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Open Access
Inter gender study on knowledge and performance of panchayat members
(CCSHAU, 2018) Chauhan, Seema; Yadav, Beena
The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar II-block of Hisar district in Haryana state by including total 200 panchayats members i.e.100 each from preceding and existing six panchayats out of which 3each were male and female headed panchayats. Profile of preceding and existing panchayat members and iner gender knowledge and performance cf existing panchayat members as well as panchayats as a whole was studied. The existing panchayat members were younger in age, more qualified, had more of trainings exposure and using more number of media sources and ICT tool. While the preceding panchayat members had more annual income and social participation of family members. Significant differences in knowledge of male and female panchayat members was seen with respect to demography of village, government functionaries, functions and power of gram sabha, general constitution and meeting of gram Panchayat; sources of gram fund, type of fees levied by gram panchayat, major registers, duties of gram sachiv. Male and female panchayat members differed significantly in knowledge about mandatory function; constitutional role in agriculture and allied activities, farm forestry and cottage industry and rural sanitation and public health. Both male and female panchayat members had low knowledge regarding mandatory functions and high regarding discretionary roles. Knowledge of male members was high regarding most of the constitutional roles; however, the knowledge of female members was moderate about most of the constitutional roles. Neither the male nor the female panchayat members had high performance score in any the activities. Male members had either low, moderate or high level of performance in almost equal number of activities; however, performance of female panchayat members was of low extent with respect to majority of the activities. The female headed panchayats had better performance in terms of holding panchayat & gram sabha meetings; passing resolutions; beneficiary selection; planning & budget formulation; sources of income generation; establishment of local institutions; implementation of schemes; accountability & transparency.The male headed panchayats performed better in terms of attendance in gram sabha meetings; management and capacity building, civic duties; strengthening of institutions and receiving awards for excellence in performance.
Open Access
Standardization of processing technology for instant kadhi premix
(CCSHAU, 2018) Bansal, Amit; Rekha
The present investigation ―Standardization of processing technology for instant Kadhi premix‖ was conducted with objectives to develop instant kadhi premix, and evaluate to the quality and shelf life of the product during storage. Instant kadhi premix consisted of the kadhi powder, seasoning and dried vegetables (optional) packed separately. Kadhi was prepared from besan, turmeric and salt along with curd and buttermilk. It was freeze dried and tray dried; finely ground to form powder and packed in aluminium and polypropylene pouches. Seasoning was prepared from partially dried (microwave) and onion and garlic. The developed product was evaluated at 15 days intervals for its quality and shelf life during the 90 days of storage. Physico-chemical, the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibres, ash, carbohydrates and energy of kadhi powder prepared from curd and buttermilk ranged (4.70 and 4.93%), (8.79 and 9.57%), (2.90 and 5.10%), (4.90 and 5.87%), (8.46 and 10.15%), (71.10 and 73.94%) and (675-726Kcal). Moisture, water activity, non-enzymatic browning, acidity, free fatty acids and peroxide value significantly increased while rehydration ratio was significantly decrease during three months storage with time. Instant kadhi reconstituted from instant kadhi premix was acceptable during the storage. The freeze dried kadhi prepared from buttermilk was more acceptable than tray dried kadhi prepared from curd. Instant kadhi premix packed in aluminium laminated pouches had better storage quality over the product packed in polypropylene pouches. The instant kadhi premix took 3 minutes and 30 seconds for reconstitution in boiling water. The cost of 25 g kadhi powder prepared from curd using freeze drying method was `128.80 instant premix powder (with seasoning) followed by kadhi prepared from curd using tray drying `31.36, kadhi from buttermilk using freeze drying `108.61and kadhi prepared from buttermilk using tray drying `128.80 providing 270 ml of kadhi sufficient for one serving.
Open Access
Sensitivity analysis of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) to weather parameters using WOFOST model
(CCSHAU, 2018) Gujjar, Ravi; Dagar, C.S.
