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Open Access
Seed quality assessment in natural and artificial aged seed of tomato and eggplant
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Nisha; Bhuker, Axay
The seed of two important solanaceous crops tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was procured from Department of Vegetable Science and study was conducted to assess the effect of natural and artificial ageing on seed quality parameters and their correlation and to find out the effect of priming and storage containers on seed quality at Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU Hisar during 2020-2022. Under natural and artificial ageing storage period most of the seed quality parameters showed decreasing trend as the storage period increased in both cloth and polythene bag. Cloth bag maintained the germination upto 12 months while polythene bag maintained germination up to 15 months above Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards (>70%). The polythene bag maintained 60.67 & 64.00% germination while in cloth bag it was 55.67 & 60.00% after 18 months of storage under ambient conditions in tomato and eggplant seeds respectively. The other seed quality parameters i.e. seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour indices, viability percentage, speed of emergence index, seedling establishment, DHA, SOD, CAT, POD were found superior in polythene bag as compare to cloth bag. The mean emergence time and fungus infection was observed less in polythene as compare to cloth bag.The germination percentage after 24 h (72.67, 74.00%) of artificial ageing were found at par with the values of germination after 12 months (73.67, 77.00%) of natural ageing in polythene bag for tomato and eggplant respectively. Seeds primed with GA3 @ 50 ppm can enhance 24.6 percent germination in tomato and 21.2% in eggplant over unprimed seed in 18 months old seed. GA3 @50 ppm is also effective in controlling fungal infection and enhancement of other seed quality parameters i.e. seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour indices, viability percentage, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, dehydrogenase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, speed of emergence index and seedling establishment. It is concluded from the study that polythene bag is a suitable container and GA3@50ppm is suitable priming agent for tomato and eggplant seeds. Germination percentage after 12 months of natural storage can be estimated through accelerated ageing test for 24 hours in tomato and eggplant crop.
Open Access
Maximization of seed yield and quality in cowpea {Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp}
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Digamber; Jakhar, S. S
Seed quality is a vital factor in the crop establishment and overall performance of the crop. Cowpea is a crop which is used both as feed and fodder in India. The non-availability of quality seeds of improved varieties is a crucial factor in popularization of fodder crop. Availability of viable and vigorous seed at the planting time is important for achieving targets of agricultural production because good quality seeds act as a catalyst for exhausting the potential of other inputs. Keeping in view the seed quality, investigation was carried out in the laboratory and research farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during year 2019 and 2021. The cowpea variety CS-88 was used for the experiment. The seeds were treated before sowing with three different fungicides i.e. captan, vitavax and bavistin. Three different sowings were done on 30thMarch, 30thMay and 30thJune in order to study the effects of sowing dates.Crop was sprayed with three different nutritional sprays at different growth phases i.e. NPK (18:18:18), NPK (17:44:0) - Urea phosphate and NPK (0:0:50) - SOP Sulphate of potash to study the effecton seed yield and quality. The dates of sowing, seed treatments and foliar sprays have significant effect on seed yield and quality of cowpea. The maximum seed yield (7.81& 7.71 q/ha) with better seed quality was found in 30thMay sown crop followed by (6.99& 6.81 q/ha) 30thMarch sown crop. Lowest seed yield (6.69& 6.63 q/ha) along with poor seed quality was obtained in 30thJune sown crop during the year 2019 and 2021 respectively.The seeds treated with captan provided the maximum (7.76 & 7.69 q/ha) seed yield. The crop can be sprayed with NPK (18:18:18)at vegetative stage to get the higher yield.
