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Open Access
Genome wide association mapping for stem water soluble carbohydrates in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal water stress
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11-26) Gaur, Arpit; Jindal, Yogesh
Genomic assisted breeding is one way to improve drought stress tolerance in wheat. To uncover the genomic regions for grain yield, its attributing traits, water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and its components mainly fructans, a comprehensive multidisciplinary study was conducted with a diverse set of 302 bread wheat genotypes. All the genotypes were evaluated under complete irrigation, rainfed and complete water stressed condition for two consecutive crop seasons at three locations (Hisar, Karnal and Baramati). The study indicated significant effect of different water regimes and locations on the expression of traits and as much as 80% of yield reduction was reported under DT. Seven promising drought tolerant verities were identified on the basis of drought susceptibility index. In this study, correlation between yield and studied traits largely varied with environmental and water conditions. However, shorter plant height, longer grain filling duration, days to heading, thousand kernel weight (35-40 g) is the most favorable trait combination for obtaining high grain yield under studied conditions. Positive correlation of WSCs with grain yield was reported only for drought tolerant genotypes. High values of all the genetic components were reported for all the traits within environments, however in pooled over management these values ranged between low to moderate for most of the studied traits due to genotype x environment. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, spikelet per spike and thousand kernel weight were least influenced with genotype x environment interaction thus found suitable for selection of grain yield. Substantial genetic diversity was reported in the studied material which was attributed by each of the studied trait equally. With 35K Axiom array and applying compressed mixed linear model, 431 stable SNPs were identified for 20 studied traits in 1288986.92 cM genomic region of bread wheat. These SNPs explained ca. 30-53% of phenotypic variations. Of 431 stable SNPs 77 were showing pleiotropy for various traits. Five SNPs (AX-94583229, AX-94879209, AX-94759517, AX-94887053 and AX-94964616) for fructans and total non-structural carbohydrates, three (AX-94508292, AX-95257620 and AX-94456473) for days to heading and one (AX-94412521) for plant height were most significant. In functional analysis of significant SNPs, 249 genes were identified which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism and repair mechanism. Only few were reported with direct involvement in stress responses. In an in silco study 104 genes (TaFruc) transcribing into stable protein associated with fructans metabolism were identified. All of these were involved in either hydrolase or transferase activities of glycosyl groups of soluble sugars. These genes were found expressive under different stress conditions, mainly water stress. To facilitate the future breeding programs a total of 189 SSR molecular markers and 60 micro RNAs have been predicted successfully for TaFruc genes.
Open Access
Effect of biomordants on dyeability of cotton fabric with natural dye
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Neeta; Arya, Nisha
Increasing concern about environmental pollution in all sphere of life has raised grave concern and heated debates around the world about the concept of ecology and environment. In the present time, commercially viable alternative methods for preparing and finishing cotton substrates based on the use of biomordants have emerged. Keeping in view the current scenario of environmental consciousness, the present study has been planned to assess the effect of biomordant on dyeing efficacy of cotton with natural dye substituting metal based mordant and salts. Standardization of biomordanting process for two biomordants i.e. harad and heena was done on the basis of dye absorption, colour strength and wash fastness rating for different concentrations and treatment conditions. The desized and scoured fabric were pre-treated with selected two biomordants and dyed with selected natural dye. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis of biomordanted fabric samples. SEM analysis demonstrated plain surface of biomordant treated sample. The colour coordinates, colour strength and colour fastness of the biomordant treated dyed samples were assessed. Various mechanical, performance and functional properties of the biomordant treated dyed fabric were also tested. Comparative analysis was also done between scoured fabric treated with biomordants and dyed with natural dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were pre mordanting stage with 5 and 10 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio, 6 and 4 pH, 60° and 80°C treatment temperature and 60 and 45 minutes treatment time for heena and harad, respectively. Both the biomordant treated dyed samples exhibited good (4) to very good (4/5) colour fastness properties. The results revealed that among both the biomordants treated dyed fabrics, heena treated dyed fabric showed maximum increase in bending length (2.39 cm) and heena treated dyed sample showed highest increase in elongation (29.68%), crease recovery angle (113 degree), moisture regain (10 %) and wickability (3.86cm). The heena treated and Babool bark dyed fabric showed the highest UPF value (56.89) indicating excellent protection category while in harad treated dyed fabric UPF value was (48.76). The biomordants treated dyed fabrics showed bacterial resistance against E. coli (93.35%) and S. aureus (88.07%). Thus, it is concluded that biomordants treatment enhanced the dyeing efficacy of the cotton fabric with better colour fastness properties. The biomordant treatment and Babool bark dye improved the mechanical and performance properties of cotton fabric with very good to excellent protection from UV radiation and bacterial attack. Hence, the biomordants are suitable replacement materials for cotton fabric in textile wet processing due to their positive response towards environment and no harmful effect on fabric properties.
