Thumbnail Image

Theses

Browse

2011 - 201914
Reset filters
Subject: Biochemistry × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 14
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ORGANICALLY GROWN WHEAT GENOTYPES
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Sunidhi; Sharma, Neelam
    In the present investigation entitled “Biochemical evaluation of organically grown wheat genotypes” the grains of twenty-four selected genotypes of wheat each for organically and inorganically grown were evaluated for biochemical attributes of dietary significance and nutritional aspects. Statistically significant variations in wheat genotypes grown under organic production system were observed in moisture content (11.06 to 13.08%), ash (1.12 to 2.26%), crude protein (8.27 to 12.88%), fat content (1.15 to 3.27%), crude fibre content (1.02 to 2.4%), carbohydrates (69.06 to 74.40%), total soluble protein (0.33 to 0.68 mg/100g), lysine content (0.17 to 0.31 mg/100g) and in vitro protein digestibility (64.29 to 79.58%). Genotypes grown under inorganic production system varied significantly in moisture content (11.16 to 14.54 %), ash (1.15 to 2.27 %), crude protein (8.54 to 12.07%), fat (1.15 to 3.03%), crude fibre (1.2 to 2.8%), carbohydrates (67.74 to 75.12%), total soluble protein (0.48 to 0.66 mg/100g), lysine content (0.26 to 0.37 mg/100g) and in vitro protein digestibility (62.44 to 79.95%). The range of variation for minerals in organically grown wheat genotypes, viz., sodium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese were found to be in order of 25.75-40 mg/100g, 0.28-0.69 mg/100g, 6.24-6.63 mg/100g, 2.67-6.97 mg/100g and 1.02-1.84 mg/100g respectively. The trend in inorganically grown wheat genotypes for variability in sodium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese was found to be 28.55-44.25 mg/100g, 0.33-0.50 mg/100g, 6.24-6.37 mg/100g, 1.54-5.80 mg/100g and 1.23-1.99 mg/100g respectively. Amongst the organically grown wheat genotypes, the highest value was observed in HPW-972 for crude protein and ash; in HPW-973 for crude fat; in KANKU for carbohydrates; PW-1054 for in vitro protein digestibility. In case of inorganically grown wheat genotypes, highest value was observed in HPWO-4 for protein; in HPW-972 and HPW-155 for fat; in ML-1099 for carbohydrates; in PW-1054 for in vitro protein digestibility and ash. The information obtained from this study has been used for carrying out the cumulative grading of genotypes both grown under organic and inorganic production system for nutritionally desirable characters. On grading genotypes grown under different systems together, inorganically grown AB-1 genotype ranked first and organically grown genotype HPW-980 ranked second.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF Chenopodium ambrosioides GROWN IN KANGRA VALLEY.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Sharma, Shivani; Singh, Nageswer
    In the present investigation entitled “Nutritional Status of Chenopodium ambrosioides grown in Kangra Valley” the leaf samples of Chenopodium ambrosioides collected from twelve locations of Kangra valley were evaluated for various biochemical and phytochemical constituents of quality significance. Significant variation in biochemical constituents among various Chenopodium ambrosioides collections was observed i.e. moisture (26.01 to 36.64 per cent), total ash (15.01 to 19.15 per cent), crude protein (23.18 to 31.20 per cent), crude fat (2.73 to 6.89 per cent), crude fibre (9.01 to 10.69 per cent), total carbohydrate (4.95 to 13.68 per cent), sodium (227.50 to 315.00 mg/100g), calcium (912.50 to 1025.00 mg/100g), potassium (982.50 to 1086.67 mg/100g), iron (0.64 to 0.69 mg/100g), zinc (0.11 to 0.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.05 to 0.11 mg/100g) and copper (0.13 to 0.45 mg/100g). Phytochemical constituents also showed considerable variation in the total phenols (326.33 to 489.56 mg/100g), tannins (75.16 to 195.06 mg/100g), total chlorophyll (0.87 to 1.68 mg/g), carotenoids (13.33 to 23.87 µg/g), ascorbic acid (7.25 to 17.29 mg/100g), PPO (polyphenol oxidase) activity (0.045 to 0.092 ΔOD/min), and antioxidant activity (4.53 to 9.18 µg/ml). Multi-purpose/versatile collections were identified based on cumulative rating as Dehra, Harchkiyan, Jaswan, Palampur and Daroh followed by Thural for proximate composition, mineral content and phytochemical constituents excelling in that order of preference.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN PROMISING SOYBEAN (Glycine max) GENOTYPES DEVELOPED IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-03-08) Devi, Ushma; Mohini, K.
