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1998 - 19992
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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1998 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN BIGPESTICIDES AND IRRADIATIGN GN THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF MYIASIS PRODUCING FLIES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1998) SUBRAMANIAN., H.; Rajamohanan, K.; SUBRAMANIAN., H.
    A Study was undertaken on the prevalence of cutaneous myiasis in domestic animals and its control using biopesticides and gama ray irradiation. The prevalence of cutaneous myiasis in domestic animals were found to be 205 (2.08 per cent) among the 9861 animals screened. The peak of infestation was noted in the month of January. In-host-wise and parasite-wise the highest incidence was noted in cattle (63.41 per cent) and the majority of infestation was produced by Chrysomyia bezziana larvae (90.73 per cent) . Methoprene at 1 to 50 ppm concentration caused only moderate mortality on larvae but significantly increased the mortality rate on eggs, prolonged the larval phase, increased the formation of larval pupal intermediaries and adult deformities and reduced the adult emergence. Diflubenzuron at 0.5 to 5 ppm caused 55 to 100 per cent larvicidal effect due to lowered chitin content of 18.42 to 52.11 per cent in larval cuticle. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis produced only moderate larval mortality at 160 to 800 ppm in myiasis producing flies. Azadirectin at 10.5 to 15 ppm produced 100 per cent mortality in eggs and larvae. Significant antifeedant, ovipositional deterrent and repellant effects were also produced by Azadirectin. Among the extracts of Acorus calamus, studied, petroleum ether extract at 2.5 per cent concentration gave 82.5 to 100 per cent mortality of the larvae. Moderate antifeedant, ovipositional deterrent and repellant effects were also noticed. The petroleum ether extract produced 100 per cent sterility at 0.1 to 1 per cent concentration by preventing the development of ovarian follicles. Three day old pupae of myiasis producing flies exposed to rays gave excellent sterility effect at 2000 to 4000 rads radiation exposure without any other deleterious effect in the flies. Diflubenzuron at 5 ppm concentration showed the highest larvicidal effect. (88.5 per cent) in natural cases of cutaneous myiasis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HELMINTH PARASITES OF MAMMALS IN THRISSUR ZOO
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1999) VARADHARAJAN, A.; Pythal, C.; VARADHARAJAN, A.
    An investigation on the prevalence of helminthic infections among the wild mammals in captivity in the Thrissur Zoo and also the variations thereof on account of season, age and sex were carried out by regular faecal examination using the concentration method of centrifugation-cum-sedimentation technique, over a period of one year from May-'98 to April-'99. Non-specific symptoms like general weakness, debility, occasional diarrhoea, dehydration and respiratory distress with cough were observed in a variety of mammals. The overall prevalence of the' helminthic infection among the mammals was 68.05 per cent. Carnivores had the highest prevalence of infection (75.34%) when compared to herbivores (67.47%) and omnivores (65.35%). Strongyle, Strongyloides spirurid, ascarid, amphistome, Fasciola, Trichuris and Parascaris infections in a variety of herbivores; strongyle, Strongyloides, spirurid, Ancylostoma, Capillaria, Toxocara, Trichuris, Metagonimus, Artyfechinostomum and Hymenolepis infections in a variety of omnivores and Ancylostoma, Toxocara, Toxascaris, Strongyloides, Capillaria, spirurid, Diphyllobothrium, Hymenolepis and Paragonimus infections in a variety of carnivores were observed. A few specimens of Haemonchus contortus were recovered from the abomasum of a 6 year old female balckbuck during post-mortem examination. The overall prevalence of infection among the mammals was higher in the rainy seasons (South-West and North-East monsoons) than in the dry season. The prevalence of infection was higher in the adults of herbivores and omnivores than in the young ones of both the: groups. The prevalence was also higher in the males of herbivores and carnivores than in the females and was more or less equal in both sexes of omnivores. Treatments with Fenbendazole and Pyrantel Pamoate were effective against gastro-intestinal nematodes in camels and in Asiatic lions respectively. Control measures for the helminthic infections in the zoo mammals have also been sugcfested.