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Subject: Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonographic evaluation of pre- and post-pubertal follicular dynamics in Sahiwal and Crossbred heifers
    (Palampur, 2022-12-07) Sharma, Pururava; Kumar, Pravesh
    The study was conducted to compare the pre-pubertal versus post-pubertal follicular dynamics in Sahiwal (n=10) and Jersey crossbred (n=10) heifers by using trans rectal ultrasonography. The investigation was carried out in the Livestock Farm Complex of the University from March, 2021 to August, 2022. Irrespective of the pre- or post-pubertal stage, the ultrasonography was done every other day in the both groups of heifers. In pre pubertal heifersthe day of emergence of follicular wave was considered as day 1. Thereafter, the observations were made for 21 days. Absence of luteal tissue was used as confirmation of pre-pubertal stage in both the groups of heifers. All the animals were re-examined for the initiation of puberty after every 20 days and monitored regularly for the exhibition of signs of estrus. In Sahiwal and Jersey crossbred heifers a significant variation (p<0.01) was observed in the body weight at birth (21.2±0.28 and 27.0±0.16 kg), body weight at puberty (335.9±5.75 and 366.5±4.52 kg) and age at puberty (1132.7±53.22 and 932.9±20.95 days), respectively. ROC curve revealed that pubertal weight in Sahiwal and Jersey crossbred heifers was ≥ 308.11 and ≥ 337.17 kg, respectively, with a specificity of 90 and 100 per cent. A significant variation (p<0.01) was recorded during post-pubertal period for back fat thickness in Sahiwal and Jersey crossbred heifers which were 12.86±0.05 and 12.69±0.01 mm, respectively. Follicular dynamics in pre- and post-pubertal stages occurred in a wave like manner. In Sahiwal and Jersey crossbred heifers, the preponderance of two- or three follicular waves were 40 or 60 per cent; 70 or 30 per cent, respectively. The inter-estrus interval in two- and three-wave Sahiwal and Jersey crossbred was 17.50±0.28, 17.85±0.34 and 20.83±0.40, 20.33±0.66 days, respectively which differed significantly (p<0.01) among different waves but not between the breeds. The size of pre-ovulatory follicle in two-wave Sahiwal and Jersey crossbred heifers differ significantly (p<0.01) but not in three wave cycles.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on ovarian and endocrine profile in endometritis affected cycling cows
    (Palampur, 2022-12-08) Negi, Vijender; Sood, Pankaj
    The present study investigated the effect of endometritis on reproduction in regular cyclic repeat breeding cows. Out of 43 cows included initially, 8 turned out negative for endometritis, while 2 others failed to ovulate. Hence, 33 cows, diagnosed with subclinical endometritis (SCE), were studied through three consecutive estrous cycles (C-1, C-2 and C-3, respectively). The duration of two interestrus intervals intervening C-1 and C-3 were recorded. Investigation comprised of different clinico-gynaecological (uterine tone, consistency and spinnbarkeit holding time of genital discharge at day 0, the day of estrus; preovulatory follicle size; estrus duration; estrus onset to ovulation interval; end of estrus to ovulation interval and size of corpus luteum at day 5, 7, 13 and 17, respectively), endocrinological (progesterone [P4] at day 0, 3, 5, 7, 13 and 17; estradiol [E2] and luteinizing hormone [LH] at 24, 18, 12 and 6 h prior to ovulation and area under curve [AUC]: all in blood plasma) and microbiological (qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microbes using aerobic and anaerobic culture of genital discharge at day 0) parameters. On the basis of drug sensitivity pattern of the genital discharge at C-1 estrus, the cows were treated with suitable antibiotics at C-2 estrus and inseminated at C-3. The cows not conceived were re-inseminated for up to two estrus periods after C-3. Pregnancy was confirmed 45 d after insemination in non-return cows. The effect of SCE was evaluated by comparing the aforesaid parameters between C-1 and C-3. The prevalence of SCE was 81.39%. At C-1 estrus, suprabasal P4 was present in 54.50% SCE cows, which differed from the normal P4 cows in terms of (i) reduced uterine tone (ii) significantly longer interestrus interval spanning C-1 and C-2 (iii) larger CL at day 7 and 13 (iv) higher P4 at estrus and (v) reduced AUC of LH. The treatment of SCE (C-1 versus C-3 findings) resulted in (i) increase in genital discharge consistency (2.06 ± 0.13 versus 2.57 ± 0.09; P=0.03) and ovulatory follicle size (mm) (14.14 ± 0.28 versus 15.56 ± 0.36; P=0.00), respectively (ii) altered interestrus interval in 66.70% cows (22 out of 33) (iii) larger CL at d 13 (iv) alleviation of suprabasal P4 with increased AUC of P4, E2 (P=0.04) and LH (P=0.004). The microbiological investigations at C-1 estrus indicated a monoculture of 8 different genera and 11 different species in 96.97% (32 out of 33) cows, with Bacillus spp. isolated in 53.12% (17 out of 32) animals. All the isolates were either aerobic or facultative anaerobes; 75% being gram positive and 25% being gram negative. The bacterial load at C-1 estrus (CFU/ml) was 1440.52 ± 868.83 x 103 . After treatment, 65.6% (21 out of 32) cows became bacteriologically negative and bacterial load tended to reduce (0.045 ± 0.018 x 103 ) at C-3. The bacterial load exhibited varying level of interactions with majority of the clinico gynaecological parameters which, however, were missing for the corpus luteum and different endocrinological parameters in cows with suprabasal and normal P4 as well as the cows, at C-1 and C-3. The first service conception rate, overall conceptions and services per conception were 33.33% (n=11), 75.8% (n=25) and 1.88, respectively. Zero bacterial loads at C-3 favored overall conception (78.3%; 18 out of 23). Cows with gram positive compared to gram negative infection at C-1 took more number of services to conceive (2.0 versus 1.3; p=0.08). In conclusion, the SCE executed multilevel effects on reproduction that improved after treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the impact of seasonal variation on various reproductive parameters in dairy cows of Himachal Pradesh
    (Palampur, 2022-11-22) Kumar, Harish; Kumar, Pravesh
    The study was carried out in Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV Palampur to assess the impact of different seasons on cow’s reproduction. A total of 30 Jersey crossbred cows (n=10 cows in each season) in their 1 st to 5th lactation, aged around 2-8 years having body condition score around 2.5-3.5 were selected for the study. The year was divided into three seasons viz., summer (May to August), winter (November to February), and isothermic season including both spring (March and April) and autumn (September and October) seasons. Daily temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated using a dry and wet-bulb thermometer placed outside all the animal sheds. All cows were subjected to the sonographic examination every 48 hours for ovarian structures from the day of estrus till the completion of one estrous cycle. Seasonal variation in the developmental patterns of follicles and corpus luteum during three-follicular waves (all cows showed 3 wave pattern) of the estrous cycle were studied. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (day of estrus), 5, 10, 15 and day 20 to study the impact of seasonal variation on different hormones (cortisol, estradiol-17β and progesterone), haemato-biochemicals (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total protein and cholesterol and complete blood count), minerals (calcium and phosphorus), and electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride). The THI recorded during different seasons showed significant variation (p0.05) and did not show any relation with the variations in follicular dynamics parameters during different seasons. Plasma cortisol levels showed significant variation (p<0.05) in different seasons with increased levels in the winter season followed by the summer season. Blood biochemical profile like aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed significant variation (p<0.01-0.05) during different seasons. Potassium was the only electrolyte to exhibit significant variation (p<0.01-0.05) in different seasons.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF SEASONAL VARIATION ON VARIOUS REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN DAIRY COWS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (Palampur, 2022-11-04) KUMAR, HARISH; KUMAR, PRAVESH
    The study was carried out in Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV Palampur to assess the impact of different seasons on cow’s reproduction. A total of 30 Jersey crossbred cows (n=10 cows in each season) in their 1 st to 5th lactation, aged around 2-8 years having body condition score around 2.5-3.5 were selected for the study. The year was divided into three seasons viz., summer (May to August), winter (November to February), and isothermic season including both spring (March and April) and autumn (September and October) seasons. Daily temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated using a dry and wet-bulb thermometer placed outside all the animal sheds. All cows were subjected to the sonographic examination every 48 hours for ovarian structures from the day of estrus till the completion of one estrous cycle. Seasonal variation in the developmental patterns of follicles and corpus luteum during three-follicular waves (all cows showed 3 wave pattern) of the estrous cycle were studied. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (day of estrus), 5, 10, 15 and day 20 to study the impact of seasonal variation on different hormones (cortisol, estradiol-17β and progesterone), haemato-biochemicals (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total protein and cholesterol and complete blood count), minerals (calcium and phosphorus), and electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride). The THI recorded during different seasons showed significant variation (p0.05) and did not show any relation with the variations in follicular dynamics parameters during different seasons. Plasma cortisol levels showed significant variation (p<0.05) in different seasons with increased levels in the winter season followed by the summer season. Blood biochemical profile like aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed significant variation (p<0.01-0.05) during different seasons. Potassium was the only electrolyte to exhibit significant variation (p<0.01-0.05) in different seasons.