Open Access
Evaluation of advanced wheat lines for stripe rust resistance and grain quality
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Bhawna; Bhawna; Yadav, Neelam R.; Yadav, Neelam R.
Biofortification of staple foods like wheat without any yield penalty is of utmost importance. Advanced lines introgressed with Gpc-B1 allele were used in the study. The Gpc-B1 allele co-segregated with Yr36 yellow rust resistance gene in all the advanced lines. All WH711-derived advanced wheat lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele. Seven advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8-3, WL-8-5, WL-8-6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8) were confirmed for Yr18 while six advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8- 6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8, WL-8-9) were positive for Yr17 gene. All five PBW343-derived advanced lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele presence. Three advanced lines (PL-8-2, PL-8-3, PL-8-4) displayed the presence of the Yr18 gene. Two advanced lines (Pl-8-3, PL-8-5) confirmed presence of the Yr17 gene. All the advanced wheat lines derived from WH711 as well as from PBW343 displayed very high levels of resistance against yellow rust and better agronomic characteristics than the parents. Positive correlation was observed in yield and yield related traits. The hectoliter weights of PBW343-derived lines indicated their superiority in terms of good flour recovery than PBW343 and comparable to the checks. WH711- and PBW343- derived advanced wheat lines show better gluten quality and high quantity in sedimentation test. Gpc-B1 allele introgression provided high GPC in WH711 derived advanced wheat lines. Iron and zinc contents of both WH711-derived and PBW343-derived advanced wheat lines were at par when compared to either parent and checks, indicating successful bio fortification of both micronutrients. Two of the WH711-derived lines are being further tested in IPPSN/station trials.
Open Access
Development of an efficient protocol for micropropagation of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Swati Rani; Upendra Kumar
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is the most important fruit worldwide. Micropropagation is mainly for the clonal multiplication.Strawberry cvs. Grenada and Petaluma were micropropagated for rapid shoot and root multiplication. Meristematic part and leaf primordia is source of explants. Foe the sterilization process, the explants were dipped in two to three drops of Tween 20 per 100 ml for 10 minutes with distilled water, 0.5% Bavisitin & Streptocycline for 30 mintues with antimicrobial supplement and 0.1% HgCL2 for 2 minutes gave the maximum aseptic cultures. After the surface sterilization of meristemetic part of plants 3-5 mm long was used as a explant. Multiplication stage results indicate that highest auxiliary buds were observed when MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l and 1.5 mg/l BAP in Petaluma and Grenada. At rooting stage, it was clear visually that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP with 1.5 mg/l of IBA in both the cultivars gave the best results of enhanced number roots with higher length and number shoots with higher length per explants. The best result for root multiplication indicating the use of IBA with ( 1.0, 1.5 mg/l) concentration as compared to other treatments.The highest response for the shoot multiplication was obtained with MS containing 1.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l BAP respectively. The present research is very useful in commercializing the new cultivars of strawberry into north Indian conditions which gives higher yield of fruits.
Open Access
―Phenotypic and molecular characterization of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 F5 and backcross generations for salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell”
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Saini, Pooja; Yashveer, Shikha
Soil salinity is emerging environmental stress that reduces rate of germination, delays emergence and affects almost all stages of growth and development of wheat plants which ultimately leads to reduction in grain yield of crop.The present investigation focused on phenotypic and molecular characterization of selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)genotypes of F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations derived from HD 2967 X Kharicha 65 for salinity tolerance on the basis of presence of both Nax loci and their agronomic performance at salt stress level 8 dS/m. A total of 92 plants confirmed the presence of Nax1 locus at a band size of 210 bp consisting of 16 F5, 41 BC1F3, 9 BC2F2 and 27 BC3F1, a total of 53 plants confirmed the presence of Nax2 locus at a band size of 225 bp comprising of 6 F5, 35 BC1F4, 8 BC2F3 and 4 BC3F1.Overall, plants comprising of 6 F5,26 BC1F4, and 4 BC3F1 of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65were found to have both the Nax loci. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations, 56 high yielding plants were selected for genotyping using polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 180 SSR primers were used to study the polymorphism between parents HD 2967 and Kharchia 65, out of which 27 SSR primers showed polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value in the studied genotyped ranged from 0.191 (xgwm480) to 0.425 (wmc3) with an average value of 0.339. Cluster tree analysis using NTSYS-pc software, F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent HD 2967 representing higher similarity with HD 2967. From above analysis, high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants were selected such as plant number 259Q3c, 271Q3c (F5); 202P9b, 303P2b and 202P3b (BC1F4); 241R2c and 243R1a (BC2F3); 25(3)1b and 24(1)1c (BC3F1) and these plants could be further backcrossed with the parent HD 2967 to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.
