Thumbnail Image

Theses

Browse

20233
Reset filters
Author: Nisha × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Socio-economic impact of agro-meteorological advisory services in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-09) Nisha; Malik, D. P.
    Weather's effects on agricultural operations and farm production show how it affects farmers' livelihoods. Inspiring farmers to organise and employ their own resources in order to reap the tremendous rewards is possible with the help of advance meteorological information. Keeping same in view, the present study was conducted in Kurukshetra, Sonipat, Kaithal and Karnal districts selected from eastern zone and Hisar, Sirsa, Fatehabad and Bhiwani districts selected from western zone based on maximum number of farmers registered in the m-Kisan portal. A purposive multistage sampling technique was used for selection of AAS and non-AAS farmers. The main source of awareness about AAS in the eastern zone and western zone was personal contact with officials and fellow farmers or panchayat head (63.75%), respectively. All the farmers received AAS in Hindi language. Majority of farmers received advisories once-a-week in both zones. Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS) as developed by IMD in 2008 enhanced the current coverage of AAS. The distribution of these advisories was conducted by different personnel operating at AMFUs/DAMUs, SAUs, ICAR institutes, NGOs, and other organizations. Mediums employed for disseminating the advisories included newspapers, electronic media and social media platforms like WhatsApp groups, Facebook groups, Twitter, and websites of IMD, KVKs, and state agriculture departments. The foremost individual function for which the farmers agreed that they employed advisories while scheduling was marriage ceremony in both the zones. In case of community-based function, it was social and cultural entertainment function in the eastern zone and gathering for social work in the western zone. In the eastern zone, the increase in net return of paddy and wheat estimated through propensity score matching was found to be Rs11044.76 ha-1 and Rs3596.88 ha-1, respectively. While, in the western zone, the increment in net return estimated through propensity score matching was found to be Rs7319.28 ha-1, Rs3494.52 ha-1, Rs3547.06 ha-1, Rs698.45 ha-1 and Rs5449.51 ha-1 in case of paddy, wheat, pearlmillet, cotton and mustard, respectively. The major perceptional, technical, organizational and social constraints faced by the AAS and non-AAS farmers in the eastern as well as western zones included lack of location-specific information, occasional inaccuracy of weather information, insufficiency of two-way communication between sender & receiver and lack of education and skills. The strategies to enhance the impact of AAS included trainings for improving user capacity in accessing AAS through apps, augmenting mass media outreach and app training.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seed quality assessment in natural and artificial aged seed of tomato and eggplant
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Nisha; Bhuker, Axay
    The seed of two important solanaceous crops tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was procured from Department of Vegetable Science and study was conducted to assess the effect of natural and artificial ageing on seed quality parameters and their correlation and to find out the effect of priming and storage containers on seed quality at Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU Hisar during 2020-2022. Under natural and artificial ageing storage period most of the seed quality parameters showed decreasing trend as the storage period increased in both cloth and polythene bag. Cloth bag maintained the germination upto 12 months while polythene bag maintained germination up to 15 months above Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards (>70%). The polythene bag maintained 60.67 & 64.00% germination while in cloth bag it was 55.67 & 60.00% after 18 months of storage under ambient conditions in tomato and eggplant seeds respectively. The other seed quality parameters i.e. seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour indices, viability percentage, speed of emergence index, seedling establishment, DHA, SOD, CAT, POD were found superior in polythene bag as compare to cloth bag. The mean emergence time and fungus infection was observed less in polythene as compare to cloth bag.The germination percentage after 24 h (72.67, 74.00%) of artificial ageing were found at par with the values of germination after 12 months (73.67, 77.00%) of natural ageing in polythene bag for tomato and eggplant respectively. Seeds primed with GA3 @ 50 ppm can enhance 24.6 percent germination in tomato and 21.2% in eggplant over unprimed seed in 18 months old seed. GA3 @50 ppm is also effective in controlling fungal infection and enhancement of other seed quality parameters i.e. seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour indices, viability percentage, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, dehydrogenase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, speed of emergence index and seedling establishment. It is concluded from the study that polythene bag is a suitable container and GA3@50ppm is suitable priming agent for tomato and eggplant seeds. Germination percentage after 12 months of natural storage can be estimated through accelerated ageing test for 24 hours in tomato and eggplant crop.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An economic analysis of production and processing of groundnut in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Nisha; Pawar, Neeraj
    The present study was carried out with the objectives of working out costs and returns of groundnut cultivation, to study processing costs and returns of groundnut and to identify the constraints in production and processing of groundnut. The study was based on collection of primary data. The primary data from selected farmers for the year 2021-22 were collected by survey method through personal interview with the help of a well-structured interview schedule. For collection of data multistage purposive sampling technique was used. The selection of districts formed the first stage of sampling. Out of major groundnut growing districts of Haryana, Fatehabad, Hisar, Sirsa and Rewari districts were selected purposively based on the area under groundnut for the present study. Selection of farmers and processing units formed the ultimate unit in the sample. From seven selected villages from four selected districts, total 84 farmers were selected, comprising 21 farmers from each district. A total of 7 processing units were selected from the study area as per availability. The outcomes of the study revealed that the average total cost of cultivation of groundnut in four districts came out to be Rs. 98275. The total cost incurred by the farmers of Rewari district was higher (Rs. 106886/ha) compared to that of Sirsa (Rs. 100271/ha), Fatehabad (Rs. 93789/ha) and Hisar (Rs. 92155/ha). The average yield of the groundnut was 24.61 q/ha which was highest in Rewari district being 29.15 q/ha as compared to Sirsa (25.17 q/ha), Fatehabad (22.30 q/ha) and Hisar (21.83 q/ha).The gross return obtained after inclusion of value of by product, per hectare was again highest in Rewari district (Rs. 169376) as compared to Sirsa (Rs. 145692), Fatehabad (Rs. 129242) and Hisar (Rs. 127695). The average net return of the groundnut for selected respondents as a whole was Rs. 44997 per hectare. As B: C ratios are greater than one, this indicates that groundnut cultivation is economically viable in all the districts, with Rewari district having the highest profitability. Total cost per quintal of groundnut processing was higher in oil processing units (Rs.17289.33/q) when compared to decorticating units (Rs.8273.57/q). In respect of net returns, it was also higher in case of oil processing units (Rs. 161.55/q) compared to decorticating units (Rs. 130.59/q). On an average a minimum quantity of 342 quintals of groundnut kernel and 813 quintals of groundnut oil should be processed so as to continue the production process without sustaining losses at average level in decorticating units and oil processing units respectively. The identified constraints, such as less availability of improved varieties/ seeds and high cost of seeds, high incidence of pest and disease infection and problem of uncertain weather/ climate, pose significant challenges for groundnut farmers, impacting their productivity and profitability. The scarcity and high wages of skilled labour during peak seasons, high machinery costs, erratic power supply, repair and spare parts problems, complex bank finance procedures, expensive raw materials, and high transportation costs were all identified as significant challenges.