Open Access
Maximization of seed yield and quality in cowpea {Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp}
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Digamber; Jakhar, S. S
Seed quality is a vital factor in the crop establishment and overall performance of the crop. Cowpea is a crop which is used both as feed and fodder in India. The non-availability of quality seeds of improved varieties is a crucial factor in popularization of fodder crop. Availability of viable and vigorous seed at the planting time is important for achieving targets of agricultural production because good quality seeds act as a catalyst for exhausting the potential of other inputs. Keeping in view the seed quality, investigation was carried out in the laboratory and research farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during year 2019 and 2021. The cowpea variety CS-88 was used for the experiment. The seeds were treated before sowing with three different fungicides i.e. captan, vitavax and bavistin. Three different sowings were done on 30thMarch, 30thMay and 30thJune in order to study the effects of sowing dates.Crop was sprayed with three different nutritional sprays at different growth phases i.e. NPK (18:18:18), NPK (17:44:0) - Urea phosphate and NPK (0:0:50) - SOP Sulphate of potash to study the effecton seed yield and quality. The dates of sowing, seed treatments and foliar sprays have significant effect on seed yield and quality of cowpea. The maximum seed yield (7.81& 7.71 q/ha) with better seed quality was found in 30thMay sown crop followed by (6.99& 6.81 q/ha) 30thMarch sown crop. Lowest seed yield (6.69& 6.63 q/ha) along with poor seed quality was obtained in 30thJune sown crop during the year 2019 and 2021 respectively.The seeds treated with captan provided the maximum (7.76 & 7.69 q/ha) seed yield. The crop can be sprayed with NPK (18:18:18)at vegetative stage to get the higher yield.
Open Access
Effect of Early Heat Stress on Wheat Genotypes
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Sharma, Sushma; Punia, R. C
The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of early heat stress on germination characters, plant growth and yield parameters along with the seed quality of progeny seeds in twelve wheat genotypes during the years 2016-2019. The seeds were germinated under four different temperatures viz. 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C and then their germination and the vigour potential was assessed after 8 days. In an another experiment, seeds of all genotypes were sown in trays containing sand, cocopeat and vermi-compost and kept in the germinators under above said temperatures continuously for 8 days. The seedlings were then transplanted in field at timely and late sown conditions and different plant growth and yield characters were recorded. The seeds obtained from these plants were further evaluated for seed quality. The results revealed that the highly significant mean squares confirmed the presence of substantial amount of variation and significant difference for all the factors involved in the study. Standard germination along with other vigour parameters were affected by different temperature treatments. Genotypic differences prevailed and the genotypes viz. WH 730, WH 1123, EC 277134 and HD 2967 maintained above 90% germination even at 35°C while PBW 725 and WH 1105 were unable to tolerate heat at the germination stage and their germination reduced drastically at higher temperatures. However, germination percentage at 20°C and 25°C was found statistically at par in all the genotypes. Other vigour parameters were maximized at 25°C. This study concluded that wheat sowing can be done at a mean temperature of around 25°C, this could be a strategy to escape the terminal heat stress by providing the crop a little more time to mature. The catalase and SOD enzymes activities continuously increased with temperature and CAT was found maximum at 35°C and SOD was maximized at 30°C, then it decreased at 35°C. In the second experiment, results revealed that plant height and tillers per plant were highest at 20°C and reduced at higher temperatures. The spike parameters increased with temperature and found highest at 35°C treatment and lowest at 20°C. The overall best performance was shown by the plants germinated at 25°C under both timely sown and late sown environments. The highest grain yield was recorded in the genotype WH 1105 under normal conditions while overall mean highest yield through all the temperatures was obtained in the genotype EC 277134. For all the characters studied, timely sown condition was found better than late sown conditions. Seeds obtained from 20°C treated plants were found best for most of the seed quality parameters. However, standard germination, root length and vigour index-II had maximum values at 25°C treatment. Seeds obtained from 35°C treatment had higher membrane integrity as shown by their lowest electrical conductivity. Treatment of heat under late sown conditions has shown thermo-priming effect and enhanced the standard germination and speed of germination of progeny seeds.
