Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 340

Open Access
An appraisal of cultural weed management practices on weed dynamics, productivity and profitability in organically managed maize – pea cropping system
(palampur, 2019-09-28) Hetta, Gaytri; Rana, S.S.
The study was carried out in a continuing experiment under AICRP-WM (All India Coordinated Research Project on Weed Management) during 2018-19 (rabi) to 2019 (kharif) at Palampur. Ten weed control treatments based on hoeing (T1), stale seed bed + hoeing (T2), raised stale seed bed + hoeing (T3), mulch (T4), stale seed bed + mulch (T5), raised stale seed bed + mulch (T6), intercropping (T7), crop rotation (T8), intensive cropping (T9) and chemical check (T10). Twenty two weed species were found to infest the pea crop, whereas 13 weed species were found in maize crop. Stellaria media (14%), Phalaris minor (13%), Vicia sativa (12%), Tulipa asiatica (9%), Vicia hirsuta (6%), Avena ludoviciana (7%), Poa annua (6%), Anagallis arvensis (6%) and Ranunculus arvensis (4%) were the major weeds during rabi 2018-19. The dominant weed species in pea crop were Stellaria media and Phalaris minor with SDR values of 10.6 and 10.3, respectively. Shannon Weiner index accounting for order or abundance of a species within a sample plot was highest under RSSB + hoeing treatment (T3) followed by intensive cropping (T9). Lowest values of this index were obtained under intercropping (T7) followed by hoeing (T1). Echinochloa colona (24%) was the most dominated weed followed by Cyperus sp (22%), Commelina benghalensis (17%), Polygonum alatum (11%), Galinsoga parviflora (11%) and Digitaria sanguinalis (5%) during kharif 2019. The dominant weed species in maize crop were found to be Echinochloa colona, Cyperus sp. (C. iria and C.esculentus) and Commelina benghalensis with SDR values of 18.8, 17.9 and 14.6, respectively. Shannon Weiner index accounting for the order or abundance of a species within a community was highest for the RSSB + hoeing treatment (T3) followed by SSB + hoeing (T2), intercropping (T7) and chemical check (T10). It was lowest under RSSB + mulch (T6) followed by hoeing treatment (T1). The pod yield in plot with intensive cropping (T9) was maximum followed by chemical check (T10) in rabi 2018-19. Chemical check treatment (T10) gave highest maize green cob yield (10323 kg/ha). However, RSSB + hoeing with 9208 kg/ha of green cobs was statistically equal to the chemical check. Higher productivity (maize equivalent yield) of 11420 kg/ha was obtained under the chemical check (T10) treatment being at par with RSSB + hoeing (T3) (10160 kg/ha). The B:C followed the trend of intensive cropping > intercropping > chemical check > RSSB + hoeing > RSSB + mulch. Significantly higher energy use efficiency (12.3%) was recorded with crop rotation treatment (T8) followed by RSSB + hoeing (T3).
