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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    POST-HATCH DEVELOPMENT OF PREEN GLAND IN THE DUCK {Anas platyrhynchos)
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2005) S. RAJATHI; N. ASHOK
    Studies on the post-hatch development of the preen gland in ducks were conducted using 44 ducks from the day of hatch till 150 days of age. The project was taken up to trace the structure and development of the glands and their relationship with the age and body weight. After recording gross relations and measurements, the material was fixed using various fixatives for studying the cellular details, arrangement of cells, connective tissue framework, micrometry and histochemistry. The preen gland was a paired organ with a common cylindrical papilla. The two glands together formed a 'V shaped structure. Each gland was pear shaped and pale yellow in colour, in fresh state. They were located on the dorsal surface of the pygostyle. Both the right and left glands had separate ducts. The uropygial circlet was seen at the tip of the papilla. The glands were vascularized through a pair of branches from the caudal artery and innnervated through the medial caudal nerve. The weight of the preen glands increased progressively from the day of hatch to 150 days of age. This weight was positively correlated with the age and body weight. The proportion of the gland weight to the body weight showed a decreasing trend. The right gland was slightly heavier, longer, wider and thicker than the left. The length, breadth and thickness were positively correlated with the age and body weight. Structurally, the glands were simple, branched, tubular and holocrine type. The richly vascularised connective tissue capsule was eomposed of collagen and reticular fibres. Elastic and smooth muscle fibres were absent. The secretory tubules showed two zones, an outer zone or zone I, near the capsule and an inner zone or zone II, towards the primary cavity. The epithelium of the tubules consisted of basal, intermediate and transitional layers. The papilla had two ducts, which were lined by glandular epithelium initially and keratinized stratified stratified squamous epithelium at the tip. The glandular epithelium was surrounded by longitudinally arranged smooth muscle fibres and skin. Lamellar corpuscles and circlet feather follicles were noticed in the papilla. Capsule, trabeculae and the parenchyma were PAS positive. Glycogen and acid mucopolysaccharides were not detected. Lipids were evident uniformly in all the cell layers. The acid phosphatase activity was moderate in the basal and intermediate layers and strong in the transitional layer. The alkaline phosphatase activity was moderate in the basal and intermediate layers and weak in transitional layer of outer zone. It was moderate in the basal and intermediate layers and intense in the transitional layer of inner zone. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the thickness of capsule, width of the two zones and the primary cavity with the advance of age.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF RUMINANT STOMACH OF GOAT
    (1981-07-31) JOSE JOHN, CHUNGATH; Radhakrishnan, K
    Gross and microscopic anatomy of the stomach of twenty adult goats, including blood supply and nerve sup ply have been investigated. Linear, weight and capacity measurements were recorded in relation to body length and weight. The disposition of inner mucosa of various stomach compartments was also studied. The caudo-ventral blind sac of rximen of goat, unlike that of other ruminants, extended more caudally than the dorsal one. Dorsal coronary grooves were absent. The right ventral coronary groove was distinct and reached the ventral border of rumen. The omasum was the smallest and oval in shape. The a}x>masum was comparatively larger in goats. The conpoiand stomach in adult goat weighed 3,45 per cent of intact body weight. The volume of different stomach con^artments as percentage of total stomach were 73, 7, 2 and 18 for rumen, reticulxam, omasiim and abomasum respectively. The wet tissue weights of different compart ments as percentage of total stomach were about 66, 9, 8 and 17 for rumen, reticuliim, omasum and abomasum respectively.Basically, the mlcrosTOpic structure of goat stomach resembled closely that of other uruminaats. The forestomach had the non-glandular cutaneous mucous membrane, a connective tissue sxib mucosa, a two layered muscvilar tunic and a serosa. The omasum and abomasum presented the muscularis raucosae. The abomasum had glandular epithelium with the cardiac, fiindic and pyloric regions. The different con^jartments of stomach of goats was innervated by the dorsal and ventral branches of the vagus. The arterial supply was by the branches of coelic artery.