    The mature seeds of ten soybean genotypes were evaluated for biochemical constituents by following standard procedures. Significant statistical differences were observed for the biochemical constituents in the soybean genotypes. Variations were observed in the content of 100 seed weight (11.98 to 20.41g) moisture content (3.59 to 7.25 per cent), crude protein (34.84 to 41.17 per cent), fat (15.63 to 19.82 per cent), ash (4.04 to 5.70 per cent), crude fibre (2.44 to 4.66 per cent), carbohydrates (26.71 to 33.76 per cent), total phenols (287.55 to 626.00 mg/100g), total tannins (95.17 to 282.78 mg/100g) and in vitro protein digestibility (47.02 to 57.59 per cent). Amongst the genotypes studied the highest value was observed in Hara Soya for protein, ash and in vitro protein digestibility; in Himso 1685 for fat; in P50-2-1 for fibre; P12-2-1 in carbohydrate whereas lowest level of phenols and tannins was observed in P50-2-1 and P2-2-1, respectively. The various mineral elements estimated in the soybean genotypes showed significant differences for calcium (252.40 to 480.33 mg/100g), potassium (701.67 to 861.67 mg/100g), magnesium (89.69 to 100.7 mg/100g), nitrogen (5.95 to 7.21 mg/100g), iron (5.73 to 9.07 mg/100g), sodium (8.74 to 15.28 mg/100g)and zinc (1.05 to 1.93 mg/100g). The highest content was observed in Hara Soya for calcium, nitrogen, iron and magnesium. P2-1 for potassium, Palam Early Soya1 for sodium and P4-1 for zinc. The results from this study were utilized for carrying out the cumulative grading based on desirable quality parameters for identifying the best genotypes given below in the descending order:P41/P50-2-1 > Hara Soya > Himso 1685 > P2-2-1 > Palam Early Soya1 > P145-1-1 > P12-2-1 > P2-1 > P60- 2-1. The potentially superior genotypes i.e. P41 & P50-2-1 ranking first, followed by Hara Soya and Himso 1685 thus identified can be used for further developmental research by the plant breeder and cultivation on a large scale by the farmer of H.P and others. The information regarding the identification of bestgenotypes for nutritionally important individual quality parameter will prove beneficial for the consumers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SILENCING OF F-BOX KELCH GENE FOR VIRUS RESISTANCE STUDIES IN MODEL PLANT NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019) Garg, Shivanshu; Singh, Nageswer
    In the present investigation entitled ―Silencing of F-Box kelch gene for virus resistance studies in model plant Nicotiana benthamiana‖, construct has been prepared for generating the silent lines of the mentioned plant. F-Box kelch is an important protein that associates with the viral proteins and that the protein is an important factor that helps in the establishment of viral infection. A conserved portion of the gene was amplified in sense and antisense orientation and in a sequential manner it was cloned into the silencing vector pSAT4. The construct development was ascertained with the help of restriction digestion and sequence determination. The construct is ready to be transformed into plants. For the biochemical analysis, purified Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was inoculated at their 3-4 leaf stage and infection was confined by symptom development. Both infected and healthy plants were subjected to biochemical analysis of the phenolic compounds (total phenols, simple phenols, Ortho-dihydric phenols and bound phenols), alkaloids and total chlorophyll and carotenoids. It was observed that the total phenol content was increased in the infected plant in comparison to the healthy leaves. However, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were reduced in infected plants as compared to healthy leaves. This is expected as virus infection leads to loss of chlorophyll as reflected by mosaic symptoms that the virus produces.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF LECTINS FROM VIGNA SPECIES
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2015-07-13) Tripathi, Ankur; Katoch, Rajan