Open Access
Yield maximization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties at varying fertility level in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh
(palampur, 2019-08-30) Kumar, Nitesh; Mankotia, B. S
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018 at CSKHPKV, Rice and Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Malan with the objective of fine-tuning fertility levels for maximizing yield of rice varieties in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisted of 5 main-plot treatments comprising different fertility levels {50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF (90:40:40), 150% RDF, 50% RDF + Azolla and 100% RDF + Azolla} and 4 varieties as sub-plot treatments {Vivekdhan 65, HPR 2143, HPR 2720 (red rice) and AZ 6508 (hybrid)}. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and sufficient in available zinc and iron. Azolla was applied @ 20-25 g m -2 at 10 DAT, which was allowed to multiply in-situ for about 2-3 weeks and subsequently trampled twice. The increase in fertility level and Azolla application increased the growth, yield attributes and yield of rice. Application of Azolla increased the rice productivity significantly both at 50 and 100% RDF by 399 and 481 kg ha -1 , respectively. Application of 100% RDF + Azolla recorded productivity (5319 kg ha -1 ) and profitability (INR 79,490 ha -1 ) which was at par with productivity and profitability achieved with 150% RDF (5192 kg ha -1 , INR 75,738 ha -1 ). Similarly, 50% RDF + Azolla recorded productivity and profitability which was at par with 100% RDF thus revealing a saving of 50% RDF with the use of Azolla. Hybrid „AZ 6508‟ recorded maximum grain yield of 6924 kg ha -1 followed by Vivekdhan 65 (4822 kg ha -1 ), red rice „HPR 2720‟ (3924 kg ha -1 ) and HPR 2143 (3740 kg ha -1 ). The maximum net return (INR 93,924 ha -1 ) and B:C ratio (2.13) were recorded by the hybrid AZ 6508. Though the productivity of Vivekdhan 65 was more than red rice „HPR 2720‟, but due to higher price of red rice it fetched more net return (INR 76,248 ha -1 ) and B:C ratio (1.94). Interaction effect revealed that the application of 100% RDF + Azolla to the hybrid AZ 6508 produced grain yield of 7430 kg ha -1 with net return of INR 101,630 ha -1 and B:C ratio of 2.23. Thus, farmers of mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh can maximize the rice productivity by growing hybrid AZ 6508 and applying 100% RDF + Azolla @ 20-25 g m -2 10 DAT. Next to hybrid, red rice HPR 2720 is the most profitable choice.
Open Access
Long term effect of Integrated Nutrient Supply System in Rice-Wheat cropping system
(palampur, 2017-07-17) Rana, Jyotika; Negi, SC
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient supply system in rice-wheat cropping system during 2016-17 at Badhiarkhar Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSKHPKV, Palampur. The treatments comprising of T1 - Control (No fertilizer, no manure), T2 - 50% NPK to both rice and wheat, T3 - 50% NPK to rice and 100% NPK to wheat, T4 - 75% NPK to both rice and wheat, T5 - 100% NPK to both rice and wheat, T6 - 50% NPK + 50% N (FYM) to rice and 100% NPK to wheat, T7 - 75% NPK + 25% N (FYM) to rice and 75% NPK to wheat, T8 - 50% NPK + 50% N (wheat cut straw) to rice and 100% NPK to wheat, T9 - 75% NPK + 25% N (wheat cut straw) to rice and 75% NPK to wheat, T10 - 50% NPK + 50% N (green manure) to rice and 100% NPK to wheat, T11 - 75% NPK + 25% N (green manure) to rice and 75% NPK to wheat and T12 -Farmers‟ Practice (40% NPK and FYM 5 t/ha to both the crops) were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications. Soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, high in available nitrogen, and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. Significantly higher absolute growth rate and plant height, higher dry matter accumulation, number of shoots, CGR & RGR were recorded in T6 incase of rice. In case of wheat, initial plant stand at complete emergence, plant height, number of shoots and dry matter accumulation at different stages were also maximum in T6. The days taken to 50% flowering/earing as well as maturity were minimum in the treatment comprising of 50% NPK along with FYM in rice (T6).The study revealed that T6 resulted in higher tillers, panicles, grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, seed, straw & biological yield of rice. In case of wheat, higher number of spikes, number of grains per spike, length of spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, seed, straw and biological yield were found in T6. Pooled data of 22 years from 1994-95 to 2016-17 showed that the maximum yield was recorded in T6. The net returns of the system was maximum in treatment T6 while the benefit cost ratio was maximum in treatment T5. The treatment comprising of 50% NPK + 50% N (FYM) to rice and 100% NPK to wheat (T6)was found to be the best treatment for getting higher productivity and profitability followed by T10 and T5.
