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1994 - 199932000 - 20055
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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × End date: 2009 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF ASCITES IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2005) JEGAVEERA PANDIAN. S.; Usha Narayana Pillai
    Study entitled "Clinical and Ultrasonographic Investigation of Ascites in ■ Dogs" was conducted in ten dogs. The study aimed at understanding the etiopathogenesis of ascites in dogs. The parameters observed were signalment, history and detailed clinical examination, electrocardiography, ultrasonography of liver, kidney and heart, course of illness, estimation of haemoglobin concentration packed cell volume(PCV), total plasma protein, albumin. A: G ratio, liver enzymes like alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protein content in ascitic fluid , ascitic fluid to plasma protein ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, sodium and potassium. Inappetance and lethargy were observed in dogs with liver diseases. Cardiac palpitation, loud heart sounds and strong femoral pulse were noticed in dogs with CHF. Non- specific and vague signs were noticed in dogs with nephrotic syndrome. Deep 'Q' waves in leads I, II and aVF, prolonged 'QRS' duration, S-T slurring, tall 'R' waves, mild sinus arrhythmia and Si, S2 and S3 pattern were the abnormal EGG findings in dogs with CHF. No marked changes could be observed in the ECG of dogs with ascites of hepatic and renal origin. Ultrasonography of liver revealed hyperechogenicity of parenchyma, specks of hyperechogenicity and mildly echogenic gall bladder contents in three out of five dogs with ascites of hepatic origin. Two dogs had uneven and eroded borders along with hyperechoic liver parenchyma in dogs with ascites of hepatic origin. Nephrosonogram was unremarkable in all the ten dogs. Ultrasonographic findings and serum biochemical findings were coinciding with each other. Ultrasonography was an efficient tool in studying the changes of liver parenchyma and portal vasculature. ECG in cardiac diseases was complementary to echocardiography. Echocardiography was efficient in diagnosing DCM (two dogs) and HCM (one dog). All the dogs with liver diseases had mild to marked elevation in serum levels of ALT and/ or ALP. Hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in dogs with liver and kidney diseases. Liver and kidney function tests were umemarkable in dogs with nephrotic syndrome and heart diseases. Treatment regimen involved administration of furosemide and/ or furosemide + spironolactone, silymarin, Liv- 52 Vet, enalapril, digoxin and prednisolone as the case may be. Six out of 10 dogs survived beyond 30 days following the therapy instituted. Nephrotic syndrome in dogs could be concluded by progressing hypoproteinemia especially hypoalbuminemia, low- protein ascites, negative ECG and echocardiographic findings and non- responsiveness to therapy. Nephrotic syndrome can be confirmed by biopsy and / or urine protein: creatinine ratio. Liver diseases can be confirmed and characterized only with biopsy.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    METABOLIC PROFILE OF DOWNER COW' SYNDROME
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 1994) MHACHUVINO CATHERINE KHATSU; K.M. Alikutty
    The metabolic profile of 'Downer Cow' Syndrome in field condition was studied. Fourteen field cases of 'Downers' in crossbred dairy cows aged three to thirteen years, ranging from 250 to 300 kg body weight from Trichur district were selected at random and utilized for the study. Fourteen apparently healthy crossbred dairy cows of similar age group and body weight, maintained under similar conditions of feeding and management from the area from which the clinical cases studied were also selected at random and utilized as the healthy controls. Samples of blood for haematological and biochemical parameters, urine and dung from both healthy and diseased animals were collected and analysed using standard methods. Analyses of the data from fourteen diseased animals indicated a higher incidence in Jersey crossbred cows during summer season. Prominent clinical signs were sternal recumbency exhibiting hindquarter weakness and reduced feed and water intake. However, the affected animals remained bright and alert with no evidence of any systemic disturbances. The clinical data were within physiological limit. Highly significant increase in PCV and significant increase in Hb but no significant difference in ESR, RBC and WBC were observed. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia and eosinopenia were observed with no variation in ta sophils and monocytes counts. Biochemically, hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were obtained from 'Downers' with no significant variation in blood glucose, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, magnesium and albumin/globulin ratio. Urinalysis revealed no consistent result indicative of any systemic involvement and no parasitism on dung examination microscopically.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 1999) MADHU RAJAN MATHEWS; N.M. Aleyas
