Thumbnail Image

Thesis

Browse

20112
Reset filters
Subject: Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2010 ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF MALASSEZIA DERMATITIS IN DOGSEPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF MALASSEZIA DERMATITIS IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2011) SARANYA. M. G; K. Vijayakumar
    The present study was mainly focused on epidemiological, diagnostic and clinico-therapeutic aspects of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs. A total of 52 animals were studied and diagnosed Malassezia dermatitis by impression smear examination of skin and in 43 cases yeasts were isolated by cultural method by using Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with olive oil supplement, out of the total of 1344 animals brought to the University Veterinary Hospitals at Kokkalai and Mannuthy from January 2010 to December 2010 with different dermatological problems. The incidence of Malassezia dermatitis were more observed in female dogs and in 1-3 years of age group. Labrador retriever dog was found to be affected more with the infection. All the animals were subjected to detailed clinical examination and all parameters under study such as signalment, history, physical examination, haematology, serum biochemistry and adoption of suitable therapy and treatment response were carried out. The data obtained were analyzed statistically. Clinical manifestations of Malassezia dermatitis included alopecia, pruritus, erythema, hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, seborrhea and lichenification in various combination. Both generalized and localized itching was observed. Clinical pathology revealed reduction in the haemoglobin content. Leucocyte counts were increased with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. Serum biochemistry revealed significant increase in the levels of total protein, and globulin while serum albumin was decreased. Significant decrease in the levels of serum copper was noticed when compared with that of control group. Five different therapeutic trials were conducted in five different experimental groups. Group 1 animals were treated with Ketoconazole at the dose rate of 10 mg per kg body weight daily orally for three weeks, showed a dramatic clinical response. Clinical examination of dogs at the end of treatment, revealed complete remission of lesions and signs of regrowth of hairs in affected areas in almost all dogs. Terbinafine at the dose rate of 5 mg per kg body weight once orally daily given in group II animals was proved to be not effective against Malassezia dermatitis at this dose rate. In group III animals topical application of two per cent boric acid plus acetic acid lotion was given and complete remission of lesions was noticed in mild cases of Malassezia dermatitis only. But relapse was noticed in some cases. In chronic cases of Malassezia dermatitis boric acetic acid lotion cause reduction in lesions but complete remission of lesions was not obtained within three weeks period. In Group IV animals were treated with topical application of ketoconazole-chlorhexidine shampoo and it was found to be effective in reducing the lesions, but the course of treatment was long. Ketoconazole at the dose rate of 10 mg per kg body weight was given once daily orally along with topical application of Ketoconazole-chlorhexidine shampoo in group V animals and it was found to be most effective. Complete remission of lesions was noticed within three weeks period and also the shampoo gives a residual activity against the yeasts. 23s rRNA typing was done for typing the various isolates of Malassezia species obtained by cultural examination of the samples collected from skin lesions associated with Malassezia dermatitis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ANAEMIA OF GOATS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HAEMOPARASITES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2011) ANUMOL JOSEPH; P. V. Tresamol
    The present study during the period January 2010 to December 2010 was mainly focused on epidemiological, diagnostic and clinico-therapeutic aspects of anaemia in goats. A total of 2515 goats brought to University Veterinary Hospitals Mannuthy and Kokkalai with different clinical illness and 350 goats belonging to different organized farms were screened for symptoms of anaemia. From the current study the overall prevalence of anaemia in goats was found to be 45.58 per cent. More incidence of anaemia was observed in female goats and goats of age group below six months. Anaemia was mostly prevalent in summer months. Two hundred and fifty anaemic animals were selected for detailed study and, among these animals, 102 (40.8 per cent) animals were having any of the endoparasitic infection, 54 animals (21.6 per cent) were infested with any of the ectoparasites, 20 animals (8 per cent) were infected with coccidiosis and haemoparasitic infection was noticed in 67 (26.8 per cent) animals. Strongylosis was the most common gastro intestinal helminthiasis of goats and by faecal culture it was revealed that Haemonchus was the most frequent among the blood sucking strongyles of this area. Fifty one goats which were found positive for strongyle infection by faecal sample examination were screened for anaemia using the anaemia scoring chart, FAMACHA chart. The chart was evaluated for use in Indian conditions by correlating with VPRC and faecal egg count. Ticks were the most common ectoparasite found among goats (38.89 per cent), followed by lice (27.78 per cent), mites (25.93 per cent) and fleas (7.40 per cent). The common ticks (Haemaphysalis), lice (Linognathus) Fleas (Ctenocephalides), Mites (Sacoptes, Psoroptes, Demodex) were identified. Using microscopic examination of blood smears, various haemoparasitic diseases such as anaplasmosis (46), theileriosis (13) and babesiosis (4) were diagnosed. Acridine orange staining was found to be superior to Giemsa staining for diagnosis of these haemoparasaites. PCR was found as the most sensitive test, followed by Acridine orange and Giemsa staining for diagnosis of anaplasmosis. The diagnosed cases were treated as per the standard treatment protocols and found that they were effective in curing the infection completely. Diminazine aceturate was found effective against at the dose of 12mg/kg body weight for Babesiosis and oxytetracycline at the dose of 10mg/kg body weight was found effective against both Anaplasmosis and Theileriosis. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by clinical response and estimating the haematological parameters 21 days after the treatment. Haematological parameters of anemic goats, biochemical analysis of serum, mineral levels in serum were also evaluated statistically. The present study revealed 45.58 per cent prevalence of anaemia among goat population, which were attributable to factors like endoparasitism, ectoparasitism, haemoparasitism and nutritional deficiencies and the FAMACHA system for anaemia scoring can be successfully used in our conditions as a good management programme for control of haemonchosis. Study also revealed that 16s rRNA amplification was a highly efficient technique for diagnosis of anaplasmosis.