The experiment entitled “Sensitivity analysis of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) to weather parameters using WOFOST model” was conducted at the research farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal), Haryana. The treatments included three dates of transplantingviz.2nd fortnight of June, 1st fortnight of July and 2nd fortnight of July in the main plots and four cultivars namely CSR-30, PB-1121, PB-1 and Haryana Basmati-2 in the subplots, resulting in 12 treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with each treatment replicated four times. The crop was raised with recommended package of practices. Among the different transplanting environments, Early transplanting i.e. 2nd fortnight of June took more number of days to attain physiological maturity as compared to delayed transplanting. Among the varietiesCSR-30 took maximum number of days to attain physiological maturity followed by HB-2, PB-1121 and PB-1. The early transplanted crop took more number of days to attain maturity and accumulated higher growing degree days. Among the varieties the maximum growing degree days (2631 °C days) were accumulated by CSR-30 followed by variety Haryana Basmati-2 (2537 °C days), PB-1121(2517 °C days) and PB-1(2480 °C days) to reach physiological maturity. Similar trend was also observed in case of HTU, PTU accumulation. The crop transplanted during 1st fortnight of July utilized thermal time more efficiently with highest HUE followed by 2nd fortnight of June and 2nd fortnight of July transplanted crop during the growing season. Higher HUE was recorded in variety CSR-30 followed by variety, Haryana Basmati-2, PB-1121 and PB-1during crop season. Highest grain yield was recorded by crop transplanted during 2nd fortnight of June followed by 1st fortnight of July and 2nd fortnight of July and among the varieties, the grain yield of Haryana Basmati-2 was highest followed by PB-1121, PB-1 and CSR-30. The WOFOST model was validated by using previously calibrated coefficients and the model simulation for phenology, grain yield and maximum LAI was within acceptable limit except straw yield. The sensitivity analysis of rice to weather parameters was also carried out using the WOFOST model by altering the weather parameters in weather input file of the model. It was found that the crop phenology is more affected by the minimum temperature alteration by +2 °C and the yield and LAI of delayed transplanted crop was more affected by the sunshine hour‟s variation.
Open Access
A Comparative study on nutritional status of elderly people from old age homes and family setup
(CCSHAU, 2018) Priti; Sindhu, Sangeeta C.
The present study was planned to compare the nutritional status of elderly from old age homes to their counterparts living in urban or rural family set ups and disseminate need based education. There were 180 study subjects selected randomly from the three residential set ups of Hisar. Of the total, 53.88 per cent were male and 46.11 per cent were female. Majority of male respondents (39.18%) had been in agriculture sector to earn living during their active years while majority of female respondents had been house wives. Majority of respondents (53.33%) elderly were illiterate, had sedentary life style (66.67%), had a living spouse (66.11%) and had monthly family income between Rs.10001-30,000. Most common reason for shifting to old age home was conflicting relations with family. Respondents from old age home were least active and those from rural family set up were most active. Mean PAL of respondents varied from 1.12±0.02 to 1.96±0.09. Osteoporosis (94.44%), joint pain (87.78%), loss of appetite (85.56%) and anemia (80.56%) were the most commonly reported problems. Per cent prevalence of most problems was higher in old age home respondents. Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living was used to assess level of independence. The level of independence was lowest in old age home respondents. Depression prevalence was more noticeable in residents of old age home. Based on MNA scale, per cent of elderly assessed as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition was higher in old age home followed by rural family set up. No significant differences (P≤ 0.05) were observed in anthropometric measurements of females from three different residential set ups except in case of mean waist circumference, mean hip circumference and waist to hip ratio which were significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) in urban family set up females. Mean waist to hip ratio of females from all three family set ups was higher than the cut off value of 0.85 thus suggesting abdominal obesity. Male elderly from urban family set up were significantly (p≤0.05) heavier and taller to their counterparts from old age home and rural family set up. Mean waist to hip ratio of male respondents from all three residential set ups was within the cut off limit of > 90 cm. Based on BMI, 32 elderly people were reported as underweight, 89 as normal weight, 46 as overweight and 13 were in the category of obese. Old age home had higher per cent of underweight as well as obese. Genderwise, significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed in mean BMI of male and female respondents. Dual malnutrition was very much evident in all three residential set ups. The mean daily food intake for all food groups was significantly (p ≤0.05) below RDI (20.46-98.45 % of RDI) in elderly respondents from old age home. On the contrary, it was significantly (p ≤0.05) higher than RDI (104.48-141.16 % of RDI) for most food groups in urban as well as rural family set up respondents. Fruit intake was significantly (p ≤0.05) lower in all residential set ups and both genders. Mean nutrient intake significantly (p≤0.05) lower in case of all elderly under study. Intake of most nutrients differed significantly (p≤0.05) among the females from three different residential setups. Nutrient intake by both male and female elderly from old age home was significantly (p≤0.05) lower than that of their counterparts in urban or rural family set up. Nutrient adequacy for all nutrients except energy and protein was found to be below 50 per cent in old age home. The elderly people of urban family setup had significantly (p≤0.05) higher scores of dietary diversity and food variety than rural family setup and old age home respondents. Pearson’s correlations coefficients for past occupation of elderly people and family income and BMI for age were significant (r=0.23; p≤0.05 and r=0.21; p≤0.05). Also adequacy ratio for energy, fat and protein were significantly associated with residential set up. Nutrition education significantly (p≤0.05) improved mean score of elderly regarding nutrition knowledge.
