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20171
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Subject: Epidemiology × Author: Arthi, A × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR DETECTION AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE BABESIOSIS
    (College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy, 2017) Arthi, A; Tresamol, P V
    Canine piroplasmosis caused by Babesia canis and B. gibsoni is increasingly being detected among dogs in Kerala. The present work was carried out to study the epidemiology, protozoal etiology, haemato-biochemical alterations and ultrasonographic changes in liver and spleen, in canine babesiosis, to diagnose babesiosis using blood smear examination and PCR and to compare the efficacy of various treatment protocols. Diagnosis of babesiosis was performed by direct microscopic observation of intra-erythrocytic piroplasms in stained blood smears and by PCR. A total of 200 blood samples from dogs suspected for canine babesiosis were collected from different breeds, gender and age group of animals. Blood smear examination revealed B. canis piroplasms in 38 dogs and B. gibsoni piroplasms in 112 dogs. Polymerase chain reaction using genus specific PCR yielded amplicons specific for Babesia spp. in 156 samples. Species specific PCR for B. canis yielded positive results in 38 samples and that of B. gibsoni in 118 samples. The sub-species specific primers confirmed the B. canis organism as B. canis vogeli, in all 38 positive samples. Overall prevalence of canine babesiosis was estimated to be 78 per cent and 75 per cent by conventional staining technique and PCR respectively. Higher incidence of B. canis infection was seen in the age group of six months to one year in breed Rottweilers and in female dogs. Higher incidence of B. gibsoni infection was seen in the age group of one to five years in breed Labrador retrievers and in female dogs. The most frequent clinical signs recorded in B. canis infection include pyrexia, anorexia, vomiting, pallor or congestion of conjunctival mucous membrane and lymphadenopathy whereas, in B. gibsoni infection signs include pyrexia, anorexia, lethargy, pallor of mucous membrane, emaciation, jaundice, voiding of dark yellow or coffee coloured urine. Atypical signs like syncope, abortion, ascites, vasculitis, limb oedema and scrotal oedema were also observed. Tick infestation was observed in both infections. Ultrasonographic evaluation in 20 B. canis affected dogs and 33