Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 17

Open Access
Studies on STCR approach of nutrient management on soil properties under pearl millet-wheat cropping system
(CCSHAU, 2018) Vikas Kumar; Goyal, Vishal
The present investigation was carried out on the ongoing long term experiment of STCR initiated originally in 2009 to study the yield sustainability and maintenance of soil fertility at Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, CCS, HAU, Hisar. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with four replication and seven treatments viz. T1-control, T2- FYM @ 15 t ha-1, T3-RDN & P, T4-STCR with TY 5.5/3.3 t ha-1, T5-STCR with TY 6.0/3.5 t ha-1, T6-STCR-IPNS with TY 5.5/3.0 FYM and T7-STCR-IPNS with 6.0/3.5 FYM yield targets. FYM @ 15 t ha-1 were applied in rabi and kharif season in T2, T6 & T7 plots. The treatments where FYM @ 15 t ha-1 was applied approximately 22 kg N & 15 t ha-1 was reduced from fertilizer nutrients. The results of the experiment revealed that the physical properties of the soil such as bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, aggregate mean weight diameter, soil moisture retention and penetration resistance of the soil improved with addition of organic matter either alone or in combination with fertilizers both at surface 0-15 & subsurface 15-30 cm soil depth. Bulk density decreased by 3.0 to 3.7 % and 3.31 to 4.19 % after 9 years of continuous FYM application in rabi and kharif at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth. Saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 1.17 to 1.22 & 0.54 to 0.61 cm hr-1, water stable aggregates varied from 48.5 to 50.2 % and 43.3 to 47.4 %, soil moisture retention at field capacity from 29.4 to 29.8 & 30.0 to 29.9 % at permanent wilting point from 9.36 to 10.02 & 9.73 to 10.23 % at 0-15 and 15-30 cm, respectively. The chemical and biological properties of the soil such as organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, available NPK and micronutrients increased significantly with addition in FYM @ 15 t ha-1 in rabi and kharif both at surface and subsurface soils. The percent deviation in grain yield of wheat varies from + 0.9 to +4.5 and pearl millet varies from -5.2 to +1.5 in target yield treatments which showed the validity of the target yield equation. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil improved with addition of FYM continuously on long term basis which is due to improvement of physical structure of the soil that may results in more uptakes of nutrients by plants, thus increasing the grain and straw yield for wheat and pearl millet.
Open Access
Effect of sewage water irrigation on physico-chemical properties of different textured soils
(CCSHAU, 2018) Sushil; Garhwal, R.S.
A field survey based study was conducted entitled ―Effect of sewage water irrigation on physico-chemical properties of different textured soils‖ in Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU Hisar taking five locations in Haryana to observe the effect of sewage water irrigation on physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in comparison to the non-sewage water. The five locations selected under study were Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Narwana, Jind and Charkhi Dadri. The sewage as well as non-sewage water quality was tested. The pH, EC, calcium carbonate, CEC, exchangeable cations, micronutrients, available NPK and heavy metals were found higher in the soils irrigated with sewage water as compared to the soils irrigated with non-sewage water. However, the infiltration rate of the soils irrigated with sewage water was observed low as compared to the infiltration rate of soils irrigated with non-sewage water. Further, the significant correlation was observed between the pH, EC and the exchangeable cations and anions. All the heavy metals detected in all the sites were found below the permissible limit. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the scarcity of irrigation water, sewage water can be used in the critical period of growth for life saving of the crops and the savings in terms of micro-nutrient deficiency amelioration practices can be done without expending on expensive nutrient supplements in plants.
Open Access
Evaluation of soil fertility status under different spacings of eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system
(CCSHAU, 2018) Badeshra, Sangam; Bhardwaj, K.K.