Open Access
In silico identification and physical mapping of gene(s) responsible for β-glucan in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Dhamija, Aryan; Upendra Kumar
Dietary fibers from plant cell wall are an essential component of healthy foods. Higher intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of diet related chronic disease like type 2 diabetes, obesity and also improves gastrointestinal health. In human diets, cereal fiber is the largest contributor to total dietary fiber consumption. The soluble dietary fiber (1-3) (1-4) mixed linked β-D-glucan from cereal grains is a valuable component of a healthy diet. In the present investigation, the gene responsible for β-glucan in hexploid wheat was identified using both in silico and molecular methods.The in silico analysis confirmed that CslF6 gene in wheat was located on the chromosome 7A. Sequence similarity search was conducted between HvCslF6 and wheat survey sequences displayed a similarity of 96% with chromosome 7A. The structure of this gene had 3 exons and codes for a protein of 945 amino acids. Homology modeling of putative CslF6 protein was described as Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8.Different cytogenetic stocks of Chinese spring revealed that CslF6 gene was located on centromeric region of 7AL (FL=0.29). Identified CslF6 in wheat can be utilized to make β-glucan efficient wheat and can be used in biofortification program.
Open Access
Effect of Zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09-28) Ayoub, Mohammad; Rana, G.S.
The study entitled “Effect of zinc sulphat on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin” was conducted on nine years old ear marked plants at Experimental Orchard in Post-harvest Technology Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 to study the effect of Zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. The experiment comprised of three levels soil application of Zinc sulphate (50,100,150 g per plant) and foliar application various concentration of Zinc sulphate( 0.5and 0.75%) and urea(1and1.5%). There experiment was conducted in randomized block design. The results of the experiment indicate that the foliar application of Zinc sulphate and Urea had a considerably affected most of the recorded parameters. Soil application of 150 g Zinc sulphate followed by the foliar spray of the 0.5 per cent of Zinc sulphate along with 1 per cent urea resulted into maximum fruit retention (53%), number of fruits per plant (533.87), size of fruits [fruit length (6.04 cm) and diameter (7.10 cm), average fruit weight (165 g), fruit yield per plant (83.87 kg), juice content (44.45%), total soluble solids (9.80%) and TSS to acid ratio (12.09 ) in Kinnow mandarin plants. The same treatment successfully resulted in minimum June (39.08%) and pre-harvest fruit drop (11.7%), acidity (0.81%), rag (31.89%) and peel content (22.69%) and peel thickness (2.83 mm).