Open Access
Assessment of biomechanical stress in dung collection among rural women
(CCSHAU, 2018) Sarita Devi; Mehta, Manju
The rural women play an important role in all types of household, farm and allied activities but were deprived from most of the privileges of life. There is no change in involvement pattern of women in household and animal husbandry activities in respect to change in season. The study was conducted in randomly selected one block I of Hisar district of Haryana state. From the selected block I, Dabra village was randomly selected as the locale of the study. Ninety households were selected randomly and female head of the household was the sample of the study. A sample of 20 women, who were willing to cooperate were selected purposively for phase III. It was found that maximum of them were in the age group of 41-60 yr (56.7%), belonged to general category (91.1%), were illiterate (62.2%), farming was family occupation (62.2%), had low family education status (46.7%) and nuclear families (57.8%) with medium size family (46.7%). They had pakka house (68.9%) with covered kitchen (66.7%). Most of them had less than 2.5 acre of land (40.0%) and earned between Rs.10,000- 30,000 (68.9%). Majority of respondents were having buffalo (54.5%) which was kept bada (71.1%) of size upto 100sq.m. dung was collected by 90% of home maker and other female twice a day (82.2%) and they prepared dung cake (91.1%) to save money and were using Tasla & Indi for dung collection, respondents covered distance around 750 mt for dung transportation. 43.3% of women carried 10-20 kg dung per trip and spending 1-2 hr. Most of the women were exhausted after dung collection activity (83%). 18 percent felt pain in mid back and lower back and recovery of pain was in around 15 min (64.1%). Around one third was anemic (31.4%) and having joint problem (23.5%). In dung collection activity back bending posture, in lifting and carrying activity both hand and in disposal of dung neck bending posture using both hands was used by all. During collection and carrying of dung distance of 293.21m and 523.22 m. was travelled and carried dung weighing 17.6 kg. A slight extension was observed in the lower lumbar region (3.27%) and flexion in the cervical region (2.79%) of the respondents, putting undue stress on the women. Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) score and Ovako working posture analysis system (OWAS) score was highest in collection activity which depicts it required corrective measures immediately in the posture used. There was decrease grip strength of 23.65 percent and 18.59 percent in right the left hand respectively. Body part discomfort (BPDS) was chiefly found in upper and lower back (4.44 each) followed by mid back (4) and least in knees (1.33). The activity of carrying dung got VAD score of (4.5) and least was for the disposal of dung activity (2.3) and repetitive strain score was highest in dung collection activity i.e.10 and least in disposal i.e.2.3. Hence as per the phase II, collection activity had highest biomechanical stress so a tool was developed to combat biomechanical stress in dung collection. The tool was named as Ergo Dung Collector. There was 23.05% decrease in biomechanical stress with the use of ergo dung collector. Ergo dung collector was acceptable and found to be highly feasible in handling and also physically compatible practicable and cultural compatible.
