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20213
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Author: Jyoti × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on resource partitioning by honey bees and nectar secretion rhythms in different Brassica spp
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-02) Jyoti; Yadav, Sunita
    The present study was carried out on eleven genotypes/varieties belonging to eight Brassica spp. at Research Area of Oilseeds Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019-20. The flowering phenology of various rapeseed-mustard genotypes/varieties showed that flowering initiation and cessation was earliest on TH 68 (32.67 and 81.67 DAS) while total flowering period was highest on RH 725 (53.00 DAS). The flower morphological parameters i.e. flower length, flower breadth, corolla and calyx length of different genotypes varied from 1.41 to 1.74 cm, 1.42 to 2.23 cm, 0.76 to 1.14 cm, 0.49 to 1.06 cm respectively and flower color was bright yellow in all genotypes/varieties. Eighteen bee species belonging to twelve families of five orders (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera) were recorded. The Apis spp. were most abundant on variety TH 68 (16.77 bees/m2/10 min). The mean densities of A. mellifera was maximum (15.50 bees/m2/10 min) followed by A. cerana (12.90 bees/m2/10 min), A. dorsata (12.25 bees/m2/10 min) and A. florea (9.37 bees/m2/10 min). The foraging rate of Apis spp. was highest on HNS 0901 (15.16 flowers/min). The mean foraging rate of A. cerana was maximum (18.06 flowers/min) followed by A. dorsata (16.65 flowers/min), A. mellifera (16.66 flowers/min) and A. florea (6.57 flowers/min). The comparative mean time spent per flower was highest on variety T-27 (3.52flowers/sec). The mean foraging speed of A. florea was maximum (6.38 flowers/sec) followed by A. dorsata (2.39 flowers/sec), A. mellifera (1.94 flowers/sec) and A. cerana (1.83 flowers/sec). Highest mean percentage of nectar, pollen and both nectar plus pollen gatherers were observed at 2nd fortnight of December i.e. 37.67, 24.84 and 43.08 per cent respectively. Top workers were highest in case of A. dorsata (97.33%) followed by A. mellifera (90.33%) A.cerana (90.00%) and A. florea (66.33%) and the highest percentage of side workers was observed in A. florea (43.33%) followed by A. mellifera (21.00%), A. cerana (21.33%) and A. dorsata (4.33%). The maximum DNS was produced by the flowers of HC-212 and T-27 (1.50 and 1.49 mg/flower) and also amount of energy produced by nectar was highest in HC-212 and T-27 (25.11 and 24.92 joules energy). Abundance of all four honey bee species showed positive non-significant correlation with maximum and minimum temperature. Relative humidity was significantly positive correlated with the abundance of. A. mellifera, A. cerana, A. dorsata but showed non-significant positive correlation in case of A. florea at morning and analysis of relative humidity resulted significant positive correlation with the all bees at the evening. Wind speed showed significant positive correlation with all Apis spp. and sunshine hours were non-significantly correlated.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of mustard extracts
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Jyoti; Nisha Kumari
    Mustard is the third most important oilseed crop after oil palm and soybean. Although mustard is widely used as edible oil and condiment, the residue left after oil extraction is popularly used as livestock and poultry feed with excellent protein quality. However, the information regarding antioxidative and antimicrobial potential of mustard seed meal is still scanty. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to extract the polyphenols from brown and yellow mustard seed meal with different solvents i.e 80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 80% acetone and 80% isopropanol. Each extract was analysed for antioxidant potential using DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, total antioxidant activity, iron chelating activity and β-Carotene content. The 80% acetone extracted maximum polyphenols followed by 80% ethanol, 80% methanol and 80% isopropanol. Brown mustard exhibited a higher amount of polyphenols as compared to yellow mustard. Yellow mustard exhibited higher antioxidant potential in terms of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, iron chelating activity and β-Carotene content. Correlation analysis indicated a negative association between total phenolic content and DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. Antimicrobial potential was evaluated against two gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas campesteris), two gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus plantarum) bacteria and three fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Candida albicans). Yellow mustard exhibited higher antibacterial activity while brown mustard had higher antifungal activity. Both the mustard seed meal extracts were ineffective against probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were identified in mustard seed meal by HPLC analysis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Menstrual distress and impact on academic performance among adolescent girl
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Jyoti; Yadav, Poonam
    Adolescent girls‟ education is of critical importance for their future progress as citizens and their success in later life. The purpose of this study was to better understand the challenges girls face due to menstruation in the form of menstrual distress and its impact on academic performance and present recommendations to create a supportive school and home environment for adolescent girls in Haryana State. The study was conducted on 240 adolescent girls in the age group of 10-14years and 15-19 years belonging to rural and urban areas of Hisar district. Self-developed schedules were used to delineate personal, socio-personal variables and facilities at home and school in terms of MHM. Menstrual distress of adolescent girls was assessed by using Comprehensive Menstrual Distress Scale by Jain et al. 2017. Dependent variable for the present study was academic performance and measured by self –developed interview schedule. Frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation, „Z‟ test, ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to analyse the data as per objectives. The study found that one-fourth of girls were exposed to high physical and socially imposed impurity and restriction distress, whereas, 17.5 % and 16.3% adolescent girls were highly distressed on aspects of psychological and positivity of womanhood respectively. Rural girls were more distressed than urban counterparts. Regarding facilities at school in terms of MHM, girls reported lack of proper disposal system for sanitary materials and lack of availability of changing rooms. Nearly half of respondents reported lack of open discussion from family on MHM issues. School facilities and home facilities were associated with menstrual distress. A significant difference in menstrual distress was observed among early and late adolescent girls. Girls attaining early menarche and having irregular periods were more distressed. Literate mothers, working mothers, size of family and father occupation were associated factors of low menstrual distress in this study. Present research has found that a substantial portion of girls‟ menstrual distress level impacting academic performance particularly in terms of school absenteeism seen among 57.1percent girls. The menstrual distress symptoms were significantly interfering with adolescent‟s classroom, examination, assignment extracurricular activities and relationship performance.