Loading...
Theses
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Genome wide association mapping for stem water soluble carbohydrates in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal water stress(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11-26) Gaur, Arpit; Jindal, YogeshGenomic assisted breeding is one way to improve drought stress tolerance in wheat. To uncover the genomic regions for grain yield, its attributing traits, water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and its components mainly fructans, a comprehensive multidisciplinary study was conducted with a diverse set of 302 bread wheat genotypes. All the genotypes were evaluated under complete irrigation, rainfed and complete water stressed condition for two consecutive crop seasons at three locations (Hisar, Karnal and Baramati). The study indicated significant effect of different water regimes and locations on the expression of traits and as much as 80% of yield reduction was reported under DT. Seven promising drought tolerant verities were identified on the basis of drought susceptibility index. In this study, correlation between yield and studied traits largely varied with environmental and water conditions. However, shorter plant height, longer grain filling duration, days to heading, thousand kernel weight (35-40 g) is the most favorable trait combination for obtaining high grain yield under studied conditions. Positive correlation of WSCs with grain yield was reported only for drought tolerant genotypes. High values of all the genetic components were reported for all the traits within environments, however in pooled over management these values ranged between low to moderate for most of the studied traits due to genotype x environment. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, spikelet per spike and thousand kernel weight were least influenced with genotype x environment interaction thus found suitable for selection of grain yield. Substantial genetic diversity was reported in the studied material which was attributed by each of the studied trait equally. With 35K Axiom array and applying compressed mixed linear model, 431 stable SNPs were identified for 20 studied traits in 1288986.92 cM genomic region of bread wheat. These SNPs explained ca. 30-53% of phenotypic variations. Of 431 stable SNPs 77 were showing pleiotropy for various traits. Five SNPs (AX-94583229, AX-94879209, AX-94759517, AX-94887053 and AX-94964616) for fructans and total non-structural carbohydrates, three (AX-94508292, AX-95257620 and AX-94456473) for days to heading and one (AX-94412521) for plant height were most significant. In functional analysis of significant SNPs, 249 genes were identified which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism and repair mechanism. Only few were reported with direct involvement in stress responses. In an in silco study 104 genes (TaFruc) transcribing into stable protein associated with fructans metabolism were identified. All of these were involved in either hydrolase or transferase activities of glycosyl groups of soluble sugars. These genes were found expressive under different stress conditions, mainly water stress. To facilitate the future breeding programs a total of 189 SSR molecular markers and 60 micro RNAs have been predicted successfully for TaFruc genes.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of the repellent properties of indigenous essential oils against the rodent species(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07-25) Varsha; RavikantRodents are one of the most persistent and ubiquitous vertebrate pests that affect the human population. It is an indoor pest, and various rodenticides are used for its management. Studies of the repellent effect of botanically extracted essential oils of plants citronella & cinnamon were conducted on Mus musculus in the Department of Zoology & Aquaculture. Among different concentrations (5, 10, 20%), the 20% concentration carries the maximum repellent effect on house mice (Mus musculus). There were different modes of application of essential oils. Still, among the four observed during the study (direct application on coarse wheat grains, application on gunny bags containing coarse wheat grains, mixing of essential oil with wax and coating it on gunny bags filled with wheat grains, wax blocks made using the essential oil, paraffin wax and coarse wheat grains); direct application of essential oil on coarse wheat grains has more effect as repellent meanwhile essential oil mixed with wax and wheat grains has longer lasting impact along with maintaining the efficient repellent property. There can be different frequencies of application and out of which three were used during the experiment (daily, alternate days, once a week), out of which daily application was comparatively more efficient than the remaining two. Still, when it comes to per cent repellency and overall efficiency, the weekly application was best. Overall, 20% concentration treatment of essential oil in wax blocks weekly has the best results. When comparing mean food consumption and weight gain between males and females, males consumed more food than females, and weight gain was also higher in males, but females were more active throughout. The overall effect of essential oil treatment on both gender, female mice were comparatively more repelled than male.