Open Access
PERFORMANCE OF LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.) VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-11-18) SOOD, NITIN; Chopra, Pankaj
To find out the suitable variety of linseed for achieving higher productivity and profitability under different nutrient management practices, a field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018-19 at Palampur. Twelve treatments comprising of four nutrient management practices (viz. Inorganic (RDF), Organic, Natural and Integrated Nutrient Management) in main plots and three varieties (viz. ‘Him Palam Alsi-2’, ‘Himani’ and ‘Priyam’) in sub plots were evaluated in Split Plot Design with three replications. The soil of the experimental field was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH 5.9) and medium in available nitrogen (243.3 kg/ha), phosphorus (24.7 kg/ha) and potassium (145.4 kg/ha). Results, revealed that among different nutrient management practices, Integrated Nutrient Management being at par with inorganic practice resulted in significantly taller plants with more dry matter, yield attributes, higher uptake of nutrients and thereby higher yield (1184 kg/ha) with highest net return of 21935/ha. However, INM practice has significant advantage over inorganic practice for enhancing microbial count and other soil properties with 7.53 per cent increase in yield. Among varieties, ‘Him Palam Alsi-2’ has significantly more dry matter, number of primary branches, capsules/plant, higher uptake of NPK and superseded all other varieties with significantly highest yield (1169 kg/ha) and maximum net return ( 20567/ha). Soil properties were not influenced by different varieties. In integration, variety ‘Him Palam Alsi-2’ sown under integrated nutrient management practice resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1297 kg/ha) and net return of 26429/ha. Thus ‘Him Palam Alsi-2’ along with INM may be recommended for higher sustainable yield of linseed.
Open Access
STANDARADIZING FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS FOR RICE HYBRIDS UNDER MIDHILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
(CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-11) DOGRA, NIKHIL; Manuja, Sandeep
A field experiment was undertaken during kharif 2019 at the Experimental Farm of Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.) with the objective of standardizing fertilizer requirements for rice hybrids under mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisted of twenty treatment combinations which included five fertility levels viz., 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100 % RDF (90:40:40), 150% RDF, 150% RDF + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 and natural farming and four varieties namely Arize 6129, Arize Swift. AZ 6508 and HPR 2143, which were tested in split plot design with fertility levels in main plot and varieties in sub plot. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction and medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and zinc. The results obtained from the present investigation clearly indicated the significant influence of fertility levels and varieties on the growth, development, yield attributes and yield of rice. Application of 150% RDF + ZnSO4 gave significantly higher values for almost all the yield attributes viz. number of effective tillers (213.6), filled grains per panicle (157.6) and 1000-grain weight (26.25) which ultimately resulted in significantly higher grain (63.67 q ha-1) and straw yield (74.80 q ha-1) of rice. This treatment also proved to be the most remunerative one giving higher gross return (Rs 1,34,268 ha-1), net return (Rs 87,234 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.85). Adoption of natural farming practices gave significantly lower yield as well as returns. Application of higher dose of fertilizers also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in both grain and straw resulting in their higher uptake. Addition of zinc to the crop increased the zinc content in both rice grain and straw. Higher dose of fertilizers also helped maintain the fertility status of soil which declined in natural farming as well as in treatments where lower dose was added to the crop. All the hybrids tested in this investigation significantly out yielded the inbred check variety HPR 2143. Amongst the hybrids AZ 6508 gave better results in term of grain (59.9 q ha-1) and straw yield (71.8 q ha-1), gross return (Rs 1,26,703 q ha-1), net return (Rs 81,668 q ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.81). Thus, farmers of mid hills of Himachal Pradesh can increase the rice productivity by growing hybrids as well as applying higher fertilizer dose to these hybrids. Application of zinc can further increase the yield of rice as well as zinc content in rice grain and can be used to alleviate the zinc deficiency in rice eating population of our country.