Open Access
Development and nutritional analysis of pearl millet based Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seeds incorporated value added products
(CCSHAU, 2018) Savita; Kawatra, Asha
The present study was carried out to develop pearl millet based value added products incorporating jamun seed powder. Developed products included traditional products (chapatti, sev, dalia, upma, namakpra and mathri), bakery & confectionary products (biscuits, bread and donut), extruded products (pasta, vermicelli and noodles) Type I, Type II and Type III products contained 10, 15 and 20 per cent jamun seed powder except for mathri, bread, donut and noodles which contained 5 (Type I), 10 (Type II) and 15 (Type III) per cent jamun seed powder. Products were evaluated for organoleptic acceptability, nutritional composition and shelf life. The protein, fat, ash and crude fiber content of HC 10 variety of pearl millet was found to be 10.77, 5.37, 2.23 and 1.86 per cent, respectively and calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and magnesium were 34.17, 219.36, 6.23, 3.23 and 118.53 mg/100g of pearl millet. In vitro protein and starch digestibility was 49.46 per cent and 20.62 mg maltose released/100g, respectively. The phytic acid and polyphenol content was observed as 618.07 and 476.30 mg/100g of pearl millet, respectively. The protein, fat, ash and crude fiber in jamun seed powder was found to be 6.21, 2.87, 2.42 and 5.16 per cent, respectively. Vitamin C content of jamun seed powder was 17.65 mg/dl and antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging activity) was observed as 79.45 per cent. Jamun seed powder contained 209.43, 98.04, 8.44, 7.74 and 103.09 mg/100g calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and magnesium, respectively. The methnol extract of jamun seed powder showed the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, glycosides, phytosterols and tannins. The acceptability scores of almost all the products were „liked very much‟ and „liked moderately‟ as adjudged by the panellists using nine point Hedonic scale. The products like chapatti, sev, dalia, upma, namakpara, biscuits, pasta, vermicelli were organoleptically acceptable up to 20 per cent incorporation of jamun seed powder, mathri was acceptable up to 15 per cent of jamun seed powder incorporation and bread, donut and noodles were acceptable up to 10 per cent incorporation of jamun seed powder. Control and Type I products were studied for their nutritional composition (proximate and mineral composition, in vitro digestibility, phytic acid and polyphenols). The calcium, iron, crude fiber and polyphenol content of control products were in the range of 28.82 to 59.16 mg/100g, 3.88 to 7.28 mg/100g, 0.71 to 2.30 per cent and 231.09 to 445.44 mg/100g, respectively which were improved with jamun seed powder supplementation in Type I products as 44.36 to 74.23 mg/100g, 4.24 to 7.35 mg/100g, 0.99 to 2.57 per cent and 244.26 to 456.94 mg/100g, respectively. The fat and phytic acid content of control products were 3.33 to 28.63 per cent and 341.33 to 592.23 mg/100g, respectively which were reduced after supplementation in Type I products as 3.17 to 26.21 per cent and 328.56 to 533.46 mg/100g, respectively. All the stored products (sev, namakpara, mathri, biscuits, pasta, vermicelli and noodles) were organoleptically acceptable almost up to three months. Chemical analysis indicated that the fat acidity and peroxide value in all the stored products was increased significantly at the end of storage period. All Types of products showed significant increase in fat acidity and peroxide values at the end of storage period but the values did not exceed the normal range. Thus, jamun seed powder can successfully be incorporated in millet based recipes to develop organoleptically acceptable value added products having a shelf life up to 90 days.
Open Access
Development of processing technology for instant mango shake powder
(CCSHAU, 2018) Priyanka; Rekha
The present investigation ―Development of processing technology for instant mango shake powder‖ was conducted with the objectives to optimize processing technology for development of instant mango shake (IMS). Fresh and six months stored frozen pulp mango pulp had total soluble solids (19.56 and 16.39 %), acidity (0.41 and 0.43 %), ascorbic acid (6.96 and 5.73 mg/100 g), reducing sugars (5.79 and 5.93%), total sugars (13.24 and 13.79%), pectin (0.51 and 0.54%), total carotenoids (1.24 and 1.15 mg/100 g) and total phenols (42.33 and 39.67 mg/100 g) Mango pulp was blanched in microwave (2.00 min. /100 g at 900W). After blanching, the product was either freez dried, tray dried or microwave assisted tray dried. After drying, dried mango pulp was ground to powder, mixed with skim milk powder (SMP) and sugar in 32:26:42 ratio, packed in aluminum laminated and polypropylene pouches and stored for three months at room temperature. IMS1 (prepared from mango pulp, mixed with skim milk powder and freeze dried) and IMS2 (prepared from microwave assisted tray dried mango pulp) had moisture content (4.60 and 4.15%), crude protein (0.82 and 0.77%), crude fat (0.42 and 0.46%), crude fibre (0.93 and 0.89%), ash (1.47 and 1.45%), carbohydrates (96.27 and 96.42%), energy (393.93 and 393.93 Kcal), calcium (262.67 and 252.33 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (5.75 and 5.01 mg/100 g), carotenoids (1.14 and 1.09 mg/100 g), total phenols (39.19 and 34.17 mg/100 g), bulk density (0.94 and 0.89 g/cm3)and dispersibility (86.87 and 82.93%) The most acceptable instant mango shake powder i.e., mango pulp mixed with skim milk powder and freeze dried had moisture (4.60%), protein (0.82%), fat (0.42%), crude fibre (0.93%), ash (1.47%), carbohydrates (96.27%), energy 392.90 Kcal and calcium (262.67 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (5.75 mg/100 g), total Carotenoids (1.14 mg/100 g) and total phenols (39.19 mg/100 g) Moisture content, water activity, acidity, non enzymatic browning, total soluble solids, solubility index and microbial load increased while, pH and ascorbic acid of the all three instant mango shake powder variants decreased significantly during three month of storage. Cost of IMS powder ranged from `247.54 to 46.72/100 g. All the instant mango shake powder variants were found acceptable even after three months storage.