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of biomordants on dyeability of cotton fabric with natural dye(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Neeta; Arya, NishaIncreasing concern about environmental pollution in all sphere of life has raised grave concern and heated debates around the world about the concept of ecology and environment. In the present time, commercially viable alternative methods for preparing and finishing cotton substrates based on the use of biomordants have emerged. Keeping in view the current scenario of environmental consciousness, the present study has been planned to assess the effect of biomordant on dyeing efficacy of cotton with natural dye substituting metal based mordant and salts. Standardization of biomordanting process for two biomordants i.e. harad and heena was done on the basis of dye absorption, colour strength and wash fastness rating for different concentrations and treatment conditions. The desized and scoured fabric were pre-treated with selected two biomordants and dyed with selected natural dye. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis of biomordanted fabric samples. SEM analysis demonstrated plain surface of biomordant treated sample. The colour coordinates, colour strength and colour fastness of the biomordant treated dyed samples were assessed. Various mechanical, performance and functional properties of the biomordant treated dyed fabric were also tested. Comparative analysis was also done between scoured fabric treated with biomordants and dyed with natural dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were pre mordanting stage with 5 and 10 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio, 6 and 4 pH, 60° and 80°C treatment temperature and 60 and 45 minutes treatment time for heena and harad, respectively. Both the biomordant treated dyed samples exhibited good (4) to very good (4/5) colour fastness properties. The results revealed that among both the biomordants treated dyed fabrics, heena treated dyed fabric showed maximum increase in bending length (2.39 cm) and heena treated dyed sample showed highest increase in elongation (29.68%), crease recovery angle (113 degree), moisture regain (10 %) and wickability (3.86cm). The heena treated and Babool bark dyed fabric showed the highest UPF value (56.89) indicating excellent protection category while in harad treated dyed fabric UPF value was (48.76). The biomordants treated dyed fabrics showed bacterial resistance against E. coli (93.35%) and S. aureus (88.07%). Thus, it is concluded that biomordants treatment enhanced the dyeing efficacy of the cotton fabric with better colour fastness properties. The biomordant treatment and Babool bark dye improved the mechanical and performance properties of cotton fabric with very good to excellent protection from UV radiation and bacterial attack. Hence, the biomordants are suitable replacement materials for cotton fabric in textile wet processing due to their positive response towards environment and no harmful effect on fabric properties.ThesisItem Open Access Mapping and Monitoring of Agroforestry areas in Yamunanagar, Ambala and Panchkula districts of Haryana state using Geospatial techniques(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2021-07-30) Bojja Harish Babu; Bimlendra KumariThe study was conducted to map and monitor the agroforestry areas in Yamunanagar, Ambala and Panchkula districts of Haryana state from the year 2000 to 2019 through geospatial techniques using LISS-III (2000, 2005 and 2010) and LISS-IV (2015 and 2019) satellite data. Apart from mapping and monitoring, an attempt has been made to identify potential agroforestry sites like scrubs, fallows and piedmont areas on LISS-IV dataset of 2019 by on screen digitization technique for future cultivation of agroforestry species by farmers in the study area. Supervised method of classification technique was adopted to classify LU/LC classes like agroforestry, agriculture, forest, built-up, waterbodies, plantations and riverbed areas. The results of the study revealed that, agroforestry area delineated in Yamunanagar for the year 2000 (3,898.62 ha), 2005 (5,403.17 ha), 2010 (7,134.90 ha), 2015 (14,650.51 ha) and 2019 (17,022.76 ha). In Ambala 2000 (2,696.48 ha), 2005 (3,745.33 ha), 2010 (7,400.92 ha), 2015 (12,350.91 ha) and 2019 (15,552.53 ha). In Panchkula 2000 (1,098.15 ha), 2005 (1,212.8 ha), 2010 (1,784.03 ha), 2015 (2,034.87 ha) and 2019 (2,367.12 ha). The accuracy of the image classification was delineated based on the ground truth data and accuracy found in agroforestry was 90% for Yamunanagar, 95% for Ambala and 93% for Panchkula districts By the extraction of vector layers from