The present investigation entitled Evaluation of soil fertility status under different spacings of Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system at Research Farm of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2016-17 to evaluate soil physical, chemical and biological properties and to study the nutrients status in leaf litter fall at different spacing of Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system. Soil samples from different spacings of Eucalyptus plantings viz. 17×1×1 m, 6×1.5 m and 3×3 m were analyzed for different soil properties at 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. Soil bulk density and infiltration rate improved in agroforestry system. There was less effect of different spacings of Eucalyptus trees on soil pH, however electrical conductivity decreased with decrease in spacing between Eucalyptus trees at different depths. Organic matter and availability of nutrients (N, P, K, DTPA extractable micronutrients, dissolved organic carbon and total N) increase significantly at closer spacing (3×3 m) of Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system. Improvement in soil properties under agroforestry was more as compared to sole cropping system. Depth-wise similar trend was observed under different treatment combinations. However the reduction was more in 15-30 cm soil depth. Available N, P, and K content were in the range 102.0- 121.6, 8.3-10.3, and 244.6-278.2 kg/ha respectively. The DTPA extractable micronutrient Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu were in the range 0.8- 1.3, 5.1- 6.7, 6.8- 8.1 and 2.6- 3.1 mg/kg respectively. The percent mineralization rate of nitrogen was in the range 2.5-4.8 %. Mineralization increased significantly by incorporating trees with crops. The microbial biomass C and urease activity increased from 146.7 to 276.1 mg/kg soil and 45.5 to 64.4 g NH4 +-N/g/h respectively.The dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity increased from 88.6 to 183.5 mg TPF/kg soil/24 h and 70.8 to 124.7 mg PNP/kg soil/h respectively. The enzymatic activities were found higest under 3×3 m and these decreased significantly with increase in tree spacing of Eucalypus and devoid of tree treatment. Leaf liter, nutrient content and nutrient addition was found maxium under closer spacing (3×3 m) of agroforestry system. The closer spacing of Eucalyptus returned substantial amount of N (107.4 kg/ha/year) while the average annual input of N, P and K were 95.6, 12.9 and 17.6 kg/ha/year, respectively. The input of Ca and Mg ranged from 96.8 (17×1×1m) to 122.9 (3×3 m) and from 50.4 (17×1×1m) to 63.3 (3×3 m) kg/ha/year, respectively. The total mean micronutrients (Zn, Mn Cu and Fe) return through leaf litter was 6.0 kg/ha/year out of which maximum contributon was of Mn (45%). Therefore, Eucalyptus based agroforestry system improves soil health by enhanced soil organic matter and improved soil properties.
Open Access
Spatial distribution and background levels of heavy metals in different soil series of district Hisar
(CCSHAU, 2018) Louhar, Ganpat; Yadav, Rajpaul
A field survey and laboratory study on “Spatial distribution and background levels of heavy metals in different soil series of district Hisar” was conducted during 2017-18 in five well established soil series which are comes under Aeolian and upper alluvial plain of Hisar district. The surface and profile samples using GPS were collected and analyzed for physicochemical properties, total and soluble concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Co and Ni). The soils of different soil series of Hisar district were moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline (mean pH 8.0-8.5), mean EC (dS m-1) 0.10-0.17 (non saline), low to medium (0.39-0.51%) organic carbon , sandy to sandy clay loam texture with low to moderate (8.64-12.85 cmol kg-1) CEC and calcium carbonate content was < 5 %. The mean ranges of soluble heavy metals concentration were 0.56-1.30, 0.03-0.17, 0.01-0.04, 0.00-0.02 and 0.03- 0.16 mg kg-1 for Pb, Cr, Cd, Co and Ni respectively, which below the permissible limit. The relationship between different physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations in soils were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient which found significant correlations between different quantitative variables such as clay and CEC with pH, EC, OC and silt content; lead with pH, OC, CEC, silt and clay content; chromium with pH, CEC, silt and clay content; cobalt with OC, silt and clay content; nickel with OC, CEC and clay content. The non uniform distribution of total heavy metals contents were found in all series. Background levels of heavy metals in all the series were less than one (<1) showed soils are non-contaminated.