Open Access
Effect of rootstock thickness on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under different growing conditions
(CCSHAU, 2018) Ashok Kumar; Chahal, Devender
The present investigation entitled “Effect of rootstock thickness on wedge grafting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) under different growing conditions” was conducted during 2017 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, RDS Seed Farm CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment comprised of 18 treatments i.e. three rootstock thickness (<0.8cm, 0.8-1.2cm and >1.2cm) and six growing conditions (polyhouse with polycap, polyhouse without polycap, shade net with polycap, shade net without polycap, open field condition with polycap and open field condition without polycap) with three replication. The results revealed that scion grafted on rootstock with thickness of 0.8-1.2cm took minimum days for bud sprouting and number of days for first leaf opening. Success percentage of grafts was also recorded maximum with rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Shoot length and its diameter at 60, 90 and 120 days of grafting were registered maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Number of leaves and leaf area per plant were also observed maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content was observed maximum with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm and closely followed by rootstock thickness of 0.8-1.2cm. The maximum fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root were observed with rootstock thickness of >1.2cm. Most of the growth traits were observed significantly superior under polyhouse and shade net as comparison to open field condition. Grafts covered with polycap performed better than uncovered grafts under all the growing conditions. Days for graft sprouting and first leaf opening were recorded minimum under polyhouse with polycap. Maximum success percentage of grafts, shoot length and its diameter, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root were observed maximum under polyhouse with polycap, followed by shade net. Almost similar leaf chlorophyll contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll) were recorded under polyhouse and open field condition with and without polycap. Overall grafts with rootstock thickness 0.8-1.2 cm and grown under polyhouse with polycap performed comparatively better.
Open Access
Studies on STCR approach of nutrient management on soil properties under pearl millet-wheat cropping system
(CCSHAU, 2018) Vikas Kumar; Goyal, Vishal
The present investigation was carried out on the ongoing long term experiment of STCR initiated originally in 2009 to study the yield sustainability and maintenance of soil fertility at Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, CCS, HAU, Hisar. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with four replication and seven treatments viz. T1-control, T2- FYM @ 15 t ha-1, T3-RDN & P, T4-STCR with TY 5.5/3.3 t ha-1, T5-STCR with TY 6.0/3.5 t ha-1, T6-STCR-IPNS with TY 5.5/3.0 FYM and T7-STCR-IPNS with 6.0/3.5 FYM yield targets. FYM @ 15 t ha-1 were applied in rabi and kharif season in T2, T6 & T7 plots. The treatments where FYM @ 15 t ha-1 was applied approximately 22 kg N & 15 t ha-1 was reduced from fertilizer nutrients. The results of the experiment revealed that the physical properties of the soil such as bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, aggregate mean weight diameter, soil moisture retention and penetration resistance of the soil improved with addition of organic matter either alone or in combination with fertilizers both at surface 0-15 & subsurface 15-30 cm soil depth. Bulk density decreased by 3.0 to 3.7 % and 3.31 to 4.19 % after 9 years of continuous FYM application in rabi and kharif at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth. Saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 1.17 to 1.22 & 0.54 to 0.61 cm hr-1, water stable aggregates varied from 48.5 to 50.2 % and 43.3 to 47.4 %, soil moisture retention at field capacity from 29.4 to 29.8 & 30.0 to 29.9 % at permanent wilting point from 9.36 to 10.02 & 9.73 to 10.23 % at 0-15 and 15-30 cm, respectively. The chemical and biological properties of the soil such as organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, available NPK and micronutrients increased significantly with addition in FYM @ 15 t ha-1 in rabi and kharif both at surface and subsurface soils. The percent deviation in grain yield of wheat varies from + 0.9 to +4.5 and pearl millet varies from -5.2 to +1.5 in target yield treatments which showed the validity of the target yield equation. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil improved with addition of FYM continuously on long term basis which is due to improvement of physical structure of the soil that may results in more uptakes of nutrients by plants, thus increasing the grain and straw yield for wheat and pearl millet.

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