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ThesisItem Open Access Seed quality assessment in natural and artificial aged seed of tomato and eggplant(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Nisha; Bhuker, AxayThe seed of two important solanaceous crops tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was procured from Department of Vegetable Science and study was conducted to assess the effect of natural and artificial ageing on seed quality parameters and their correlation and to find out the effect of priming and storage containers on seed quality at Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU Hisar during 2020-2022. Under natural and artificial ageing storage period most of the seed quality parameters showed decreasing trend as the storage period increased in both cloth and polythene bag. Cloth bag maintained the germination upto 12 months while polythene bag maintained germination up to 15 months above Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards (>70%). The polythene bag maintained 60.67 & 64.00% germination while in cloth bag it was 55.67 & 60.00% after 18 months of storage under ambient conditions in tomato and eggplant seeds respectively. The other seed quality parameters i.e. seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour indices, viability percentage, speed of emergence index, seedling establishment, DHA, SOD, CAT, POD were found superior in polythene bag as compare to cloth bag. The mean emergence time and fungus infection was observed less in polythene as compare to cloth bag.The germination percentage after 24 h (72.67, 74.00%) of artificial ageing were found at par with the values of germination after 12 months (73.67, 77.00%) of natural ageing in polythene bag for tomato and eggplant respectively. Seeds primed with GA3 @ 50 ppm can enhance 24.6 percent germination in tomato and 21.2% in eggplant over unprimed seed in 18 months old seed. GA3 @50 ppm is also effective in controlling fungal infection and enhancement of other seed quality parameters i.e. seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour indices, viability percentage, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, dehydrogenase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, speed of emergence index and seedling establishment. It is concluded from the study that polythene bag is a suitable container and GA3@50ppm is suitable priming agent for tomato and eggplant seeds. Germination percentage after 12 months of natural storage can be estimated through accelerated ageing test for 24 hours in tomato and eggplant crop.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of seed treatments on quality of different aged seeds of oat (Avena sativa L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07-20) Rohit; V.S. MorThe present studies entitled “Impact of seed treatments on quality of different aged seeds of oat (Avena sativa L.)” were carried out at Laboratory and field of Department of seed science and technology, CCS HAU, Hisar. The seed treated with Azotobacter+Phosphate solubilizing bacteria enhanced the seed quality in terms of all parameters of fresh, one year old and two year old seed lot of oat and Chlorpyrifos and their combinations showed negative effect on seed quality. Among the three years seed lots, highest performance were observed in freshly harvested seeds for various seed quality parameters i.e radicle emergence (88.69%), speed of germination (54.33), standard germination (93.46%), seedling length (40.94 cm), seedling dry weight (12.37mg), vigour index-I (3,829.30), vigour index-II (1,156.93), field emergence index (9.75), seedling establishment (69.96%) and plant height (28.75cm) at 30 days whereas, the maximum enhancement in standard germination and vigour indices was observed in one year seed lot and the minimum was observed in fresh seed lot. The correlation study shows that the field emergence of oat had positive and significant correlation with germination percentage, seedling length and seedling dry weight. The seedling establishment was also found significantly correlated with vigour index-I, vigour index- II, field emergence and speed of germination. Similarly, field emergence index was significantly correlated with vigour index-I, seedling length, vigour index- II, seedling dry weight, germination percentage and non-significant with speed of germination. The seedling establishment of oat in the field was found to have significant positive correlation with most of the seed quality parameters such as germination percentage, seedling length and seedling dry weight but negative correlation with radicle emergence.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seed treatment on seed quality of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) during storage(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07-20) Aman; Puneeth Raj M.S.The present study entitled ―Effect of seed treatments on seed quality of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) during storage‖ was carried out at laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The seeds of quinoa (Cv. Himshakti) were treated with imidacloprid, thiram, vitavax and polymer along with their combinations and were stored for 10 months. Secondly seeds were primed with water, cobalt chloride, potassium nitrate, calcium chloride and GA3 at 25℃ for 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after 10th month of storage period. All the treatments were evaluated for seed quality parameters viz. seed moisture content (%), speed of germination, germination (%), seedling length (cm), radicle emergence, seedling dry weight (mg), vigour index I & II. Results revealed that seeds treated with Imidacloprid + Vitavax (Thiram + Carboxin) + Polymer were found significantly higher in seed quality parameters followed by Vitavax (Thiram + Carboxin) + Polymer and least was found in control. Seeds stored in polythene bags showed better seed quality than seeds stored in cloth bags. Quinoa seeds primed with GA₃ at 25℃ for 24 h were found significantly higher seed quality parameters compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Maximization of seed yield and quality in cowpea {Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp}(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Digamber; Jakhar, S. SSeed quality is a vital factor in the crop establishment and overall performance