    Fifty dermatological diseases in dogs presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkaiai and Veterinary College Hospital, Mannuthy were systematically investigated to find out the etiology. The results indicated that the conditions were mostly caused by bacteria and ectoparasites (42% each) and only a small proportion was caused by fungi (4%) and other factors (12%), Sixteen different clinical conditions were identified viz. Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis, Impetigo, Gentian Shepherd Pyoderma, Furunculosis, Infantile Pustular Dermatoses. Localised Demodicosis, Generalised Demodicosis. Flea Bite Hypersensitivity. Flea Bite Dermatitis, Tick infestation. Pediculosis. Dermatophytosis, Dermatomycosis produced by non-dermatophyte. Callus Pyoderma. Telogen Defluxion, Irritant Contact Dermatitis and Lentigo. Among the dogs which were investigated, non-descript ones were mostly affected probably due to lesser care and attention given to them. The results suggested that animals kept full time indoor or outdoor were almost equally affected whereas animals reared under semi intensive system were less prone to dermatological diseases In almost all conditions secondat^ lesions were predominant than primary lesions probably due to the delay in medical attention The only condition, with primary lesions alone, was lentigo. Lesions of bacterial dermatitis were pi'edominant in the abdomen, hind legs and trunk. In dermatophytosis. ear, trunk and hind legs were affected, where as in dermatomycosis, head, trunk, hind legs and fore legs were aiTected The lesions produced by ectoparasites were mostly in the back followed by trunk and fore legs No characteristic distribution of les'ons could be detected in other conditions, with an exception of callus pyoderma in which lesions were seen at the pressure points The different clinical bacterial dermatitis were produced by Staphylococcus imcrmediiis. Ectoparasitic conditions were mostly produced by I)ennkJex cams. followed by fleas, ticks and lice Some cases of the ectoparasitic conditions developed secondary bacterial infection with S. intermedius There were four clinical conditions, namely callus pyoderma, telogen defluxion, irritant contact dermatitis and lentigo caused by factors other than bacteria, fungi and ectoparasites The haematological and serum biochemical parameters studied did not suggest any systemic diseases. A significant reduction in haemoglobin level was noticed in impetigo, generalised demodicosis and flea bite hypersensitivitv RBC counts were significantly reduced in impetigo and folliculitis The total leukocyte count showed sienificant difference from thcit of control animals, in conditions such as folliculitis. German Shepherd Pvoderma. fuainculosis. localised demodicosis. ueneralised demodicosis. tlea bile hvpersensitivity. tlea bite dermatitis, tick infestation and callus pvoderma: suggesting primary or secondary bacterial infections
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF INTESTINAL IMPACTION IN ELEPHANTS (Elephas maximus indicus)
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 1999) JAYAKRISHNAN. T. N.; P.C. Alex
    The present study was undertaken to analyze the haematological and biochemical alterations in elephants affected with gastro-intestinal tract impaction. The epidemiology, clinical findings and haematology were the main items of observations. Six elephants affected with gastro-intestinal tract impaction lasting for more than four days in and around Thrissur district were utilized for the study. Six apparently healthy elephants in and around Thrissur district were selected at random and utilized as the healthy controls. The detailed history was collected using a questionnaire (Annexure I). Sample of whole blood and serum from the animals of the healthy and diseased groups were collected and analysed. Haematological values consisting of ESR, PCV, Hb, TEC, TEC and DEC were recorded. Urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, total protein, creatinine, bicarbonate, lactate and AST in the serum were estimated using standard methods. Analysis of the data indicated that the disease was more common in male elephants than in females. The incidence was more in summer season i.e., during the season of festivals. Characteristic clinical symptoms were absence of defaecation for more than 24 hours, varying degrees of straining, exudation from recitum and varying degrees of dehydration. Clinical data were within physiological limits on the day of collection of blood sample, i.e. on the fourth day after the development of clinical symptoms. A highly significant increase in PCV but without significant alterations in Hb, ESR, TEC, TEC and DEC were observed in elephants affected with gastro-intestinal tract impaction. Biochemical changes in blood included a highly significant increase in urea-nitrogen and lactate levels. Highly significant decrease in the level of chloride was noticed. Significant increase in the level of bicarbonate was noticed. Decrease in the levels of glucose and potassium in the affected elephants was significant. Variations in total protein, sodium, creatinine and aspartate amino transferase in the blood were not significant. Changes in the parameters observed in elephants with gastro-intestinal tract impaction in the present study indicated that mild metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia and hypokalemia were associated with this condition. Intensive treatment with a balanced electrolyte solution/ Dextrose saline/ gastric replacement solutions is recommended in the early stages of gastro-intestinal tract impaction.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY OF VOMITING IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) MURALY, P.; . Baby, P.G
