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Subject: Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Author: Negi, Vijender × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on ovarian and endocrine profile in endometritis affected cycling cows
    (Palampur, 2022-12-08) Negi, Vijender; Sood, Pankaj
    The present study investigated the effect of endometritis on reproduction in regular cyclic repeat breeding cows. Out of 43 cows included initially, 8 turned out negative for endometritis, while 2 others failed to ovulate. Hence, 33 cows, diagnosed with subclinical endometritis (SCE), were studied through three consecutive estrous cycles (C-1, C-2 and C-3, respectively). The duration of two interestrus intervals intervening C-1 and C-3 were recorded. Investigation comprised of different clinico-gynaecological (uterine tone, consistency and spinnbarkeit holding time of genital discharge at day 0, the day of estrus; preovulatory follicle size; estrus duration; estrus onset to ovulation interval; end of estrus to ovulation interval and size of corpus luteum at day 5, 7, 13 and 17, respectively), endocrinological (progesterone [P4] at day 0, 3, 5, 7, 13 and 17; estradiol [E2] and luteinizing hormone [LH] at 24, 18, 12 and 6 h prior to ovulation and area under curve [AUC]: all in blood plasma) and microbiological (qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microbes using aerobic and anaerobic culture of genital discharge at day 0) parameters. On the basis of drug sensitivity pattern of the genital discharge at C-1 estrus, the cows were treated with suitable antibiotics at C-2 estrus and inseminated at C-3. The cows not conceived were re-inseminated for up to two estrus periods after C-3. Pregnancy was confirmed 45 d after insemination in non-return cows. The effect of SCE was evaluated by comparing the aforesaid parameters between C-1 and C-3. The prevalence of SCE was 81.39%. At C-1 estrus, suprabasal P4 was present in 54.50% SCE cows, which differed from the normal P4 cows in terms of (i) reduced uterine tone (ii) significantly longer interestrus interval spanning C-1 and C-2 (iii) larger CL at day 7 and 13 (iv) higher P4 at estrus and (v) reduced AUC of LH. The treatment of SCE (C-1 versus C-3 findings) resulted in (i) increase in genital discharge consistency (2.06 ± 0.13 versus 2.57 ± 0.09; P=0.03) and ovulatory follicle size (mm) (14.14 ± 0.28 versus 15.56 ± 0.36; P=0.00), respectively (ii) altered interestrus interval in 66.70% cows (22 out of 33) (iii) larger CL at d 13 (iv) alleviation of suprabasal P4 with increased AUC of P4, E2 (P=0.04) and LH (P=0.004). The microbiological investigations at C-1 estrus indicated a monoculture of 8 different genera and 11 different species in 96.97% (32 out of 33) cows, with Bacillus spp. isolated in 53.12% (17 out of 32) animals. All the isolates were either aerobic or facultative anaerobes; 75% being gram positive and 25% being gram negative. The bacterial load at C-1 estrus (CFU/ml) was 1440.52 ± 868.83 x 103 . After treatment, 65.6% (21 out of 32) cows became bacteriologically negative and bacterial load tended to reduce (0.045 ± 0.018 x 103 ) at C-3. The bacterial load exhibited varying level of interactions with majority of the clinico gynaecological parameters which, however, were missing for the corpus luteum and different endocrinological parameters in cows with suprabasal and normal P4 as well as the cows, at C-1 and C-3. The first service conception rate, overall conceptions and services per conception were 33.33% (n=11), 75.8% (n=25) and 1.88, respectively. Zero bacterial loads at C-3 favored overall conception (78.3%; 18 out of 23). Cows with gram positive compared to gram negative infection at C-1 took more number of services to conceive (2.0 versus 1.3; p=0.08). In conclusion, the SCE executed multilevel effects on reproduction that improved after treatment.