individually. The seed setting frequency of the DH plants was assessed and compared with each other and the parents. Amongst the DHs formed NDH1, NDH3, NDH6, NDH9, NDH12 and NDH 13 performed significantly better whereas no significant difference was observed when compared with the parents for seed setting frequency. The results showed that first generation doubled haploids are indeed true doubled haploids and can be used for various genetic and molecular studies.ThesisItem Open Access Combining ability and gene action studies for economic traits and disease resistance in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)(palampur, 2019-05-02) Sran, Ranjeet Singh; Satish PaulThe present investigation entitled “Combining ability and gene action studies for economic traits and disease resistance in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)” was undertaken to get the information on nature and magnitude of gene action, combining ability and heterosis and thereby identifying potential parents and cross combinations for seed yield, fibre yield and associated traits under variable environments that could support further improvements of linseed productivity using appropriate breeding methodology. Eight linseed varieties viz., Surbhi, Bhagsu, Nagarkot, T-397, Himani, Baner, JRF-4 and JRF-1 were hybridized following Griffing’s Method 2, Model 1 in a half diallel fashion. Experimental materials comprising of eight linseed varieties and 28 F1 progenies were evaluated in RBD with three replications during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur. Various cross combinations were also examined to study the genetics of resistance to powdery mildew and rust in linseed at Palampur and research station SAREC Kangra, respectively during the year 2017-18. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied during 2016-17, 2017- 18 and pooled over environments, suggesting prevalence of wide range of genetic variability. Variance due to environment in pooled analysis revealed significant differences for all the traits studied except seeds per capsule. Genotype × environment (G × E) interaction was significant for most of the traits except plant height and technical height indicated a definite role of environment on the performance of genotypes. Variances due to GCA, SCA and their interaction with environment were significant for most of the traits. For most of the traits, there was preponderance of non-additive gene action, under such situation diallel selective mating or biparental mating in early segregating generations followed by recurrent selection might be appropriate approach toward genetic improvement of these traits. Based on GCA, Nagarkot and Surbhi were found to be good general combiner for seed yield whereas, JRF-1 and JRF-4 for fibre yield. On the basis of SCA effect and heterosis, the cross combinations Surbhi × Baner, Himani × JRF-4 and Bhagsu × Nagarkot for seed yield and Nagarkot × Himani for fibre yield were found best in pooled over the environments. The segregation pattern of powdery mildew and rust disease indicated that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in cross combination T-397 × Nagarkot.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENE ACTION, COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN RICE FOR UPLAND CONDITION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-08-05) SHARMA, AKSHAY; Pandey, D.P.The present study was undertaken to estimate the nature and magnitude of gene action, combining ability and heterosis for yield and its component traits in rice using line × tester mating design. During Kharif, 2018, eleven lines of rice viz., HPR 2410, HPR 2652, HPR 2703, HPR 2842, HPR 2869, HPR 2874, HPR 2876, HPR 2881, HPR 2883, LGP 26 and LGP 123 were crossed with three testers viz., HPR 1156, HPR 2656 and HPR 2795. These thirty-three crosses along with their parents were evaluated in RBD during Kharif, 2019 at the Experimental Farm of R&WRC, Malan. Analysis of variance for line × tester mating design with respect to parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses revealed significant differences for all the traits studied except days to 50% flowering, total tillers/plant, grain breadth and L: B ratio. Magnitude of additive genetic variance (σ2A) was found to be higher than dominant genetic variance (σ2D) for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, grain length, grain breadth and L: B ratio, whereas, magnitude of dominant genetic variance (σ2D) was found to be higher for plant height, panicle length, total tillers/plant, effective tillers/plant, spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle, spikelet fertility, grain yield/plant and 1000-grain weight. Heritability (narrow-sense) was low (< 50%) for all the traits, although the highest narrowsense heritability was observed for the days to maturity (34.78%) followed by spikelets/panicle (27.33%) and spikelet fertility (26.38%). Genetic advance was highest for grain length (99.43%) followed by days to 50% flowering (92.68%), panicle length (76.47%) and plant height (73.10%). The line, HPR 2410 is good general combiner for days to maturity, plant height, grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight, HPR 2703 is good general combiner for plant height, panicle length, total tillers/plant, effective tillers/plant, spikelets/panicle and grain yield/plant, HPR 2842 is good general combiner for days to maturity, grains/panicle, spikelet fertility, grain length and L: B ratio, HPR 2869 is good general combiner for plant height, panicle length, spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle and grain yield/plant, HPR 2876 is good general combiner for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle length and grain length, and LGP 26 is good general combiner for days to maturity, total tillers/plant, effective tillers/plant, grain yield/plant, 1000-grain weight, grain length and grain breadth. The cross, HPR 2881 × HPR 2656 is good specific combination for plant height, panicle length, spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle and the cross HPR 2652 × HPR 2656 is good specific combination for days to maturity, total tillers/plant, effective tillers/plant, spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle, grain yield/plant and the cross HPR 2869 × HPR 1156 is good specific combination for days to 50% flowering and L: B ratio. The cross LGP 26 × HPR 1156 is good specific combination for spikelets/panicle, grain yield/plant, 1000-grain weight and grain breadth. The cross HPR 2876 × HPR 2656 is good specific combination for spikelet fertility and grain length. Cross combinations LGP 26 × HPR 1156 followed by HPR 2703 × HPR 2795, HPR 2652 × HPR 2656, HPR 2881 × HPR 2656, HPR 2876 × HPR 1156 and HPR 2869 × HPR 2656 exhibited highest heterosis over standard check for grain yield/plant. All the genotypes/cross combinations seemed to be highly resistant or resistant to leaf blast and neck blast under natural conditions during the crop season.