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Author: RAGHAVENDRA × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF KAEMPFERIA GALANGA ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST NON-TYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA SPP.
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCS, POOKODE, WAYANAD, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-12-29) RAGHAVENDRA; Dr. Aswathi P.B.
    The present study was conducted to analyse the efficacy of dietary supplementation of Kaempferia galanga on the growth performance of broiler chicken and to assess its antimicrobial activity against multi-drug-resistant, non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (MDR-NTS). Initially, the cloacal swabs (n = 31) collected from different broiler farms in the Wayanad district were subjected to isolation and identification of NTS strains and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 24 Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered by isolation and identification, whereas the PCR assay confirmed two isolates positive for S. Typhimurium and 18 for S. Enteritidis. Surprisingly, 10 isolates were resistant to six classes of antibiotics in the antimicrobial susceptibility testing and 18 isolates were confirmed to be MDR-NTS. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration of K. galanga on the selected MDR- S. Typhimurium isolates was determined using the micro broth dilution technique which was found to be 25 mg/mL. The LD50 dose of MDR- S. Typhimurium strains determined in Vencobb 430Y chicks was found to be 1 × 109 CFU/mL. The chicks were grouped into six treatments each with three replicates having 10 birds (T1 to T6). The birds were fed iso-caloric, and iso-protein diets observing BIS 2007 specification in which the level of shade-dried K. galanga was fixed at 2.50 per cent for T2 and T5, five per cent for T3 and T6, and only basal diet was fed to T1 and T4. The Salmonella-free tested birds were administered with 0.50 mL of selected MDR – S. Typhimurium culture orally (T4, T5, and T6 groups) on the seventh day of age. The body weight, feed conversion ratio, faecal matter consistency, survival rate, mortality due to Salmonella, and bacterial counts were monitored at weekly intervals, while the pre-slaughter live weight, dressing percentage, immune organ percentage, haemato-biochemical parameters and sensory attributes of meat were analysed on the forty-second day.  Higher body weight (P<0.01) was observed in treatments fed with five per cent K. galanga (T3) followed by 2.50 per cent K. galanga (T2) in comparison to T1 throughout the study. A similar trend was observed in Salmonella challenged group, whereas higher body weight was observed in T6 followed by T5 (P<0.05). From the fourth week onwards, a significant change in the FCR of the T1, T2, and T3 groups was observed (P<0.05), whereas T3 (1.69 ± 0.07) exhibited better FCR followed by T2 (1.82 ± 0.07) and among Salmonella challenged treatments, a significantly better (P<0.05) FCR was shown by T6 (1.96 ± 0.13). Moreover, the caecal and liver counts of Salmonella tested negative on the fourth week of post-infection among the challenged groups (T5 and T6); however, T4 remained positive until the forty-second day. On analysis of faecal matter consistency, from the third week onwards, a significantly higher score was shown by T4 in comparison to T5 and T6 (P<0.05), and within the same group, the scores were increasing weekly in T4 (P<0.05). Furthermore, a higher pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, and dressing percentage were noted in T3 (2284.67 ± 6.96, 1649.00 ± 3.00, 72.18 ± 0.14) in comparison to T1 and T2 (P<0.01); similar results were observed in T6 (2125.33 ± 4.81, 1522.67 ± 12.02, 71.64 ± 0.50) among the challenged group. The survival rate was higher (P<0.01) in T2, T3 (without challenge group), and T5, T6 (with challenge). The mortality due to Salmonella spp. was observed in the T4 group only. In conclusion, feeding the birds with K. galanga at five and 2.50 per cent was found to result in higher body weight, better FCR, higher carcass weight, higher dressing percentage, better immunity and better survival rate, which could be further employed as a growth promoter.