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2001 - 20032
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 2003 × Start date: 2000 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CANINE HEPATIC DISORDERS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2003) RENJITH. R.; P. C. Alex
    Study on 'Ultrasonographic evaluation of canine hepatic disorders was conducted on forty eight dogs to evaluate the utility of ultrasonography as a tool for early and better diagnosis of liver diseases and classify liver diseases based on ultrasonographic findings. Parameters studied were history and clinical signs, physical examination, ultrasonography of liver, ultrasound guided biopsy, haematology and serum biochemistry, post-mortem examination and histopathology. Specific clinical signs noticed were ascites and icterus. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension, yellowish discolouration of skin and hepatomegaly. Primary liver disorders identified by ultrasound scans were haematoma, lymphosarcoma, hepatitis due to leptospirosis, cirrhosis, llbrosis, fatty infiltration, chronic active hepatitis, portal hypertension and portosystemic shunt. Secondary changes noticed in liver were due to pyometra, proctitis and cholecystitis, hepatic calcification in chronic renal failure and passive venous congestion in right sided heart failure. Ultrasound guided biopsy confirmed lymphosarcoma, fattyinfiltration and chronic active hepatitis. Histological changes in leptospirosis were chronic venous and sinusoidal congestion whereas in cirrhosis, fibrosis and pseudolobulation were the prominent histological change. Alkaline phosphatase and Alanine aminotransferase levels were above normal values in all the cases studied. From the present study it was inferred that ultrasonography was a valuable tool for diagnosing hepatopathies along with clinico-pathological and ultrasound guided biopsy.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ABNORMALITIES IN CARDIAC DISORDERS OF DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2001) RAVINDRAN. P.; S. Ajithkumar
    In the present study, standard electrocardiogram patterns were worked out from sixty normal dogs. These dogs were grouped according to age groups like dogs below one year and above one year and different breeds like German Shepherd, Dobermann pmscher. Dachshund, Spitz and Mongrel. Based on the clinical signs and electrocardiogram abnormalities, thirteen dogs were grouped into (1) dogs with congestive heart failure, (2) dogs withventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia and (3) dogs with electolyte imbalance due to renal disease. Congestive heart failure was found to be more m geriatric small breeds like Dachshund and Spitz. Theclinical signs observed in dogs with CHF were anorexia, cough, exertional dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, orthopnoea, crackles, murmurs, syncope, cachexia and ascites. Clinical signs exhibited by the dogs with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia were anorexia, pale visible mucous membranes, weakness and respiratory distress. Dogs with electrolyte imbalance due to renal disease exhibited anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, malena, polydipsia, oliguria and anuria.The electrocardiographic signs exhibited by dogs with congestive heart failure were consistent with left atrial enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement, ventricular tachycardia and right bundle branch block. Dogs m group II had right and left ventricular enlargement as major electrocardiogram abnormality. Dogs in group III with renal disease exhibited tall and peaked T wave and prolonged 'Q-T- interval m electrocardiogram specifically on the chest leads. The prominent radiographic signs observed in dogs with CHF in the present study were left atrial enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement and tracheal elevation. Dogs in group II showed left ventricular enlargement, pericardial effusion and tracheal elevation. Group III animals had noradiographic signs of cardiac enlargement. Ultrasonographic evidence of cardiac involvement were present m three dogs, two with CHF and one with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia. The findings of postmortem examination of the heart m one dog with CHF were suggestive of mitral valvular insufficiency. Haematology showed no variations m dogs with CHF. Group II and III animals exhibited anaemia evidenced by haematological changes like low TEC, Hb and PCV. Group III animals had neutrophilia with lymphopenia. Group III also had microcytic anaemia.Serum values of CK and ALT were normal in all the three groups. Dogs with CHF showed elevated sodium level while group III with renal disease showed elevated potassium level. Group 11 animals had hypoprotemaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Group HI animals revealed severe hypoalbuminaemia, low albumin: globulin ratio and elevated serum creatinine