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic studies in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under moisture - stress conditions(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020) KUMARI, SHWETA; Rana, VijayThe present investigation entitled “Genetic studies in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under moisture - stress conditions” was undertaken during rabi 2018-19 at Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan with the objectives to study genetic parameters for moisture-stress tolerance and yield attributes in wheat and also the inter-relationships among agro-morphological and biomass accumulation traits. The experimental material comprised of thirty five diverse genotypes and data were recorded on the traits, namely, grain yield per plant (g), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), flag leaf area (cm²), plant height (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, days to 75 per cent maturity, biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), stem reserve mobilization (%); drought susceptibility index and drought response index under field conditions. Root length (cm), coleoptile length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling vigour index and seedling survival after desiccation were recorded only under controlled conditions at seedling stage. Analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the traits studied under field and controlled conditions, which indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability amongst genotypes for these traits. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for biomass at anthesis both under non-stress and moisture-stress conditions indicating importance of this trait for selection. Flag leaf area under E1 and E2 and biomass at tillering under E1 exhibited high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance, indicating moderate expected genetic gain through selection under environments. Based on correlation coefficient and path analysis, biomass at maturity and harvest index emerged to be the important selection criteria under both non-stress and moisture-stress conditions because they had a high direct effect and indirect effect by other traits on grain yield. However, grains per spike, flag leaf area, stem reserve mobilization and days to flowering also appeared to be the important traits based on significant correlations and indirect contributions towards grain yield under moisture-stress conditions. Among the seedling traits, shoot length and coleoptile length showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance, indicating high genetic response to selection. Whereas, root length and seedling vigor index showed high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance, indicating moderate response to selection. Root length and seedling survival after desiccation showed significant positive correlation with drought response index and grain yield under moisture-stress conditions, implying thereby that selection for these traits may be fruitful to select high yielding genotypes. Ranking of the genotypes based on DRI and DSI under field and controlled conditions indicated that drought tolerance of ‘JW 3020’ was most tolerant followed by HPW 318, IC 594377, UP 2526, Tarmori, HPW 89, HPW 314, WH 1080 and Desi Mundla. These genotypes may be used in hybridisation programme for development of drought tolerance genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Introgression of Cercospora leaf spot resistance into urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) employing various hybridization strategies by involving V. radiata, V. umbellata and V. angularis(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-20) SHARMA, SHAILJA; Mital, Raj KumarThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETICS OF COLD STRESS TOLERANCE AND TRANSFERABILITY OF MARKERS FROM RELATED LEGUMES TO CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-27) THAKUR, SANCHIT; Jai DevThe present investigation entitled “Studies on genetics of cold stress tolerance and transferability of markers from related legumes to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was undertaken at experimental farm of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur as well as at Mountain Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (MAREC), Sangla (off season). In the present study, the cold stress tolerant germplasm line ‘ICC16349’ was selected as a donor whereas, the cold susceptible parent ‘GPF2’ was used as recipient in hybridization. Crosses between germplasm lines ‘ICC16349’ and variety ‘GPF2’ of chickpea were attempted and resulting hybrids were screened for parental polymorphism using 51 SSR markers of which only one i.e TA180 showed parental polymorphism. Out of 80 F1 putative hybrids screened, only 34 were true hybrids. F1 generation was advanced to get F2 seed. F2 plants were phenotyped and morphological data were recorded. Days to germination, plant height and number of leaves gave good estimate of early plant vigour and data showed clear segregation of F2 plants into vigorous and non-vigorous plants. Chi-square test was applied which revealed that late flowering was governed by single dominant gene. Pod initiation followed a complex pattern of inheritance involving polygenes. Studies on transferability of SSR markers from related legumes to chickpea revealed that lentil SSR primers had highest transferability (36.36%) to chickpea followed by pea SSR primers (18.18%) and horsegram SSR primers (14.89%), respectively. Percent polymorphism was also found to be highest for lentil SSR primers (10.61%) followed by horsegram SSR primers (4.25%) and pea SSR primers (3.79%), respectively. In the present study, 62 new SSR markers were added to chickpea SSR primer pool from three legumes. The new SSR markers are expected to contribute to molecular breeding, germplasm characterization, diversity analysis, gene mapping and comparative genomic studies in chickpea.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN F2 AND F3 GENERATIONS OF URDBEAN [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper](CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-09-29) SOOD, RHITISHA; Mittal, Raj KumarThesisItem Open Access Gene action and combining ability analysis for seed yield and its component traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-05) RONIKA; Paul, SatishThe present investigation entitled “Gene action and combining ability analysis for seed yield and its component traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)” was undertaken in Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSKHPKV, Palampur during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 with the objectives to study nature and magnitude of gene action, combining ability and heterosis to identify potential parents and crosses for yield and important traits in linseed. The evaluation was done using fifteen lines and three well adapted genotypes as testers in a line × tester mating design. From these parental lines, 45 crosses were developed during rabi 2018-19. In rabi 2019-20 a total of 63 entries (18 parents + 45 F1‟s) were evaluated for seed yield and its component traits. The non-additive gene action played significant role in the inheritance of seed yield and its component traits in linseed. The study revealed higher magnitude of SCA variances over GCA variances. On the basis of combining ability studies the lines KL-310, KL-316 and K 1 Raja were the best general combiners for most of the yield related traits and KL-308 was good general combiner for seed yield and its component traits. Cross KL-312 × K 1 Raja exhibited high SCA value for seed yield and crosses KL-313 × JRF-4 and KL-308 × K 1 Raja were found promising for most of yield contributing traits based on per se performance, SCA effects and magnitude of heterosis. The highest value for heterobeltiosis and heterosis over standard check were observed for KL-308 × JRF-4 and KL-313 × Nagarkot, respectively.