Open Access
Impact of land use on soil properties, nutrient status and heavy metals in soils of district Rohtak
(CCSHAU, 2018) Pankaj Kumar; Rohtas Kumar
In order to study the effect of agriculture, horticulture and industrial land use on soil properties, nutrient status and heavy metals content in soils of Rohtak district. Soil (n=30), groundwater (n=20) and plant (n=10) samples were randomly collected from agriculture, horticulture and industrial land use. One profile sample (i.e. from 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm depth) was also separately collected from each of these land use. The pH of soils is neutral to alkaline in nature. The EC, OC and CaCO3 content was found higher in profile samples of industrial land use. The content of macronutrient (N, P, K and S) in profile samples was found higher under industrial land use and the content these elements decreases with increase in soil depth. The content of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cd) and heavy metals (Co, Cd, Pb and Cr) was also found higher in industrial land use and decreasing trend of micronutrients with soil depth was observed for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cd. The pH, EC and OC content of the surface soil samples varies from 7.20- 8.70, 0.01- 2.90 dSm-1 and 0.02- 0.90 % in samples collected from agriculture, horticulture and collected from industrial land use, respectively. The average concentration N, P and K was found in order: industrial land use > horticulture land use > agriculture land use. The average content of Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ni was found higher under industrial land use and low in horticulture whereas, the content of Ni was found similar in agriculture as well horticulture land use. The average content of heavy metals like Co, Cd, Pb and Cr was also found higher under the industrial land use. Analysis of groundwater samples collected from these different land uses shows that the average of EC, CO3 2-, Cl-, SO4 2-, B, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was found higher in samples from industrial land use than rest of the two land uses. In groundwater samples, the mean content of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni (micronutrients) and Pb, Cr, Co, Cd (heavy metals) was found higher for industrial land use. The average content of P, K and S was found higher under industrial land use but N content was found higher in plant samples from horticulture land use.
Open Access
Characterization, classification and land use planning of soils of Jhumpa Kalan watershed of district Bhiwani
(CCSHAU, 2018) Sahoo, Jyotirmaya; Dinesh
Eight representative pedons of micro watersheds viz., four near to IWMP Motipura (P1), Sainiwas (P3), Jhumpa (P5) and Budhsheli (P7) and four few kms away from IWMP Motipura (P2), Sainiwas (P4), Jhumpa (P6) and Budhsheli (P8) of Jhumpa Kalan Watershed of Bhiwani district, Haryana were studied for morphological, physico-chemical characteristics and classified as per Soil Taxonomy and land capability classification and suitability of soils. Soils of the study area varied in colour from dark brown to dark yellowish brown. The soil texture of pedons varies from sand to loamy sand. The sand content was higher as compared to silt and clay in most of the pedons. The structure was predominantly sub-angular blocky in all pedons except pedon 4, 6 and 8 which had granular pedon. The soils were nonsticky to sticky and non-plastic to plastic consistence. The range of bulk density of different horizons was 1.38 to 1.62 Mg m-3. The available water content varied from 2.04 to 13.78 %. These soils were slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in reaction, non-saline (0.02 to 0.24 ds m-1), non-sodic (ESP <15%) except Ap horizon of pedon 8 having ESP 15.08 %. The CEC varied from 2.21 to 7.85 cmol (P+) kg-1. The cations Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ varied from 2.21 to 5.10, 0.20 to 2.90, 0.08 to 0.42, 0.19 to 0.92 (cmol (P+) kg-1), respectively. Calcium and magnesium were the dominant cations on the exchange complex. The soils were low in organic carbon and available nitrogen ranged from 0.06 to 0.27 % and 42 to 189 kg ha-1, respectively in different horizons and decreasing trend was noticed with depth. Soils were low to medium and low to high in available phosphorus and potassium, respectively. The DTPA-extractable Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in mg kg-1 varied from 0.15 to 0.92, 0.87 to 6.49, 1.03 to 4.99, 0.12 to 0.72, respectively. Due to the presence of ustic/arid soil moisture regime, hyperthermic temperature regime and low organic matter content, the soils were classified into Typic Torripsamments (Pedon 4 and 8)/ Ustipsamments (Pedon 1 and 2) and Typic Calciorchids (Pedon 7)/ Cambiorchids (Pedon-5). The soils were classified as IIs and IIIes according to Land Capability Classification. Soils of Pedon-1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 were classified as marginally suitable class (S3) and almost unsuitable class (N1) of pedon- 4, 6 and 8 according to Soil Irrigability Classification. The soils of the study area were evaluated according to soil suitability criteria for different crops and were found suitable (S1) to moderately suitable (S2) for guar, oilseeds (raya), moderately suitable (S2) to marginally suitable (S3) for pearl millet, gram, forestry and marginally suitable (S3) for cotton, wheat.