of the crop. Cowpea is a crop which is used both as feed and fodder in India. The non-availability of quality seeds of improved varieties is a crucial factor in popularization of fodder crop. Availability of viable and vigorous seed at the planting time is important for achieving targets of agricultural production because good quality seeds act as a catalyst for exhausting the potential of other inputs. Keeping in view the seed quality, investigation was carried out in the laboratory and research farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during year 2019 and 2021. The cowpea variety CS-88 was used for the experiment. The seeds were treated before sowing with three different fungicides i.e. captan, vitavax and bavistin. Three different sowings were done on 30thMarch, 30thMay and 30thJune in order to study the effects of sowing dates.Crop was sprayed with three different nutritional sprays at different growth phases i.e. NPK (18:18:18), NPK (17:44:0) - Urea phosphate and NPK (0:0:50) - SOP Sulphate of potash to study the effecton seed yield and quality. The dates of sowing, seed treatments and foliar sprays have significant effect on seed yield and quality of cowpea. The maximum seed yield (7.81& 7.71 q/ha) with better seed quality was found in 30thMay sown crop followed by (6.99& 6.81 q/ha) 30thMarch sown crop. Lowest seed yield (6.69& 6.63 q/ha) along with poor seed quality was obtained in 30thJune sown crop during the year 2019 and 2021 respectively.The seeds treated with captan provided the maximum (7.76 & 7.69 q/ha) seed yield. The crop can be sprayed with NPK (18:18:18)at vegetative stage to get the higher yield.ThesisItem Open Access Maximization of seed yield and quality in cowpea {Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp}(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Digamber; Jakhar, S. SSeed quality is a vital factor in the crop establishment and overall performance of the crop. Cowpea is a crop which is used both as feed and fodder in India. The non-availability of quality seeds of improved varieties is a crucial factor in popularization of fodder crop. Availability of viable and vigorous seed at the planting time is important for achieving targets of agricultural production because good quality seeds act as a catalyst for exhausting the potential of other inputs. Keeping in view the seed quality, investigation was carried out in the laboratory and research farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during year 2019 and 2021. The cowpea variety CS-88 was used for the experiment. The seeds were treated before sowing with three different fungicides i.e. captan, vitavax and bavistin. Three different sowings were done on 30thMarch, 30thMay and 30thJune in order to study the effects of sowing dates.Crop was sprayed with three different nutritional sprays at different growth phases i.e. NPK (18:18:18), NPK (17:44:0) - Urea phosphate and NPK (0:0:50) - SOP Sulphate of potash to study the effecton seed yield and quality. The dates of sowing, seed treatments and foliar sprays have significant effect on seed yield and quality of cowpea. The maximum seed yield (7.81& 7.71 q/ha) with better seed quality was found in 30thMay sown crop followed by (6.99& 6.81 q/ha) 30thMarch sown crop. Lowest seed yield (6.69& 6.63 q/ha) along with poor seed quality was obtained in 30thJune sown crop during the year 2019 and 2021 respectively.The seeds treated with captan provided the maximum (7.76 & 7.69 q/ha) seed yield. The crop can be sprayed with NPK (18:18:18)at vegetative stage to get the higher yield.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seed treatments on seed quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) during storage(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-10) Rathi, Prashant; M.S., Puneeth RajThe present investigation was carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCA Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to assess “ Effect of seed treatments on seed quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) during storage”. The seeds of onion (Cv. HO-3) was treated with neem oil, nano particles, thiram and chlorpyrifos along with their combinations and stored. Secondly seeds was primed with ethanol, water, GA3, nanoparticles and Trichoderma after 10 months of storage period. All the treatments was evaluated for seed quality parameters viz. test weight (g), standard germination (%), speed of germination, seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), vigour index I & II, electrical conductivity (μS/cm/g), catalase activity (μmoles/min/g), dehydrogenase activity (ODg-1ml-1), peroxidase activity (μmoles/min/g), superoxide dismutase activity (IU/g F wt). Results revealed that seeds treated with T12 – Chlorpyrifos 20 EC + Thiram + ZnO Nano particles were found significantly higher in seed quality parameters followed by T8 - Neem oil + ZnO nano particles + Chlorpyrifos and least was found in control . Secondly seeds primed with ZnO (100 ppm) nano particles were found superior in most of seed quality parameters followed by ZnO (200 ppm) nano particles followed by T9 – ZnO (200 ppm) nanoparticles and least was found in T1 - controlThesisItem Open Access Effect of Early Heat Stress on Wheat Genotypes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Sharma, Sushma; Punia, R. CThe present investigation was carried out to study the effect of early heat stress on germination characters, plant growth and yield parameters along with the seed quality of progeny seeds in twelve wheat genotypes during the years 2016-2019. The seeds were germinated under four different temperatures viz. 