Open Access
Effect of high RSC water application along with FYM and gypsum on seed production of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-01) Choudhary, Desh Raj; Avtar Singh
The experiment entitled “Effect of high RSC water application along with FYM and gypsum on seed production of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to find out the effect of high RSC water, farmyard manure and gypsum on growth, phenological parameters, seed yield, seed quality attributes and chemical properties of soil in radish field as well as on economics of different treatments. The treatments comprising of three levels of farmyard manure (0, 10 and 20 t/ha) and three levels of gypsum (0, 50 and 100% neutralization of RSC) were laid out in a randomized block design (factorial) with three replication keeping a net plot size of 3.0 x 3.0 m and Punjab Safed cultivar was used for this study. The application of farmyard manure and gypsum individually and in combination significantly influenced the vegetative growth, phenological parameters, seed yield, seed quality attributes and chemical properties of soil in radish crop under semi-arid conditions of Hisar. Among the interaction combinations, the plant height at 80 days after planting (cm) and at harvest (cm), number of leaves per plant at 80 days after planting, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod formation, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, pod weight (g), pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, seed recovery (%), seed yield per plant (g), seed yield (kg/ha), seed yield (q/ha), biological yield (q/ha), harvest index (%), test weight (g), standard germination percentage, seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), vigour index-I, vigour index-II, net return (`) and benefit cost ratio were recorded significantly maximum in F2G2 treatment where farmyard manure was applied at the rate of 20 t/ha in combination with 100% neutralization of RSC by gypsum during both the years of study. Whereas, significantly minimum pH, EC (dSm-1) and ESP of soil at planting and after harvest, respectively under F2G2 treatment where farmyard manure was applied @ 20 t/ha in combination with 100% neutralization of RSC by gypsum during 2017-18 and 2018-19.
Open Access
Influence of micronutrients on seed yield, quality and its storability in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Ravinder Kumar; Sangwan, V.P.S
The present investigation was carried out at Research Farm and in the Laboratories of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to access the effect of micronutrients on seed yield, quality and storability in coriander. The field experiment was carried out in randomized block design with four replications. The experiment consisted of soil and foliar application of micronutrients i.e., (T1) RDF as control, (T2) RDF+ Ferrous sulphate 5 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T3) RDF+ Ferrous sulphate 7.5 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T4) RDF+ Ferrous sulphate 10 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T5) RDF+ Zinc sulphate 3 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T6) RDF+ Zinc sulphate 4 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T7) RDF+ Zinc sulphate 5 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T8) RDF+ Boric acid 2 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T9) RDF+ Boric acid 3 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T10) RDF+ Boric acid 4 Kg/ha (Soil application), (T11) RDF+ water spray, (T12) RDF+ Ferrous sulphate 0.4 % (foliar spray), (T13) RDF+ Ferrous sulphate 0.5 % (foliar spray), (T14) RDF+ Ferrous sulphate 0.6 % (foliar spray), (T15) RDF+ Zinc sulphate 0.4 % (foliar spray), (T16) RDF+ Zinc sulphate 0.5 % (foliar spray), (T17) RDF+ Zinc sulphate 0.6 % (foliar spray), (T18) RDF+ Boric acid 0.2 % (foliar spray), (T19) RDF+ Boric acid 0.3 % (foliar spray), (T20) RDF+ Boric acid 0.4 % (foliar spray). Foliar applications of micronutrients were done at 45 and 90 DAS. Results showed that, seed yield was increased significantly (16.59 and 17.27 q/ha during 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively) when the crop received soil application with 5 kg zinc sulphate/ha (T7) over control. Application of micronutrients showed positive effect for all the growth, yield and yield attributes viz, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, fresh weight per plant (60, 105 DAS and at harvest), dry weight per plant (60, 105 DAS and at harvest) number of branches per plant, plant height at harvest (cm), number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel, number of seeds per umbellets, number of seeds per umbel, seed yield per hectare (q), biological yield per hectare (q) and harvest index (%). Soil application with 5 kg zinc sulphate/ha (T7) recorded significantly maximum standard germination (%), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), vigour index – I & II, enzyme activity, speed of germination and seedling establishment. From the storage studies, it was concluded that all the seed quality parameters were decreased after 18 months of storage.