Open Access
RESPONSE OF GRAM TO ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS UNDER RAINFED AND IRRIGATED CONDITIONS IN GRAM-OKRA CROPPING SYSTEM
(CSHHPKV Palampur, 2017-07-06) AHMAD, NESAR; Rameshwar, Kumar
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2015-16 at Holta Organic Farm of Department of Organic Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur to study the response of gram to organic and inorganic sources of nutrients under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments comprising of combinations of four nutrient management practices i.e. organic nutrient management [soil treatment with jeevamrit & seed treatment with Rhizobium + PSB, vermicompost (VC) @ 5 t ha-1 & 3 sprays of vermiwash], inorganic nutrient management (recommended NPK), integrated nutrient management (2.5 t ha-1 VC + 50% of recommended NPK) and farmer’s practice (1.25 t ha-1 VC + 25% of recommended NPK) with two conditions i.e. irrigated and rainfed were tested in split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yield of gram were increased with irrigated condition and nutrient management practices. Under irrigated condition, 15.20 per cent higher yield and 10.41 per cent higher net returns per rupee invested were recorded over rainfed condition. Among nutrient management practices, organic nutrient management recorded significantly higher seed yield (1060.1 kg ha -1 ) as compared to other treatments, followed by integrated nutrient management practice. At the same time organic nutrient management recorded highest net returns (₹ 52467 ha-1 ) and 7.10 net returns per rupee invested. Integrated nutrient management was the second best treatments, recorded higher net returns (₹ 32210 ha-1 ) as compared to inorganic and farmers practice. The available nutrient status of soil (NPK) was significantly higher under organic nutrient management as compared to other treatments.
Open Access
EFFECT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COWPEA
(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-07-27) SHARMA, TARUN; Singh, Janardan
A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya during the Kharif season of 2019, to evaluate the effect of organic nutrient sources on growth, yield and profitability of cowpea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of eight treatments [T1 - Bijamrita (100 ml/kg of seed) + Jiwamrita (5%, 10%, and 10%, respectively at 21,42 & 63 DAS), T2 – Bijamrita (100ml/kg of seed) + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha), T3 - Bijamrita (100ml/kg of seed) + Jiwamrita (5%, 10%, and 10%, respectively at 21,42 & 63 DAS) + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha), T4 - Farm yard manure (10 t/ha), T5 - Farm yard manure (10 t/ha) + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha), T6 - Biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB @ 10g/kg of seed) + Farm yard manure (10 t/ha) + Vermiwash at 15,30 & 45 DAS (1:10), T7 - Biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB @10 g/kg of seed) + Vermicompost (7.5 t/ha) + Vermiwash at 15,30 & 45 DAS (1:10), T8 - Absolute control]. Experimental soil was silty clay loam in texture and acidic in reaction. Available nitrogen was low while available phosphorus and potassium were in medium. The highest values of plant height, dry matter accumulation, unit area efficiency, absolute growth rate, yield attributes, grain yield, gross and net returns were recorded in T5 - Farm yard manure (10 t/ha) + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha) whereas the highest benefit cost ratio was recorded in T1 (Bijamrita + Jiwamrita). The lowest values of the above said parameters were noted in T8 - Absolute control except net returns and benefit cost ratio which were the lowest in T7 (Biofertilizers + Vermicompost + Vermiwash). T5 - Farm yard manure (10 t/ha) + Ghanajiwamrita (250 kg/ha) proved to be the best treatment while T6 - Biofertilizers + FYM + Vermiwash and T7 - Biofertilizers + Vermicompost + Vermiwash proved to be the second and third best treatment in enhancing productivity and profitability of cowpea, respectively
Open Access
MODELING AND FORECASTING YIELD OF RICE FOR KANGRA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-01-30) THAKUR, SHIVANI; Rana, Ranbir Singh
