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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS OF BOVINE DYSTOCIA IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2012) Khan, Shama; Singh, MadhumeetThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON DURATION OF POSTPARTUM ANESTRUS OF COWS IN H.P.(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2012-07) Ranaut singh, Nishant Deep; Kumar, NavneetABSTRACT The present study was conducted on postpartum cows (n=340) belonging to farmers of districts Kangra and Hamirpur of H.P. The cows exhibiting estrus within 90 days postpartum were categorized as control (n=95) and rest (n=245) were categorized in to different groups depending upon duration of postpartum anestrus i.e. 3-6 m (n=84), 6-9 m (n=88) and 9m and above (>9m; n=73). The data recorded from the farmers regarding managemental practices viz. duration of postpartum anestrus, amount of concentrate feed provided per day, average milk yield per day, sex of calf born during recent calving, males housed along with cows, duration of suckling postpartum, deworming status, feeding practice and supplementation of mineral mixture and salt was analysed. The random blood samples of control (n=12) and anestrus (n=50) cows were collected for haematological, macro and micro minerals, biochemicals and hormonal estimations. Only 27.94 per cent cows had exhibited estrus behaviour within 90 days postpartum whereas 24.71, 25.88 and 21.47 per cent animals remained anestrus for 3-6m, 6-9 m and >9 m respectively, under rural managemental condition of Himachal Pradesh. Lesser quantity of concentrate ration and mineral mixture was provided to anestrus cows as compared to control ones, whereas salt was supplemented to all cows irrespective of anestrus duration. The BCS of control (2.77±0.02) and anestrus group (2.68±0.02) cows was comparable. No difference was recorded in per day milk yield. The practice of suckling influenced the anestrus duration. The duration of anestrus was more in cows with higher ectoparasite load (20.82 v/s 6.32 %). There was no variation in macro and micro mineral profile between control and anestrus cows. The total leucocyte count was higher (16.18±1.83 v/s 10.89±0.79 x 109 /L) whereas cholesterol (109.10±6.08 v/s 152.95±16.02 mg/dl) and T4 (2.55±0.20 v/s 5.04±0.39 µg/ml) concentrations were lower in anestrus compared to control group cows, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access GENITAL STATUS AND REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN SMALL RUMINANTS-AN ABATTOIR INVESTIGATION(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2012-07) Agrawal Kumar, Jitendra; Kumar, NavneetABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to conduct an abattoir survey on morbid genitalia of sheep (n=267) and goat (n=371) procured from local abattoirs in and around Palampur over a period of one and a half year from September 2010 to March 2012. A detailed gross morphological examination of the genital tracts involving the ovaries, uterus and cervix was carried out to study normal physiological status or detect any abnormality or disease condition and classified as normal, gravid or abnormal. The ovarian activity was assessed on the basis of presence or absence of corpora lutea (CL). To record seasonal variations, the genital tracts were examined for number of small and large follicles and CL. Out of total sheep genitalia examined, 227 (85.02%) were physiologically normal and 40 (14.98%) had one or more genital abnormalities. Examination of goat genitalia revealed that 279 (75.20%) were normal whereas 92 (24.80%) had genital abnormalities. Ovarian abnormalities were observed in 4.86 per cent of ewes. In goats, 10.24 per cent incidence of ovarian disorders was recorded. Uterine abnormalities were observed in 7.11 per cent of ewes, which included endometritis (0.37%), pyometra (1.87%), mucometra (1.49%), hydrometra (2.99%) and mummification (0.37%). In goats, 8.08 per cent cases of uterine abnormalities were recorded involving endometritis and pyometra (1.34% each), hydrometra (3.5%) and excessive hemorrhage (0.8%). Miscellaneous lesions such as parovarian cysts, parasitic cysts and nodules on outer surface of uterine horns were also evident. The uterine and ovarian abnormalities co-existed only in a few abattoir sheep or goat genitalia. Quite a good number of sheep (7.8%) and goats (11.59%) were pregnant. Right ovary was more active as compared to left in both the species. Significantly (p<0.05) higher mean number of corpora lutea was recorded during breeding season both in sheep (0.64±0.06 vs 0.39±0.06) and goats (0.76±0.05 vs 0.55±0.07).