    The study "INVESTIGATIONS ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY OF Vomiting in Dogs" was conducted in 20 dogs to evaluate ultrasonography and radiography as diagnostic tools in vomiting dogs; to assess hydration status, electrolyte and acid-base balance in vomiting dogs and to correlate clinico-pathologic findings with radiographic and ultrasonographic changes. Various parameters such as history, physical examination, hydration status, ultrasonography, radiography-plain and contrast, haematology, serum biochemistry, and wherever possible histopathology were studied. Most of the dogs under study had bile stained watery vomitus but dogs with pyloric stenosis had frothy or watery white vomitus. The frequency of vomiting in dogs with gastritis and gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction was two to seven times per day, it was variable in dogs with hepatic and renal disorders, but was associated with food intake in dogs with pyloric stenosis. Physical examination was found useful in dogs with GI obstruction, while it was non-specific in dogs with gastritis and renal disorders. Capillary refill time (CRT) and degree of sunken eye balls were helpful to assess dehydration. Estimation of volume of packed red cells (VPRC) was found beneficial to assess dehydration unless the dogs are anemic. Ultrasonography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, but was useful to detect GI obstructions due to pyloric stenosis, intussusception and foreign body and to characterise lesions in the parenchymal organs like liver and kidney. While plain radiographs could give indication to possible non-radiopaque GI obstructions, contrast radiography was required to confirm. Radiography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, hepatic and chronic intestitial nephritis. Hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis was the significant electrolyte and acid-base derangement in dogs with vomiting due to gastritis and GI obstructions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON MYCOTIC DERMATITIS IN CATTLE
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY, 2000) ARUN RAPHAEL, P; Jayakumar, K M
    A study was designed in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy to understand the occurrence and etiology of various dermatological problems in cattle. Clinico-pathological changes and the efficacy of various lines of treatment were also mvestigated. The occurrence for the period from January-1994 to December-1998 was found to be 4.49 per cent, 38.32 per cent of the cases being mycotic dermatitis, 31.95 per cent fly bite dermatitis/ectoparasitic dermatitis and 29.73 per cent non specific dermatological disorders. Detailed clinical examination of cattle with mycotic dermatitis revealed scaling, pruritis, alopecia, increased skin thickness and hypopigmentation of hairs. Presence of biting flies were also recorded. Skin scrapings collected and examined under microscope revealed presence of ectcthrix arrangement of fungal spores. Organisms isolated by fungal culture were Thchophyton vermcosum T. mentagrophytes, Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. Neutrophilia, eosinophilia, lower copper and zinc values in blood were observed in mycotic dermatitis. In fly bite/ectoparasitic dermatitis, along with lower copper values in blood, slightly lower albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and eosinophilia were detected. In animals with non-specific dermatological problems along with eosinophiiia, lower values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, copper, zinc, total protein and albumin were recorded. Histopathological studies revealed chronic dermatitis, with marked lymphocytic infiltration, epidermal hyperplasia and shedding of keratinised scales in non-specific dermatological problems. In cases of mycotic dermatitis invasion of fungi beneath stratum coraeum, hair follicle and hyperkeratosis, were noticed. Complete recovery was noticed in all animals treated with Cassia alata leaves paste and Bordeaux mixture - 1 per cent in 21 days. Seven out of eight animals responded to topical application of tincture iodine and glycerine (1:1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICAL PROPAEDEUTICS AND RUMEN FLUID CHANGES IN POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA OF GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2000) PAME T., MALIEKAL; Alex, P.C.
