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2019 - 20205
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Subject: Agricultural Biochemistry × End date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ORGANICALLY GROWN WHEAT GENOTYPES
    (CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-07-23) SUNIDHI; SHARMA, NEELAM
    In the present investigation entitled “Biochemical evaluation of organically grown wheat genotypes” the grains of twenty-four selected genotypes of wheat each for organically and inorganically grown were evaluated for biochemical attributes of dietary significance and nutritional aspects. Statistically significant variations in wheat genotypes grown under organic production system were observed in moisture content (11.06 to 13.08%), ash (1.12 to 2.26%), crude protein (8.27 to 12.88%), fat content (1.15 to 3.27%), crude fibre content (1.02 to 2.4%), carbohydrates (69.06 to 74.40%), total soluble protein (0.33 to 0.68 mg/100g), lysine content (0.17 to 0.31 mg/100g) and in vitro protein digestibility (64.29 to 79.58%). Genotypes grown under inorganic production system varied significantly in moisture content (11.16 to 14.54 %), ash (1.15 to 2.27 %), crude protein (8.54 to 12.07%), fat (1.15 to 3.03%), crude fibre (1.2 to 2.8%), carbohydrates (67.74 to 75.12%), total soluble protein (0.48 to 0.66 mg/100g), lysine content (0.26 to 0.37 mg/100g) and in vitro protein digestibility (62.44 to 79.95%). The range of variation for minerals in organically grown wheat genotypes, viz., sodium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese were found to be in order of 25.75-40 mg/100g, 0.28-0.69 mg/100g, 6.24-6.63 mg/100g, 2.67-6.97 mg/100g and 1.02-1.84 mg/100g respectively. The trend in inorganically grown wheat genotypes for variability in sodium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese was found to be 28.55-44.25 mg/100g, 0.33-0.50 mg/100g, 6.24-6.37 mg/100g, 1.54-5.80 mg/100g and 1.23-1.99 mg/100g respectively. Amongst the organically grown wheat genotypes, the highest value was observed in HPW-972 for crude protein and ash; in HPW-973 for crude fat; in KANKU for carbohydrates; PW-1054 for in vitro protein digestibility. In case of inorganically grown wheat genotypes, highest value was observed in HPWO-4 for protein; in HPW-972 and HPW-155 for fat; in ML-1099 for carbohydrates; in PW-1054 for in vitro protein digestibility and ash. The information obtained from this study has been used for carrying out the cumulative grading of genotypes both grown under organic and inorganic production system for nutritionally desirable characters. On grading genotypes grown under different systems together, inorganically grown AB-1 genotype ranked first and organically grown genotype HPW-980 ranked second.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF Chenopodium ambrosioides GROWN IN KANGRA VALLEY
    (CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-07-28) SHARMA, SHIVANI; Singh, Nageswer
    In the present investigation entitled “Nutritional Status of Chenopodium ambrosioides grown in Kangra Valley” the leaf samples of Chenopodium ambrosioides collected from twelve locations of Kangra valley were evaluated for various biochemical and phytochemical constituents of quality significance. Significant variation in biochemical constituents among various Chenopodium ambrosioides collections was observed i.e. moisture (26.01 to 36.64 per cent), total ash (15.01 to 19.15 per cent), crude protein (23.18 to 31.20 per cent), crude fat (2.73 to 6.89 per cent), crude fibre (9.01 to 10.69 per cent), total carbohydrate (4.95 to 13.68 per cent), sodium (227.50 to 315.00 mg/100g), calcium (912.50 to 1025.00 mg/100g), potassium (982.50 to 1086.67 mg/100g), iron (0.64 to 0.69 mg/100g), zinc (0.11 to 0.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.05 to 0.11 mg/100g) and copper (0.13 to 0.45 mg/100g). Phytochemical constituents also showed considerable variation in the total phenols (326.33 to 489.56 mg/100g), tannins (75.16 to 195.06 mg/100g), total chlorophyll (0.87 to 1.68 mg/g), carotenoids (13.33 to 23.87 µg/g), ascorbic acid (7.25 to 17.29 mg/100g), PPO (polyphenol oxidase) activity (0.045 to 0.092 ΔOD/min), and antioxidant activity (4.53 to 9.18 µg/ml). Multi-purpose/versatile collections were identified based on cumulative rating as Dehra, Harchkiyan, Jaswan, Palampur and Daroh followed by Thural for proximate composition, mineral content and phytochemical constituents excelling in that order of preference.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF VIRUS INFECTED CAPSICUM AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF VIRAL PATHOGEN
    (CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-01-31) SINGH, SHIPRA; Sharma, Neelam
    Capsicum is a cash crop of Himachal Pradesh commonly known for the abundance of antioxidants. Viral disease incidence has become very prominent in this crop. A total 19 viruses are known to infect Capsicum crop in India. In the present investigation entitled, “Phytochemical studies of virus infected Capsicum and molecular characterisation of viral pathogen”, a survey was conducted and 51 leaf samples were collected on the basis of symptoms from three districts of Himachal Pradesh i.e. Kangra, Kullu and Mandi. All the collected samples were analysed for the presence of viruses and their effect on phytochemical constituents. In addition to this, molecular characterisation of most prevalent virus was carried out. Screening of the samples for the presence of viruses through DAS-ELISA and identification and confirmation through RT-PCR revealed that CMV, PVY, PVX, GBNV, PSTVd (viroid) and TYLCV were the common viruses which infect Capsicum crop in Himachal Pradesh. The percent viral infection in Capsicum was 58.8 percent for CMV, 37.2 percent for PVY, 7.8 percent for TYLCV, 29.4 percent for PVX and 1.96 percent for PSTVd and GBNV both. Thus, CMV was the most prevalent virus in