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Author: ANUMOL JOSEPH × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2010 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ANAEMIA OF GOATS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HAEMOPARASITES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2011) ANUMOL JOSEPH; P. V. Tresamol
    The present study during the period January 2010 to December 2010 was mainly focused on epidemiological, diagnostic and clinico-therapeutic aspects of anaemia in goats. A total of 2515 goats brought to University Veterinary Hospitals Mannuthy and Kokkalai with different clinical illness and 350 goats belonging to different organized farms were screened for symptoms of anaemia. From the current study the overall prevalence of anaemia in goats was found to be 45.58 per cent. More incidence of anaemia was observed in female goats and goats of age group below six months. Anaemia was mostly prevalent in summer months. Two hundred and fifty anaemic animals were selected for detailed study and, among these animals, 102 (40.8 per cent) animals were having any of the endoparasitic infection, 54 animals (21.6 per cent) were infested with any of the ectoparasites, 20 animals (8 per cent) were infected with coccidiosis and haemoparasitic infection was noticed in 67 (26.8 per cent) animals. Strongylosis was the most common gastro intestinal helminthiasis of goats and by faecal culture it was revealed that Haemonchus was the most frequent among the blood sucking strongyles of this area. Fifty one goats which were found positive for strongyle infection by faecal sample examination were screened for anaemia using the anaemia scoring chart, FAMACHA chart. The chart was evaluated for use in Indian conditions by correlating with VPRC and faecal egg count. Ticks were the most common ectoparasite found among goats (38.89 per cent), followed by lice (27.78 per cent), mites (25.93 per cent) and fleas (7.40 per cent). The common ticks (Haemaphysalis), lice (Linognathus) Fleas (Ctenocephalides), Mites (Sacoptes, Psoroptes, Demodex) were identified. Using microscopic examination of blood smears, various haemoparasitic diseases such as anaplasmosis (46), theileriosis (13) and babesiosis (4) were diagnosed. Acridine orange staining was found to be superior to Giemsa staining for diagnosis of these haemoparasaites. PCR was found as the most sensitive test, followed by Acridine orange and Giemsa staining for diagnosis of anaplasmosis. The diagnosed cases were treated as per the standard treatment protocols and found that they were effective in curing the infection completely. Diminazine aceturate was found effective against at the dose of 12mg/kg body weight for Babesiosis and oxytetracycline at the dose of 10mg/kg body weight was found effective against both Anaplasmosis and Theileriosis. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by clinical response and estimating the haematological parameters 21 days after the treatment. Haematological parameters of anemic goats, biochemical analysis of serum, mineral levels in serum were also evaluated statistically. The present study revealed 45.58 per cent prevalence of anaemia among goat population, which were attributable to factors like endoparasitism, ectoparasitism, haemoparasitism and nutritional deficiencies and the FAMACHA system for anaemia scoring can be successfully used in our conditions as a good management programme for control of haemonchosis. Study also revealed that 16s rRNA amplification was a highly efficient technique for diagnosis of anaplasmosis.