the classified raster image, blockwise monitoring of agroforestry areas was delineated and change in various categories of LU/LC by performing overlay analysis in ArcGIS platform was detected and results revealed were (5,678.5 ha) in Yamunanagar, (6,783.6 ha) in Ambala and (1,202.6 ha) in Panchkula, the agriculture areas were converted to agroforestry areas from the year 2000 to 2010 and (14,486.6 ha) in Yamunanagar, (13,534.8 ha) in Ambala and (1,866.2 ha) in Panchkula, the agriculture areas were converted to agroforestry areas from the year 2010 to 2019. Based on the groundwater quality, soil condition and rainfall factor in the study area, potential sites were digitized, the results revealed that, about 10,525.76 ha of the potential sites were identified and mapped in Yamunanagar, around 12,179. 85 ha in Ambala and 4,023 ha in Panchkula districts. Based on the study, it is concluded that with the use of LISS-III and LISS-IV satellite data accurate mapping of agroforestry areas can be delineated which would help the planners in monitoring and identification of hotspots for suitable interventions in the districts.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of advanced wheat lines for stripe rust resistance and grain quality(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Bhawna; Bhawna; Yadav, Neelam R.; Yadav, Neelam R.Biofortification of staple foods like wheat without any yield penalty is of utmost importance. Advanced lines introgressed with Gpc-B1 allele were used in the study. The Gpc-B1 allele co-segregated with Yr36 yellow rust resistance gene in all the advanced lines. All WH711-derived advanced wheat lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele. Seven advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8-3, WL-8-5, WL-8-6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8) were confirmed for Yr18 while six advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8- 6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8, WL-8-9) were positive for Yr17 gene. All five PBW343-derived advanced lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele presence. Three advanced lines (PL-8-2, PL-8-3, PL-8-4) displayed the presence of the Yr18 gene. Two advanced lines (Pl-8-3, PL-8-5) confirmed presence of the Yr17 gene. All the advanced wheat lines derived from WH711 as well as from PBW343 displayed very high levels of resistance against yellow rust and better agronomic characteristics than the parents. Positive correlation was observed in yield and yield related traits. The hectoliter weights of PBW343-derived lines indicated their superiority in terms of good flour recovery than PBW343 and comparable to the checks. WH711- and PBW343- derived advanced wheat lines show better gluten quality and high quantity in sedimentation test. Gpc-B1 allele introgression provided high GPC in WH711 derived advanced wheat lines. Iron and zinc contents of both WH711-derived and PBW343-derived advanced wheat lines were at par when compared to either parent and checks, indicating successful bio fortification of both micronutrients. Two of the WH711-derived lines are being further tested in IPPSN/station trials.ThesisItem Open Access Development of an efficient protocol for micropropagation of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Swati Rani; Upendra KumarStrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is the most important fruit worldwide. Micropropagation is mainly for the clonal multiplication.Strawberry cvs. Grenada and Petaluma were micropropagated for rapid shoot and root multiplication. Meristematic part and leaf primordia is source of explants. Foe the sterilization process, the explants were dipped in two to three drops of Tween 20 per 100 ml for 10 minutes with distilled water, 0.5% Bavisitin & Streptocycline for 30 mintues with antimicrobial supplement and 0.1% HgCL2 for 2 minutes gave the maximum aseptic cultures. After the surface sterilization of meristemetic part of plants 3-5 mm long was used as a explant. Multiplication stage results indicate that highest auxiliary buds were observed when MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l and 1.5 mg/l BAP in Petaluma and Grenada. At rooting stage, it was clear visually that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP with 1.5 mg/l of IBA in both the cultivars gave the best results of enhanced number roots with higher length and number shoots with higher length per explants. The best result for root multiplication indicating the use of IBA with ( 1.0, 1.5 mg/l) concentration as compared to other treatments.The highest response for the shoot multiplication was obtained with MS containing 1.