    In the present investigation, seeds of five Vigna species were investigated for hemagglutinating activity against human and rabbit erythrocytes. The seed extracts of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata showed agglutination activity with human as well as rabbit erythrocytes, whereas Vigna unguiculata, Vigna umbellata and Vigna angularis exhibited agglutination only with trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes. Among the various tested sugars, agglutination activity was best inhibited by D-galactose. Vigna radiata extract exhibited a higher level of agglutination with rabbit erythrocytes and was selected for isolation and purification of lectin. Lectin was purified by employing a protocol that entailed ion exchange, gel filtration and affinity chromatography with 192.47 fold purification and 73.14 (HU/mg) specific activity. Under reducing conditions purified lectin was found to be a monomer with 25.0kDa molecular weight. Maximum agglutination activity of purified lectin was observed at pH 5.0 with (98%) stability and maintained steadily between pH 6-9. Maximum agglutination activity was observed at 370C (68.76%) and minimum at 650C where agglutination activity was completely lost. Agglutination activity was readily inhibited by D-galactose at 3.12mM. Lectins, due to various biological properties have a potential in pest control and plant defense. Their high level expression can confer resistance to a wide range of insects and could be exploited for crop improvement.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE LIGNIN BIOSYNTHETIC GENE OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-01-05) Sood, Surbhi; Katoch, Rajan
    Tall fescue is one of the important forage crops of Himalayan region. The crop holds remarkable potential for high biomass production, but the poor palatability limits its efficient utilization in livestock feeding. Lignin is a major contributing factor responsible for low palatability and digestibility of Tall fescue. The present investigation entitled “Studies on the lignin biosynthetic gene of Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was carried out to clone and partially sequence the gene encoding Cinnamoyl-CoA-reductase (CCR) responsible for the catalyzation of the step committed to monolignol biosynthesis. Four Tall fescue varieties viz., Hima-1, Hima-4, Hima-5 and EC-178182 were evaluated for nutritional composition and digestibility. The grading of Tall fescue varieties revealed nutritional superiority of variety EC-178182 over others with 12.81 per cent CP, 8.01 per cent ash, 13.34 per cent total carbohydrates, low tannins (0.39%) and oxalates (1.26%) but with high lignin content (7.50%). The molecular study for gene cloning was carried out in variety EC-178182. An amplicon of approximately 207 bp of CCR gene was cloned and sequenced. The sequence analysis (BLASTn) revealed 96 per cent similarity of isolated gene fragment with perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne). In phylogenetic analysis, Tall fescue and ryegrass showed a very close evolutionary relationship by sharing same sub branch of monocotyledons clade. The sequencing of gene involved in lignin biosynthesis including CCR in Tall fescue would be helpful in designing strategies for altering the level of lignin in major forage species with advanced metabolic engineering approaches.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF QUALITY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF STOVER FROM MAIZE (Zea mays) GENOTYPES GROWN IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-01-05) Apoorva; Katoch, Rajan
    In the present investigation, stover from 24 maize genotypes was evaluated for their nutritive value. Different treatments (physical, chemical and biological) were investigated for their effect on nutritional quality and digestibility. The crude protein content of maize stover revealed variations ranging from 7.00 to 9.80 per cent. The NDF content varied from 67.20 to 74.80 per cent. The ADL, silica and total phenolic content in stover of maize genotypes ranged from 3.70 to 7.20 per cent, 1.30 to 3.40 per cent and 9.12 to 12.58 mg/g, respectively. The IVDMD of maize stover varied from 52.10 to 59.40 per cent. Hot water treatment revealed decrease in NDF (6.88% in PMG-93-2), ADL (31.75% in PMG-14), silica (34.62% in Palam Shankar Makka) and total phenolic (40.41% in PMG-62) content, whereas there was increase in IVDMD (10.28% in PMG-93-1). Urea treatment increased CP content with highest increase of 47.61 per cent (PMG-49). All the chemical treatments resulted decrease in fibre content. Urea treatment resulted in maximum decrease in NDF (14.76% in PMG-18) and ADF (8.82% in PMG-93-1) content. Highest reduction in ADL content was observed after NaCl treatment in Palam Shankar Makka (58.33%). Calcium hydroxide treatment resulted increase in total carbohydrate content in genotype PMG-52-1. Aqueous ammonia, alkali and sodium chloride treatments exhibited increase in ash content with highest increment of 61.11% in PMG-49. NaOH treatment