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C and then their germination and the vigour potential was assessed after 8 days. In an another experiment, seeds of all genotypes were sown in trays containing sand, cocopeat and vermi-compost and kept in the germinators under above said temperatures continuously for 8 days. The seedlings were then transplanted in field at timely and late sown conditions and different plant growth and yield characters were recorded. The seeds obtained from these plants were further evaluated for seed quality. The results revealed that the highly significant mean squares confirmed the presence of substantial amount of variation and significant difference for all the factors involved in the study. Standard germination along with other vigour parameters were affected by different temperature treatments. Genotypic differences prevailed and the genotypes viz. WH 730, WH 1123, EC 277134 and HD 2967 maintained above 90% germination even at 35°C while PBW 725 and WH 1105 were unable to tolerate heat at the germination stage and their germination reduced drastically at higher temperatures. However, germination percentage at 20°C and 25°C was found statistically at par in all the genotypes. Other vigour parameters were maximized at 25°C. This study concluded that wheat sowing can be done at a mean temperature of around 25°C, this could be a strategy to escape the terminal heat stress by providing the crop a little more time to mature. The catalase and SOD enzymes activities continuously increased with temperature and CAT was found maximum at 35°C and SOD was maximized at 30°C, then it decreased at 35°C. In the second experiment, results revealed that plant height and tillers per plant were highest at 20°C and reduced at higher temperatures. The spike parameters increased with temperature and found highest at 35°C treatment and lowest at 20°C. The overall best performance was shown by the plants germinated at 25°C under both timely sown and late sown environments. The highest grain yield was recorded in the genotype WH 1105 under normal conditions while overall mean highest yield through all the temperatures was obtained in the genotype EC 277134. For all the characters studied, timely sown condition was found better than late sown conditions. Seeds obtained from 20°C treated plants were found best for most of the seed quality parameters. However, standard germination, root length and vigour index-II had maximum values at 25°C treatment. Seeds obtained from 35°C treatment had higher membrane integrity as shown by their lowest electrical conductivity. Treatment of heat under late sown conditions has shown thermo-priming effect and enhanced the standard germination and speed of germination of progeny seeds.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of seed treatments on quality of different aged seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Chhillar, Rahul; Mor, V. SSeed treatment is used to improve germination, field emergence under normal and stressful condition, protects germinating seeds and seedlings against soil and seed borne pathogens/insects, early and uniform establishment and growth which result in direct seed yield through its impact on seed quality and vigor of the crop plants. Present study was conducted during 2019-2021 in the laboratories and research farm of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. To study the influence of seed treatments on quality of different aged seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The efficacy of treatments for vigour and viability of barley seed was tested in laboratory and field trials using fresh seeds, one year old seeds and two year old seeds. It was found that seed treated with Azotobacter + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria enhanced the better seed quality in terms of all parameters of fresh as well as of old seed lots of barley, and Chlorpyrifos showed negative effect on seed quality in various combinations. It is also concluded that enzymatic activities of the catalase, POX and SOD is enhanced by application of biofertilizers on barley seeds During natural ageing, standard germination, test weight, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour indices, speed of germination, seedling establishment and field emergence index decreased significantly and progressively with the ageing period although, after seed treatment with Azotobacter + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria in natural aged lot were improved in respect of all parameters as compared to other treatments but still the performance of old seed lot was very low with all given seed treatments. So we can recommend that always use fresh seed for sowing purpose to maintain the better plant stand in the field and biofertilizers enhanced the seed quality whereas, insecticides retard the seedling growthThesisItem Open Access Effect of high RSC water application along with FYM and gypsum on seed production of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-01) Choudhary, Desh Raj; Avtar SinghThe experiment entitled “Effect of high RSC water application along with FYM and gypsum on seed production of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to find out the effect of high RSC water, farmyard manure and gypsum on growth, phenological parameters, seed yield, seed quality attributes and chemical properties of soil in radish field as well as on economics of different treatments. The treatments comprising of three levels of farmyard manure (0, 10 and 20 t/ha) and three levels of gypsum (0, 50 and 100% neutralization of RSC) were laid out in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replication keeping a net plot size of 3.0 x 3.0 m and Punjab Safed cultivar was used for this study. The application of farmyard manure and gypsum individually and in combination significantly influenced the vegetative growth, phenological parameters, seed yield, seed quality attributes and chemical properties of soil in radish crop under semi-arid conditions of Hisar. Among the interaction combinations, the plant height at 80 days after planting (cm) and at harvest (cm), number of leaves per plant at 80 days after planting, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod formation, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, pod weight (g), pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, seed recovery (%), seed yield per plant (g), seed yield (kg/ha), seed yield (q/ha), biological yield (q/ha), harvest index (%), test weight (g), standard germination percentage, seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), vigour index-I, vigour index-II, net return (`) and benefit cost ratio were recorded significantly maximum in F2G2 treatment where farmyard manure was applied at the rate of 20 t/ha in combination with 100% neutralization of RSC by gypsum during both the years of study. Whereas, significantly minimum pH, EC (dSm-1) and ESP of soil at planting and after harvest, respectively under F2G2 treatment where farmyard manure was applied @ 20 t/ha in combination with 100% neutralization of RSC by gypsum during 2017-18 and 2018-19.