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l BAP respectively. The present research is very useful in commercializing the new cultivars of strawberry into north Indian conditions which gives higher yield of fruits.ThesisItem Open Access ―Phenotypic and molecular characterization of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 F5 and backcross generations for salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell”(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Saini, Pooja; Yashveer, ShikhaSoil salinity is emerging environmental stress that reduces rate of germination, delays emergence and affects almost all stages of growth and development of wheat plants which ultimately leads to reduction in grain yield of crop.The present investigation focused on phenotypic and molecular characterization of selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)genotypes of F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations derived from HD 2967 X Kharicha 65 for salinity tolerance on the basis of presence of both Nax loci and their agronomic performance at salt stress level 8 dS/m. A total of 92 plants confirmed the presence of Nax1 locus at a band size of 210 bp consisting of 16 F5, 41 BC1F3, 9 BC2F2 and 27 BC3F1, a total of 53 plants confirmed the presence of Nax2 locus at a band size of 225 bp comprising of 6 F5, 35 BC1F4, 8 BC2F3 and 4 BC3F1.Overall, plants comprising of 6 F5,26 BC1F4, and 4 BC3F1 of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65were found to have both the Nax loci. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations, 56 high yielding plants were selected for genotyping using polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 180 SSR primers were used to study the polymorphism between parents HD 2967 and Kharchia 65, out of which 27 SSR primers showed polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value in the studied genotyped ranged from 0.191 (xgwm480) to 0.425 (wmc3) with an average value of 0.339. Cluster tree analysis using NTSYS-pc software, F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent HD 2967 representing higher similarity with HD 2967. From above analysis, high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants were selected such as plant number 259Q3c, 271Q3c (F5); 202P9b, 303P2b and 202P3b (BC1F4); 241R2c and 243R1a (BC2F3); 25(3)1b and 24(1)1c (BC3F1) and these plants could be further backcrossed with the parent HD 2967 to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of okra cultivars for growth, yield and quality under different dates of sowing(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Sunil Kumar; Kuldeep KumarThe experiment entitled “Evaluation of okra cultivars for growth, yield and quality under different dates of sowing” was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the rainy season 2020-21 with five different dates of sowing S1 (15th June), S2 (30th June), S3 (15th July), S4 (30th July) and S5 (14th August) and three varieties V1 (Varsha Uphar), V2 (Hisar Naveen) and V3 (Hisar Unnat). Maximum plant stand after 15 days, plant height, number of fruit pickings, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, yield, dry matter, ash content, acidity and B:C ratio were recorded from 15th July date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. However, minimum number of days to 50% flowering and days to first fruit picking were recorded from 14th August date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. Maximum number of branches, internodal length, crop duration, incidence of YVMV and severity of disease were recorded minimum from 15th June date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. Based on the study, it was found that higher fruit yield with better quality of fruits and minimum incidence of disease was obtained from Hisar Naveen sown on 15th July which was statistically at par with 30th July date of sowing under prevailing Haryana climatic conditions.ThesisItem Open Access In silico identification and physical mapping of gene(s) responsible for β-glucan in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Dhamija, Aryan; Upendra KumarDietary fibers from plant cell wall are an essential component of healthy foods. Higher intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of diet related chronic disease like type 2 diabetes, obesity and also improves gastrointestinal health. In human diets, cereal fiber is the largest contributor to total dietary fiber consumption. The soluble dietary fiber (1-3) (1-4) mixed linked β-D-glucan from cereal grains is a valuable component of a healthy diet. In the present investigation, the gene responsible for β-glucan in hexploid wheat was identified using both in silico and molecular methods.The in silico analysis confirmed that CslF6 gene in wheat was located on the chromosome 7A. Sequence similarity search was conducted between HvCslF6 and wheat survey sequences displayed a similarity of 96% with chromosome 7A. The structure of this gene had 3 exons and codes for a protein of 945 amino acids. Homology modeling of putative CslF6 protein was described as Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8.Different cytogenetic stocks of Chinese spring revealed that CslF6 gene was located on centromeric region of 7AL (FL=0.29). Identified CslF6 in wheat can be utilized to make β-glucan efficient wheat and can be used in biofortification program.