Open Access
Effect of foliar application of NPK on sugarcane production and juice quality in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2018) Ranga, Naveen Kumar; Vijay Kumar
An experiment was conducted during 2015-16 at Regional Research Station, Karnal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University to study the effect of foliar application of NPK on cane yield, yield attributes (cane girth (cm), cane length (m) and NMC 000 ha-1), juice quality (sucrose % and CCS %), soil analysis and economics of sugarcane variety CoH119.The experiment included 14 treatments of RDF + alone and different combination of foliar spray of 2 or 3% urea, DAP and MOP with one treatment of control (RDF). The design of the plot wasRBDwith plot size 6m x 6m. The highest number of NMC (92010/ha) and cane yield (78.60 t/ha) was found in RDF + 3% urea + 3% DAP + 3% MOP over control i.e.82942/ha and 67.8 t/ha followed by the treatment RDF + 2% urea + 2% DAP + 2% MOP i.e. 91274/ha and 78.00/ha. Among the various treatment the highest cane length (1.51m) and cane girth (2.60cm) with applicationof RDF + 3% urea +3% DAP + 3% MOP followed by RDF + 2% urea + 2% DAP + 2 % MOP i.e. 1.45m and 2.58cm.The foliar application of RDF + 2% DAP+2% MOP (17.18%,), RDF + 3% Urea + 3% DAP (16.51%) and RDF + 3% DAP +3% MOP (17.49%) gave significantly higher sucrose content over control (16.14%) and the highest sucrose content was observed in RDF + 2% Urea + 2% DAP + 2% MOP (17.82%) and RDF +3% Urea + 3% DAP + 3%MOP (17.86%). Similarly the application of RDF + 2% DAP + 2% MOP (11.52%), RDF + 3% urea + 3% DAP (11.13%) and RDF + 3% DAP + 3% MOP (11.82%) gave significantly higher CCS% and found highest in foliar application of RDF + 2% Urea + 2% DAP + 2% MOP (12.10%) and RDF + 3% Urea + 3% DAP + 3% MOP (12.12%) over control (10.82%).The N concentration (1.50%) and uptake (583kg/ha) in leaves was found highest with the foliar application of RDF + 3% urea + 3% MOP over control 0.28% and 431 kg/ha and the P and K concentration and uptake was maximum in RDF + 3% Urea + 3% DAP + 3% MOP i.e. 0.36% and142kg/ha and 1.44% and570 kg/ha respectively. There was no significant change in physico-chemical properties with the application of different treatment. The highest net return were estimated with the application of foliar spray ofRDF + 3% Urea + 3% DAP + 3% MOP (Rs.133153/ha) and B:C ratio (2.19) followed by RDF + 2% Urea + 2% DAP + 2% MOP (Rs.130453) and B: C ratio (2.17).