Capsicum crop. A significant decrease was observed in virus infected leaf samples of Capsicum for antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content Whereas total phenols and total flavonoids increased in infected samples.The molecular characterisation of CMV was carried out. An amplicon of approximately 829 bp, 958 bp, 1,314 bp, 373 bp, 842 bp and 647 bp for 1a helicase,1a methyltransferase, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b genes were obtained. BLASTn analysis revealed that 1a helicase protein gene showed 98.35 percent identity with 1a helicase isolate of Capsicum sp. from Germany,1a methyltransferase protein gene showed 98.21 percent identity with 1a methyltransferase protein gene isolate of Tagetus erecta. from India, 2a protein gene showed 99.39 percent identity with Cucumber mosaic virus isolate TC segment of RNA -2 from UK, 2b protein gene showed 94.07 percent identity with 2b protein genes from Germany, movement protein (3a) gene showed 99.28 percent identity with Cucumber mosaic virus isolate CMV12 3a protein (3a) gene of Zucchini from Poland and Coat protein (3b) gene showed 99.23 percent identity with CP gene for coat protein of Valeriana from India.Comparative genome sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis of CMV genes based on subgroups revealed that CMV-PLP 8 isolate belongs to subgroup-II of CMV.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL AND RESIDUE STUDIES OF TEMBOTRIONE IN MAIZE
    (CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-01-31) SAPEHIA, SHAILA; Sharma, Neelam
    A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) consisting of five treatments viz. tembotrione 60g/ha, tembotrione 120g/ha, tembotrione 240g/ha, atrazine 1.5kg/ha and control to study the “Biochemical and residue studies of tembotrione in maize” in the Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during kharif season, 2019. Maize plant samples were collected at monthly intervals (i.e. zero (2 hrs), 30, 60 days after the herbicide application) and at harvest for biochemical analysis and grain samples at maturity of crop for quality indices and for residue studies. Soil samples were collected at zero (2 hrs), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 days and at harvest for the residue studies. Protein content in maize plant was not influenced very distinctly with applied treatments, except at 30 days. However, a numerical increase in total protein content was noticed in tembotrione treatments over control. Total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and total carbohydrates content in maize leaves increased significantly with applied tembotrione treatments and maximum increase was noticed in treatment tembotrione 120g/ha. A significant increase in total carbohydrates content in maize grain over control was observed in all the herbicide applied treatments. The residue data of tembotrione generated in present investigation indicated that tembotrione 60g/ha, tembotrione 120g/ha and tembotrione 240g/ha persisted in soil up to 30, 45 and 45 days, respectively. Approximately 75 per cent of applied herbicide in soil dissipated within 15 days after herbicide application. The dissipation of tembotrione in the soil at three rates of application i.e tembotrione 60g/ha, tembotrione 120g/ha and tembotrione 240g/ha followed first order kinetics and the half –lives ranged from 9 to 14 days. Residues of tembotrione were below detectable levels i.e. ≤0.025µg/g in maize grain and maize stover
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRODUCTION OF SEMI-DWARF AND BLAST RESISTANT DERIVATIVES OF RANBIR BASMATI USING ANTHER CULTURE AND MARKER-ASSISTED-SELECTION
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-02) Samal, Prabhudut; Rathour, Rajeev
    Rice blast is one of the most important fungal diseases in rice, which is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn: Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). The disease not only causes reduction in yield but also results in chalky and sterile grains thus ultimately deteriorating the grain quality in Basmati rice. The present investigation was aimed at development of the semi-dwarf and blast resistant fixed derivatives of a traditional Basmati rice variety Ranbir Basmati through introgression of blast resistance gene Pi-9 and a recessive semi-dwarfing gene sd-1 from a Basmati donor PB1(Pi9). Of the total 388 BC2F2 plants of cross Ranbir Basmati*3/ PB1(Pi9) subjected to marker-assisted foreground selection, 23 were found to be homozygous for both the genes Pi-9 and sd-1. Of the 12459 anthers of BC2F2 progenies of plant JKR-1-29-100 only 68 formed calli, whereas 28 calli were induced from the 6043 anthers obtained from BC2F2 progenies of JKR1-34-16. A total of 37 plantlets were regenerated from the 96 anther derived calli of the selected BC2F2 progenies with overall regeneration frequency of 38.54%. A significant proportion of regenerated plantlets were albinos. Of the total 37 regenerated plantlets 21 (56.75%) were green, while the remaining 16 (43.24%) were albinos. The overall anther culture response of the BC2F2 derivatives of cross Ranbir Basmati*3/ PB1(Pi9) was very low (0.11%) as only 21 green plantlets could be regenerated from the 18502 cultured anthers. The analysis of yield and its component traits in anther culture derived doubled haploid (DH) plants revealed the presence of superior transgressive segregants for the traits viz., effective tillers, grains per panicle and yield per plant; some of the DH plants out performed both the parental genotypes for these traits. Two DH lines, DH-6 and DH-11, besides being semi-dwarf and highly resistant to blast, exhibited yield, maturity and grain quality attributes (except grain length) comparable or better than Ranbir Basmati. These lines can be further evaluated for yield and blast resistance under multi-location yield trials to assess their potential as new varieties.