resulted in maximum reduction of silica content. The maximum reduction in total phenolic and total tannin contents was observed in PMZ-4 (72.27%) with sodium hydroxide and PMG-14 (76.28%) with aqueous ammonia treatment, respectively. IVDMD exhibited highest increase in PMG-3 (33.21%) with urea treatment. Among biological treatment, the highest increase in CP and IVDMD content was observed in genotypes PMG-49 (78.64%) and PMG-3 (32.82%) with T. harzianum treatment. The reduction in NDF, ADF and ADL content of maize stover was observed after treatment with T. harzianum, P. fluorescens and T. viride in genotypes PMG-93-2 (6.46%), PMG-18 (27.34%) and PMG-52-1 (58.33%). The study revealed that treatment with T. viride and P. fluorescens were useful for improving the nutritive value and digestibility of maize stover. All the treatments exhibited variable effects on nutritive quality and digestibility of maize stover. Among different genotypes studied, the best response to the treatments was observed in Palam Shankar Makka.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF NATIVE CATTLE AND GOATS MILK THESIS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-27) Sharma, Vinesh; Mal, Gorakh
    The present investigation entitled “Bioactive Potential of Native Cattle and Goats Milk” was undertaken to study the effects of various thermal treatments on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of milk and its protein fractions of indigenous cattle, Jersey cross-bred cattle, local goat and Gaddi goat. The Total phenolic content (TPC) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Gaddi goat raw milk. Thermal processing significantly (p<0.05) increased TPC in boiled milk of indigenous and Jersey cross-bred cattle. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in local goat raw milk. DPPH inhibition was higher in indigenous cattle milk and its fractions. Thermally treated milk revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher DPPH inhibition in indigenous cattle. Antimicrobial activity was detected only in indigenous cattle milk and its whey fractions against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and was increased after thermal treatment. Analysis of milk protein profile by SDS-PAGE revealed that higher molecular weight whey proteins denatured during boiling in all milk types. Casein protein fractions were more heat resistant as compared to whey protein fractions in all milk types. Higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were present in local goat milk followed by indigenous cattle, and Jersey cross-bred cattle. It is inferred that thermal processing led to increase total phenol, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities in indigenous cattle milk.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, INTERACTION AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF GLYCERALDEHYDE 3- PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPDH) IN CUCUMIS SATIVUS INFECTED WITH CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-18) Reetranjan; Singh, Nageswer
    In the present investigation entitled “Phytochemical properties, interaction and expression analysis of Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in Cucumis sativus infected with Cucumber mosaic virus” is focused on the effect of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) on phytochemical constituents in the leaf samples of three cultivars of C.sativusviz.Summer Green, Green Star and Green Long along with interaction and expression analysis of different forms of GAPDH. Phytochemical properties viz. total phenols; antioxidant activity and PPO activity have higher values in infected leaf samples whereas total chlorophyll and carotenoids had lower values in infected leaves. The inoculated cultivars had lower potassium content; however sodium content had no uniform trend in the infected leaf samples.Protein- protein interaction analysis by yeast two hybrid system revealed that GAP C is one of the host proteins which interacts with the movement protein of CMV thereby,one of the reason to be playing role in virus movement from one cell to another.Expression studies of GAPDH forms (GAP A; GAP B and GAP C) in CMV infected cultivars varied at 0,3,5,7 and 14 dpi andit was in accordance with the resistant and susceptible nature of the cultivar. The plant is either using its defense mechanism or the host proteins are being utilized by the virus for its propagation through upregulation or downregulation of the GAPDH as observed in expression analysis investigation.