Open Access
Long-term effect of continuous cropping on different forms of nutrients in some benchmark soils of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2017) DHEERAJ; DEV RAJ
A study was carried out on different benchmark soil profiles of Haryana to access the nutrient status and their fractions at the Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. A total of eight different soil profiles were selected having respective cropping systems and physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from depths 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60 and 60-90 cm depths in triplicate from each of the soil profiles. The soil samples were analyzed for the determination of various nutrient fractions viz. pH, EC, TOC, carbon fractions, nitrogen fractions, phosphorus fractions, potassium fractions and sulphur fractions. A perusal of the results obtained revealed that among all of the nutrient fractions, soil pH, EC, fractions of potassium and fractions of sulphur were decreased from their initial status in all of the benchmark soil profiles, however soil organic carbon and its fractions, nitrogen fractions and phosphorus fractions were found to be increased from their initial values in all the profiles. Soil pH and EC varied from 7.4 to 8.6 and 0.14 to 0.60 dS/m respectively for the soil profiles. The organic carbon in all of the soil profiles was found to be increased, highest increase being in HAU farm soil under fallow-wheat cropping system. All of the carbon fractions exhibited a net increase in all of the soil profiles just like organic carbon, but with increasing soil depth their respective content was found decreased. A significant positive correlation was observed among OC and its fractions. The nitrogen fractions were found to be increased over the initial status in all benchmark soil profiles. Highest organic, ammonium and nitrate N content was found in Kaul soils alone having a rice-wheat cropping system. The nitrate nitrogen content was found increased in lower depths of soil profiles, contrary to the other two nitrogen fractions which exhibited a decrease as we moved down in soil profile. Phosphorus fractions were also found to be increased from their initial status, where org-P and Ca-P were found highest in RDS farm under fallow-wheat cropping sequence while Al-P and Fe-P were observed to be highest in Kaul soil profile with ricewheat cropping system. All of the phosphorus fractions were following a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth in each soil profile. The various potassium fractions were observed to be decreased in upper soil layers, while in lower depths a net increase in all the K fractions was noted in each of the benchmark soil profiles. Kaul soil profile having rice –wheat cropping system exhibited maximum content of exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium, while Kaithal soils with ricewheat cropping system had highest water soluble potassium content. The contents of organic, inorganic and non-sulphate sulphur were also found decreased from their initial status in all of the benchmark soil profiles. However a decreasing trend was followed by K fractions with increasing soil depth in all soil profiles. Uchani soils had highest organic sulphur content while highest inorganic and non-sulphate sulphur contents were observed in Panipat and Bawal soils under rice-wheat and pearlmillet-raya cropping systems respectively.
Open Access
Distribution and fractionation of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in different soil series of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2017) Rakesh Kumar; Sangwan, P. S.
This study was conducted to determine the depth-wise distribution and concentration of available, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in different soil series of Haryana. Soil samples were collected from each soil series at four different depths using Global Positioning System (GPS). Results showed that the soils were coarse textured to moderately fine textured, neutral to alkaline in reaction, safe in electrical conductivity, low to medium in OC content and non-calcareous to calcareous in nature. The DTPAextractable Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents ranged from 0.16-3.70, 1.81-22.09, 1.79-13.72 and 0.07-2.74 mg kg-1, respectively. Maximum concentration was recorded in surface soil and it decreased with depth. Soil pH in general showed a negative correlation while OC was significantly and positively correlated with DTPA-Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. The overall availability of micronutrient Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu at soil surface was sufficient. There was sharp decrease in nutrient index values for Zn and Fe as compared to Mn and Cu with increase in soil depth. Fifty percent of the profile samples contain available Zn below the critical value while 31.9% of the samples were found deficient in Fe. Whereas, only 2.8 and 4.2% of the profile samples tested were below the critical limit of Mn and Cu, respectively. With regard to distribution of these micronutrients in soil fractions, total amounts of the elements ranged from 36.02 to 72.45 mg kg-1 for Zn and 689.47 to 1560.56 mg kg-1 for Fe, and 329.75 to 427.50 and 18.15 to 49.20 mg kg-1 for Mn and Cu, respectively. A sequential fractionation showed that 0.4-1.9% of total Zn was exchangeable, 2.1-7.7% was OM-Zn and 3.5-17.6% was CaCO3-Zn. The corresponding values for Fe and Mn were 0.01-0.4, 0.3-1.3, 0.2-0.3% and 0.6-1.0, 3.0-11.9, 0.8-4.6%, respectively. The amounts of soil Cu in Ex-, OM- and CaCO3 -, comprised 1.0-2.5, 0.9-2.2 and 8.5-28.7% of total Cu, respectively. The different forms of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu were mainly associated in the residual fraction. The coefficients of correlation (r) for Ex- fractions responded significantly with clay and OC content. Resibound fractions were positively and significantly correlated with most of the soil properties. The results of the incubation study with respect to periodical changes showed that in general as the period of incubation increased, a gradual decrease in soil Zn was noticed up to 60 DAI while the amount of DTPA-extractable Mn and Fe increased initially (up to 10 and 30 DAI, respectively) and thereafter consistent decrease was observed towards the later period of incubation. The DTPA-extractable Cu also showed more or less same release behavior with advancement of incubation period.

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results