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Subject: Environmental Science × Start date: 2019 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of local environmental conditions on the growth of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides spp. mongolica) varieties in Lahaul valley, Himachal Pradesh (HP)
    (palampur, 2019-07-22) Samimi, Hazrat Mohammad; Singh, Virendra
    Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.), locally known as Chharma, belonging to the family Elaeagnaceae, is a multipurpose plant naturally grows in high altitude cold deserts of Himachal Pradesh. Fruit and leaves of seabuckthorn are quite rich in vitamins, antioxidants, sterols and polyphenols etc., which have application in development of variety of health food, cosmetics and medicines. In order to meet increasing demand of seabuckthorn raw material in industries, there is a need to carry out massive cultivation of improved seabuckthorn. Local improved forms of seabuckthorn could not be domesticated by farmers due to presence of thorns, small fruit size, lower fruit harvesting yield and low fruit yield. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation and growth of five Russian seabuckthorn (H. rhamnoides spp. mongolica) varieties, which are globally introduced, after two years of growth at university Seabuckthorn Research Farm situated at Kukumseri (2750 m asl) and in the farmers’ fields in cluster of villages at higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl) in Lahaul, Lahaul-Spiti, a cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh. Seabuckthorn varieties were planted at a spacing of 3 m x 1.25 m spacing. There were total 11 treatments (5 Russian seabuckthorn varieties at two altitudes and a local selection of seabuckthorn “Drilbu” as a control). The Russian varieties showed higher survival rates at lower altitude at university farm (82-74%) than exotics growing higher altitude (54-20%), showing there was a significantly (P<0.05) lesser survival of seabuckthorn varieties at higher altitude under extreme climatic condition and unusual heavy snowfall during September month of 2018. NX1 and NX6 showed higher survival rates than other varieties. At lower altitude, LNX-6 showed the maximum height of 107 cm, followed by LNX-3 (103 cm). There was a significantly (P<0.05) decline in height of same varieties raised at higher altitude. Similar trends were observed in case of stem girth. At lower altitude, the maximum canopy spread in east direction was observed in LNX3 (34.1 cm), which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other forms. The canopy spread declined significantly (P<0.05) in varieties from lower altitude (34.1-19.0 cm) to higher altitude (23.3-18.8 cm). Similar trends were observed in plant canopy spread in south direction. LNX-2 showed the maximum canopy spread of 24.2 cm, followed by LNX1 (22.2 cm) and others. The maximum leaf length was observed in LNX-1 (5.7 cm), followed by LNX-3 (5.5 cm) and others. The leaf length of exotics significantly (P<0.05) decreased at higher altitude. It was maximum of 5.2 cm in HNX3, significantly (P<0.05) higher than other varieties. The similar trends were observed in case of leaf width parameter. Growth parameters in seabuckthorn exotics were observed better at lower altitude (2750 m asl) than higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl). After 2 years of growth under field conditions, over all, seabuckthorn exotics NX1 and NX6 have shown promising results of high rates of survival and growth of the plants, an indication of performance of the varieties. There was no occurrence of thorns in any of the varieties. However, further studies are required to ascertain the best and most promising Russian seabuckthorn varieties, particularly under fruiting stage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN TOONA BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF KANGRA VALLEY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2019) Mehta, Manshi; Uppal, Rajesh
    The present investigation entitled “Carbon Sequestration in Toona based Agroforestry System of Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken during the year 2018-19 at different locations of Palampur. Phytosociological exercises were undertaken for determining the Importance value Index (IVI) along with the species diversity in the selected quadrates. It was found that the most frequently occurring species were Toona ciliata, Albizia chinensis and Melia azaderach with maximum IVI value of 130.2, 97.3 and 46.7 in the unmanaged system and 170.6, 131.5 and 60.4 in the managed system. All the tree components, tea bushes, shrubs and grasses were taken for biomass estimation and biomass was calculated by the non-destructive method. Bulk density was higher in managed system (1.06 g cm-2) and it was found that bulk density increased with the increase in the soil depth. Soil organic carbon was calculated higher under unmanaged system (2.43%) in comparison to managed system (1.89%). The total carbon stock i.e. (plant + soil) was higher in unmanaged system (100.02 t ha-1). It was concluded from the studies that carbon assimilation in the form of biomass is at its best when the agroforestry systems are kept managed, on the other hand the organic carbon in the soil assimilates well when the system is unmanaged.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE GROWTH OF SEABUCKTHORN (Hippophae rhamnoides spp. mongolica) VARIETIES IN LAHAUL VALLEY, HIMACHAL PRADESH.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-22) Samimi, Hazrat Mohammad; Singh, Virendra
    Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.), locally known as Chharma, belonging to the family Elaeagnaceae, is a multipurpose plant naturally grows in high altitude cold deserts of Himachal Pradesh. Fruit and leaves of seabuckthorn are quite rich in vitamins, antioxidants, sterols and polyphenols etc., which have application in development of variety of health food, cosmetics and medicines. In order to meet increasing demand of seabuckthorn raw material in industries, there is a need to carry out massive cultivation of improved seabuckthorn. Local improved forms of seabuckthorn could not be domesticated by farmers due to presence of thorns, small fruit size, lower fruit harvesting yield and low fruit yield. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation and growth of five Russian seabuckthorn (H. rhamnoides spp. mongolica) varieties, which are globally introduced, after two years of growth at university Seabuckthorn Research Farm situated at Kukumseri (2750 m asl) and in the farmers’ fields in cluster of villages at higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl) in Lahaul, Lahaul-Spiti, a cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh. Seabuckthorn varieties were planted at a spacing of 3 m x 1.25 m spacing. There were total 11 treatments (5 Russian seabuckthorn varieties at two altitudes and a local selection of seabuckthorn “Drilbu” as a control). The Russian varieties showed higher survival rates at lower altitude at university farm (82-74%) than exotics growing higher altitude (54-20%), showing there was a significantly (P<0.05) lesser survival of seabuckthorn varieties at higher altitude under extreme climatic condition and unusual heavy snowfall during September month of 2018. NX1 and NX6 showed higher survival rates than other varieties. At lower altitude, LNX-6 showed the maximum height of 107 cm, followed by LNX-3 (103 cm). There was a significantly (P<0.05) decline in height of same varieties raised at higher altitude. Similar trends were observed in case of stem girth. At lower altitude, the maximum canopy spread in east direction was observed in LNX3 (34.1 cm), which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other forms. The canopy spread declined significantly (P<0.05) in varieties from lower altitude (34.1-19.0 cm) to higher altitude (23.3-18.8 cm). Similar trends were observed in plant canopy spread in south direction. LNX-2 showed the maximum canopy spread of 24.2 cm, followed by LNX1 (22.2 cm) and others. The maximum leaf length was observed in LNX-1 (5.7 cm), followed by LNX-3 (5.5 cm) and others. The leaf length of exotics significantly (P<0.05) decreased at higher altitude. It was maximum of 5.2 cm in HNX3, significantly (P<0.05) higher than other varieties. The similar trends were observed in case of leaf width parameter. Growth parameters in seabuckthorn exotics were observed better at lower altitude (2750 m asl) than higher altitude (3200-3300 m asl). After 2 years of growth under field conditions, over all, seabuckthorn exotics NX1 and NX6 have shown promising results of high rates of survival and growth of the plants, an indication of performance of the varieties. There was no occurrence of thorns in any of the varieties. However, further studies are required to ascertain the best and most promising Russian seabuckthorn varieties, particularly under fruiting stage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS OF DISTRICT KANGRA, HIMACHAL PRADESH.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Walia, Dishu; Chauhan, Ramesh C.
    The present investigation was carried out to assess the chemical composition of precipitation in different environments of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh during summer and winter season. The chemical composition of precipitation has often been used to typify atmospheric quality around a sampling area. The physico - chemical characteristics and heavy metals were recorded and estimated at five different study sites. The rain water samples were collected on event basis during summer and winter season of 2018. The physico – chemical characteristics and heavy metals of precipitation were estimated pH, electrical conductivity, TS, TDS, TSS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ using standard procedures. All the physico – chemical and heavy metal parameters were found below the desirable limit as per BIS. The main sources of pollution at and around the bus stands were atmospheric dust particles, incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, infrastructural developmental activities and automobile exhaust, while at the rural location main sources were biomass burning and decomposition. The concentrations of various parameters were recorded higher during winter season rather than summer season at all the sites. The majority of physico – chemical characteristics showed significant relationships among themselves and with heavy metals. The extent of pollution in the study sites followed the trend: Kangra bus stand > Nagrota Bagwan bus stand > Palampur bus stand > Dharamshala bus stand > Rural location. The rural location being less susceptible to anthropogenic activities, were least polluted.