Open Access
Interaction of Sesbania rhizobia with different species of Sesbania and kharif legumes
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11) Jeniffer Christeena Masih; Gera, Rajesh
Sesbania is an important wild legume as it can grow in wide range of soils like alkaline, waterlogged and acidic soils. It has high nitrogen fixation properties due to its association with rhizobia in both root and stem nodules. Rhizobia from wild legume like Sesbania may function as excellent plant growth promoting bacteria.Therefore, the present research was carried out to study the interaction of Sesbania rhizobia with different species of Sesbania and kharif legumes. A total of 25 Sesbania rhizobial isolates, which includes five isolates each from Sesbania aculeata, S. sesban, S. grandiflora, S. rostrata (root nodulating and stem nodulating), were included in the present investigation. Out of which 21 rhizobial isolates were obtained from departmental culture collection and 4 rhizobial isolates were isolated from soils collected from different locations of India using trap plant method. All the rhizobial isolates were able to produce IAA and ammonia, however, 92, 48 and 48 % rhizobia had the ability for phosphate solubilization, bacteriocin and siderophore production, whereas, 60% of rhizobia were able to utilize ACC. All the rhizobial isolates showed the presence of nifH and nodC genes. Five rhizobial isolates namely SSKr(ii), SGMg, SAUd(i), SRKr(iv)/r and SRTn/s from each Sesbania species were selected on the basis of different plant growth promoting traits, nodulation efficiency and amplification of nodC and nifH gene, to study their effect on different Sesbania species, mungbean and pigeonpea under sterilized conditions. The rhizobial isolates; SRKr(iv)/r (root nodulation) and SRTn/s (stem nodulation) were found to be most efficient isolates on the basis of nodule number and fresh nodule weight in cross nodulation within Sesbania species and other legumes. These isolates were also tagged with gfp gene to study their colonization on different parts of Sesbania rostrata. Recovery of GFP marked strains from root, root nodules, stem and stem nodules was 95 to100%. However, recovery of gfp marked strains from the surface of root and root nodules varied from 92 to100% while on the surface of stem and stem nodules, it ranged between 25 to 33%. Rhizobial isolate; SRKr(iv)/r showed good nodulation efficiency in all four Sesbania species and pigeonpea as compared to other rhizobial isolates under unsterilized conditions. Nodule occupancy of GFP marked strains; SRKr(iv)/rGFP+ and SRTn/sGFP+ under unsterilized condition was found to be 33-54 and 92% in case of root and stem nodules, respectively of Sesbania rostrata.
Open Access
Biochemical changes in genetic and induced systemic resistance due to infection of Albugo candida (Pers. ex. Lev) in Indian mustard
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-03) Annu; Rathi, A. S
White rust disease incited by Albugo candida is an important disease of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in India particularly in northern and North eastern states. Keeping in view the enormous losses caused by the pathogen, the present investigation has been devised on biochemical changes due to infection of Albugo candida in different Indian mustard genotypes, induction of systemic resistance by non conventional chemicals, identification of slow white rusting genotypes and role of micronutrients in defence against white rust under laboratory, screen house and field conditions at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The results of biochemical analysis revealed that total phenolic content, PO, PPO, PAL and chitinase activity were found higher in healthy leaves of resistant genotypes (BIOYSR, EC399299) as compared to moderately resistant genotypes (EC399301, DRMRIJ-31) and susceptible genotypes (RH 30, RH 8812) at 35-40 DAS. There was steep increase in all the biochemical constituents at the time of disease initiation ie. at 45-50 DAS. However, increase was more in inoculated environment as compared to uninoculated environment. At maximum disease severity i.e.70-75 DAS, there was decline in all the biochemical constituents in all genotypes under both the environments. Decrease was more in susceptible genotypes indicating the exhaustion of these biochemical constituents which otherwise consider necessary to trigger genetic resistance through pathways. Efficacy of six non conventional chemicals were tested with different concentrations for induction of resistance against white rust. None of the non conventional chemical completely controlled the white rust disease even at higher concentration of 100 μg/ml. However, a maximum control was also recorded by BTH at 100 μg/ml concentration after six weeks of challenge inoculation by the pathogen followed by SA in both the variety (RH 30 and RH 0749) under screen house conditions. BTH has shown maximum induction of phenolic content, PO, PPO, PAL and chitinase activity at three days after inoculation (DAI) in both the varieties at 100 μg/ml concentration followed by SA. However, MgSO4 has shown minimum induction of these activities at three DAI in both the varieties.Out of 22 Indian mustard genotypes screened for identification of slow white rusting component, 9 genotypes exhibited longer incubation and latent periods, minimum number of pustules per leaf, minimum size of pustule, minimum sporulation, minimum disease severity and minimum AUDPC indicating slow white rusting behaviour. Among the different treatments of mcronutrients alone and in combinations, soil application of Gypsum + Borax + CuSO4 + Na2MoO4 at 30 DAS as basal dose recorded minimum white rust severity of 31.1% and staghead incidence of 4.44% and highest seed yield of 2228.55 kg ha-1 as compared to the 45.83% white rust severity and 6.09% staghead incidence and seed yield of 1779.79 kg ha-1 in control. Maximum number of primary branches per plant (5.83), secondary branches per plant (12.33), main shoot length (90.93 cm), siliquae on main shoot (62.60) and seeds per siliquae (12.53) were also observed with above treatment. Plant height, siliqua length, oil content and 1000 seed weight did not vary significantly among all the treatments.

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