    A Study on Polioencephalomalacia was conducted in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, for a period of two years (1998 and 1999). The epidemiology, clinical findings, changes in rumen fluid, haematology and serum biochemical changes were studied in PEM affected goats. Six goats affected with Polioencephalomalacia and that responded to thiamine therapy were utilised for this study. Detailed history was collected. Samples of rumen fluid and whole blood from the healthy and diseased animals were collected and analysed. Rumen liquor parameters, viz., physical characters, microbial activity, total volatile fatty acids, total acidity, lactate and ammonia levels were recorded. Haematological parameters like Hb, PCV, ESR, TEC, TLC and DLC were recorded. Glucose, total protein, albumin, lactate, pyruvate, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the serum were estimated. The disease occurred throughout the year with maximum occurrence in the monsoon and post-monsoon period. Occurrence was more in females and in the age group of six months to five years. History suggested carbohydrate rich diet as one of the predisposing factor for the development of Polioencephalomalacia in Kerala. The clinical symptoms noted were nystagmus, lateral deviation of head, circling and lying only on one side. A highly significant increase in the lactate content of rumen fluid, was noted in goats affected with Polioencephalomalacia. Haematology revealed significant neutrophilia and lymphopaenia indicating stress condition. Biochemical changes in the serum revealed significant increase in glucose, lactate and pyruvate levels. The increase in lactate level in the rumen fluid was not enough to induce marked lowering of the rumen pH. Detailed cultural studies are needed to detect the changes in rumen microbial flora in diseased goats. Increased blood lactate and pyruvate levels indicated thiamine insufficiency.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDY OF RUMINAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2000) ANIL J., THACHIL; Baby, P.G
    Twelve goats with history and symptoms suggestive of nominal acidosis were divided into two groups (I and II). Six healthy goats were also served as controls. Detailed ciinicai examination, recording of olinicai data, sampling and analysis of rumen liquor and blood were done at zero hour, one hour, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of the study. Therapeutic management of group I was done by giving five per cent sodium ^foarbonate solution intravenously at a dose rate of 5 mi / kg ; whereas in group II it was replaced with a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate (carbicarb) intravenously at a dose rate of 4 mi / kg. Animals of group I and II were given dexamethasone 20 mg intravenously, evacuated rumen contents and given magnesium hydroxide and oxytetracyciine orally. Supportive treatments were done with fluids, vitamin B complex injection daily and transfer of fresh rumen liquor on second or third day in both groups. The clinical signs noticed were anorexia, dullness, low carriage of head, dry muzzle, sunken eyes, tending of skin, oliguria, distended abdomen, cold extremities and retractea eye balls. There was improvement in the pulse quality and also considerable reduction in respiratory rate noticed in animals of group II than in group I at 24 h of treatment. In both groups, the rumen liquor colour, odour, consistency and protozoal motility became normal, SAT and MBRT showed improvement and elevated rumen liquor lactic acid became normal by 72 h. Elevated haemoglobin, PCV, TEC, TLC and neutrophilia also became normal. Improvement in serum bicarbonate level was marked in group II than in group I at 24 h and 48 h of treatment. Serum lactic acid showed significant increase at zero hour in group I and II, but came to normal in group II at 72 h, but not in group I. Elevated serum protein level at zero hour also came to normal. Clinical assessment throughout the study revealed that all animals of group II appeared more alert and active and recovered earlier than in group I.