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2018 - 20202
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Author: Ekta × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Livelihood status and social mobility among scheduled caste families in Hisar district
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-10) Ekta; Kaushik, Sushma
    The present study was conducted purposively in Hisar district of Haryana state. Five villages having predominately large number (40%) of Scheduled Caste population as per census 2011 were randomly chosen. Forty SC families from each village were randomly selected to constitute a total sample size of 200 respondents Data regarding dependent and independent variables were collected with the help of pre tested interview schedule. The inferences were drawn on the basis of frequency; percentage weighted mean score and Pearson‘s coefficient of correlation. Results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to 35 – 50 year of age, belonged to Chamar caste, were male headed family, were married, having nuclear families with medium family size. Majority of respondents were labor, having monthly family income between Rs.10,001-25,000, were above poverty line and perceived them to be at lower income level. Majority of families used electricity as a source of lighting, cow dung/wood as source of cooking fuel and piped water at home as source of water for drinking. Majority had flush toilets. Selected families had high mean human assets, medium level of house characteristics, family assets and communication assets. However possession of land and livestock, transportation assets and financial assets scored low. Social mobility data indicated that the literacy rate increased significantly over three generation. Work engagement of both genders increased from first to second generation. Significant improvements in their status were perceived by SC respondents over last few years Regarding overall livelihood status, it was negatively and significantly associated with age, while positively and significantly associated with family income, education status and information source utilization. Family size, occupation of head of family, family income, family education status and information source utilization were positively and significantly associated with social mobility. Livelihood status was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with social mobility.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cashless economy: Buying practices of homemakers in Haryana state
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Ekta; Mehta, Manju
    A cashless economy is one in which all transactions are done through plastic cards like credit, debit cards etc. The Government also wants a cashless society. It is beneficial in reducing corruption, reducing cost of printing currency, in reducing cost of cash holding. Electronic transactions history and trail can easily be traced back and this would greatly help the economy in eradication of black money and also provide better convenience to the people. The present study was conducted in two districts i.e. Hisar and Bhiwani of Haryana state with three objectives: (i) to assess the consumer buying practices through cashless economy, (ii) to compare the satisfaction level regarding cashless economy among working and non-working homemakers, (iii) to study constraints faced by consumers in cashless transaction. Two wards each were randomly selected from both district headquarter. In Hisar city ward 16 and ward 20 and in Bhiwani city ward 1 and ward 31 were randomly selected to conduct the study on cashless economy. From each selected wards 50 homemakers having their own bank account were selected purposively through snowball technique. So from each district headquarters 100 homemakers were selected in such a way that 50 were working and 50 were non- working homemakers. Thus, the total number of respondents were 200 homemakers. A presented interview schedule was developed according to the objectives of the study. The results show that maximum number of the respondents (62.0%) belonged to the 36-48 age group, all respondents were married, 98.0% respondents were having nuclear family, 82.0% respondents was medium family education status, 44.5% respondents had high socio economic status, 58.0% respondents had medium level of mass media exposure. All the respondents were buying milk & milk product daily, about one-third (32.5%) respondents were buying fruits and vegetables weekly, all respondents were paying for water and electricity services monthly, majority of respondents i.e. 93.5% buying footwear as per need. Majority of the respondents (90.0%) used cash for the household expenses like fruits & vegetables and both cash and cashless means were used by 77.5% respondents for telephone/ mobile. All the respondents had knowledge about cashless transaction. 98.5% of respondents believed that use of cashless transaction gives satisfaction, majority of the 76.22% respondents used Paytm app, mobile phone was used by 71.5% for cashless transaction, 49.5% respondents had two bank accounts, 48.0% homemakers possessed one credit and debit cards, cheque was used by 51.5% respondents for high value transaction. Advantage of cashless transaction perceived by respondents was ‘fast’, ‘convenient’ and ‘less stress ’secured (rank I WMS-2.88) and perceived disadvantages were ‘someone can steal card and use it’ secured (rank I WMS-2.72). Personal constraints faced by respondents were ‘overspending’ got rank I (WMS-1.86), technical constraints in term of ‘lack of technical knowledge/ Non-tech-savvy of users’ (rank I WMS-2.02), social constraints faced were in terms of ‘lack of trust’ (rank I WMS-1.73). In overall sample, 49.5% respondents had medium level of satisfaction.