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Subject: Entomology × Author: Goswamy, Yashasvini × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physico-chemical characterization of hill honey
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2022-12-21) Goswamy, Yashasvini; Sharma, Surender Kumar
    The present investigation was carried out at Bee Research Station, Nagrota Bagwan of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, during the year 2021-2022. In this study, sixty samples of honey were analyzed for various physico-chemical characteristics viz., pH, moisture, colour (optical density), ash content, EC, sucrose, TRS, fructose, glucose, F:G ratio, acidity, diastase activity and HMF content. The physico-chemical characteristics of honey from different locations ranged between 3.85±0.16 to 5.63±0.01 for pH, 15.57±0.08 to 25.94±0.10 per cent for moisture, 0.06±0.01 to 0.28±0.03 g/5g for ash content, 0.21±0.01 to 1.13±0.01 mS/cm for EC, 0.42±0.01 to 1.65±0.27 for optical density, 3.20±0.08 to 4.66±0.04 per cent for sucrose, 34.65±0.09 to 42.06±0.24 meq/kg for acidity, 66.95±0.62 to 70.79±0.55 per cent for TRS, 28.71±0.50 to 31.45±0.50 per cent for glucose, 36.88±0.61 to 42.26±0.10 per cent for fructose, 1.19±0.03 to 1.47±0.02 for F:G ratio, 14.00±0.54 to 17.50±0.24 DN for diastase activity and 16.33±0.66 to 20.90±1.09 mg/kg for HMF content. Among the bee species, the highest pH (5.19±0.08), sucrose (4.59±0.07%) and HMF content (20.62±0.61 mg/kg) were recorded in the honey of Apis cerana whereas higher ash content (0.23±0.01 g/5g), acidity (39.27±0.61 meq/kg), total reducing sugars (67.37±0.55%) and glucose (31.90±1.43%) were observed in the honey of Apis mellifera. The highest moisture (25.93±0.11%), electrical conductivity (0.72±0.06 mS/cm), fructose (39.07±0.44%), F:G ratio (1.40±0.02), diastase activity (17.28±0.33 DN) and optical density (1.42±0.09) were recorded in the honey of Apis dorsata. During storage, the moisture content, optical density, sucrose, acidity, glucose and HMF content increased whereas pH, TRS, fructose, F:G ratio and diastase activity decreased. Storage of honey at room temperature for six months resulted in granulation of twenty-one honey samples and fermentation in one honey sample. The physical and chemical characteristics of almost all the hill honey samples were within acceptable limits and met FSSAI criteria.