A field experiment was conducted during Khraif 2017 and 2018 at Experimental Farm of Rice and Wheat Research Centre Malan with five dates of transplanting (15th June, 25th June, 5th July, 15th July and 25th July) and three varieties (HPR 1068, HPR 2880 and HPR 2143) in factorial RBD with three replications. The soil of the experimental field was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in available N, high in available P and medium in available K. The growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of tillers m-2, leaf area index, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher in 15th June transplanted crop during both the years though it was at par with 25th June transplanted crop. There was reduction in grain yield with delay in transplanting after 15th June. The decrease averaged over two years was 7 % in 25th June, 16 % in 5th July, 32 % in 15th July and 45 % in 25th July transplanted crop over 15th June transplanted crop. The early transplanted crop took more days for tillering, panicle initiation, 50 % flowering and maturity. Net returns and B: C ratio was significantly higher in 15th June transplanted crop compared to subsequent dates of transplanting. The agrometeorological indices indicated more values for 15th June to 5th July transplanted crops and lowest values in late transplanted crop. Amongst varieties, HPR 2143 gave significantly higher values of growth and yield attributes during both the years. Likewise, grain yield, biological yield, net returns and B: C ratio was significantly higher in variety HPR 2143 followed by HPR 1068 and HPR 2880. The DSSAT CERES- Rice model performed well, [high correlation coefficient (r), low root mean square error (RMSE) and low mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)] in simulating the physiological maturity (r= 0.89 and 0.95; RMSE= 3.8 and 2.9 days; MAPE= -1.4 and -2.1 %), leaf area index (r= 0.97 and 0.96; RMSE= 0.08 and 0.06; MAPE= 0.96 and 0.82 %), grain yield (r= 0.98 and 0.96; RMSE= 372 and 333 kg ha-1; MAPE= -5.0 and - 9.0 %), biological yield (r= 0.96 and 0.98, RMSE= 656 and 824 kg ha-1; MAPE= 3.2 and 7.2 %) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. The simulated days to physiology maturity, LAI, grain and biological yield matched closely with observed values for all transplanting environments. The model performance was somewhere under estimated or overestimated but found within acceptable limits. The predicted yields of rice using validated CERES-Rice model indicated -6.4 to 6.2, -10.8 to1.2 and -5.2 to 7.6 % at F1stage during 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively and -4.2 to 7.2, -8.7 to 2.2 and -3.1 to 8.6 % errors during 2015, 2016 and 2017 at F2 stage. The yield was more reliable in F2 stage of district Kangra. The model predicted ±10 percent deviation in rice yield compared to actual productivity of district under study and can be used for the yield forecast in the district.
Open Access
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRITION ON SORGHUM + PEARL MILLET FODDER PRODUCTION, ASSOCIATED WEED FLORA AND SOIL PROPERTIES
(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-09-10) SANDEEP; Naveen, Kumar
A field experiment “Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrition on sorghum + pearl millet fodder production, associated weed flora and soil properties” was conducted at Research Farm of Fodder Section, CSKHPKV, Palampur during Kharif 2019. Soil of the experimental field was acidic in reaction, high in organic carbon, low to medium in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and medium in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, consisting of nine treatments having eight combinations of two nitrogen levels (no nitrogen and 50 per cent of recommended nitrogen), two FYM levels (10 and 15 t/ha) and two levels of Jeevamrit concentration (5 and 10 per cent), plus one treatment of recommended dose of NPK (120, 60, 40 kg/ha) through inorganic sources. Treatments comprised of integrated nutrient management (50 per cent recommended N + FYM + Jeevamrit) and recommended NPK behaving alike resulted in better crop growth (emergence count, plant height, shoot number, leaf stem ratio, dry matter accumulation), fodder yields (green and dry), crude protein content, crude protein yield and lower weed population and weed dry matter accumulation compared to organically managed systems with variable levels and concentration of FYM and Jeevamrit, respectively. The uptake of N, P and K by crops was significantly higher with 50 per cent recommended N + 15 t/ha FYM + 10 per cent Jeevamrit. Application of recommended NPK proved most profitable with highest net return (₹ 59,018/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.75). Treatments with integrated use of 50 per cent recommended N + FYM and Jeevamrit increased available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over initial values and increase was highest with recommended NPK. The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were highest with 50 per cent recommended N +15 t/ha FYM + 10 per cent Jeevamrit.

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Rating Count

Search Results