Open Access
Biochemical and physiological changes in seed quality of Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell] under different salinity levels
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2019) Hemender; Mor, V. S
The present study was planned to standardize the hydropriming protocol and evaluate the effect of different seed priming treatments on seed quality and plant growth of three wheat varieties under different salinity levels. Results revealed that mean sum of squares were significant for all the factors studied indicating sufficient magnitude of variations. The work on standardization of hydropriming indicated that volume of water and duration of soaking significantly influenced the seed performance and highest germination and vigour was observed at 12 hours soaking duration in equal volume closely followed by 8 hours with double volume and a decline was observed at 16 and 20 hours. The seedling vigour at 25°C increased as compared to 20°C level but, germination percentage showed a minor reduction at 25°C. Seed priming with saline water was found to produce a negative effect on seed quality as it showed a reduction in all the parameters with increase in salinity of the priming solution as compared to simple water. Low (2 and 4 dSm-1) and moderate (6 and 8 dSm-1) salinity adversely affect the speed of germination and early seedling growth but not showing much effect on the germination percentage, but, salinity above 8dSm-1 also decreased the percent germination. The salinity also produced detrimental effects on plant morphological development and yield. All the plant growth and yield attributing parameters reduced with rise in salinity and highest effect was shown on tillering at high salinity levels which resulted in 90% decrease in grain yield at 12 dSm-1 as compared to control. Among the genotypes, KRL 213 showed its salt tolerance potential and performed better than WH 1105 and WH 1124 at high salinity whereas, WH 1124 showed some sort of tolerance at moderate level of salt stress. Seed priming with different chemical agents proved to be beneficial under saline conditions as it improved the germination and seed vigour as compared to unprimed seed. Priming with CaCl2, salicylic acid and GA3 showed the salinity mitigating effect and highest values for most of the seed vigour parameters and plant growth and yield traits
Open Access
Studies on Seed Quality Enhancement and Storability in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2019-09) Suryapal Singh; Sangwan, V.P.S
The present study entitled “Studies on Seed Quality Enhancement and Storability in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)” was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar for a period of 18 months during 2017-2019 under ambient conditions on cultivar Hiasr Swarup (HF 33) of fennel to ascertain the influence of seed pelleting and priming on seed quality and also the combined effect of both on the storability of fennel seeds. The present research comprised of the three different experiments, which were laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and consisting of 7 pelleting and 15 priming treatments with three replications to assess the different physiological and biochemical parameters in fennel. In the first experiment, fennel seeds responded well to different pelleting treatments. The physiological parameters (standard germination, speed of emergence, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour indices) and biochemical parameters (catalase, peroxidase, dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activity) increased on pelleting with Captan @3 g/kg + Imidacloprid@ 2g/kg followed by neem leaf powder (100 g/kg seeds), whereas, electrical conductivity was recorded minimum in above pelleting treatments. In the second experiment, priming with Trichoderma viride (8g/kg seed) or KNO3 (1%) significantly improved the physiological and biochemical parameters, which increased significantly over the control, apart from electrical conductivity. In the third experiment, the seed quality relating to physiological and biochemical traits decreased with advancement in storability except for electrical conductivity. Better retention of seed quality characters viz., standard germination, speed of emergence, seedling dry weight, vigour indices along with biochemical characters was observed in the seeds pelleted with Captan (3 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2 g/kg) followed by KNO3 (1%) and neem leaf powder (100 g/kg seeds) after 18 months of storage (except seedling length and seed vigour index-I). The minimum EC was recorded in seeds primed with Trichoderma viride (8g/kg seed), followed by KNO3 (1%) and seeds pelleted with Captan @3 g/kg + Imidacloprid @2 g/kg. Hence, it can be concluded that in order to maintain better seed quality of fennel during storage, seed pelleting proved superior over seed priming that ought to be given as pre-sowing treatment not as pre-storage treatment.
Open Access
Studies on effect of picking stages, seed treatments and containers on seed quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Malik, Sunil Kumar; Jakhar, S.S.
The present study was carried out in the field and laboratories of Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018-2020 to study the effect of picking stages, seed treatments and containers on seed viability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The best picking stage of okra for quality seed production was found on the fruits developed on middle nodes (6th to 10th) as compare to lower (1st to 5th) and upper nodes (11th to 15th). The seeds obtained from middle nodes were used for further studies. To study the effect of seed treatment with different fungicides and botanicals, seven fungicides (carbendazim, tebuconazole, difeconazole, flusilazole, chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin and vitavax power) and three botanicals (Pongamia, neem and turmeric) were used. The treated seeds were kept in three different containers viz., Polythene bag, hermetic bag and metal box up to 18 months at ambient room conditions. Among the interaction effects of fungicide with containers, the seed treatment with azoxystrobin stored in metal box was found superior. While the interaction effect of botanicals with containers, the seed treatment with neem leaf powder stored in metal box was found best. During the entire period of this study, it was revealed that the germination was maintained above Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards (>65%). All the seed quality parameters (germination, shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, vigour indices-I & II, catalase, superoxidase dismustase, dehydrogenase and peroxidase) were declined with the advancement of storage time except electrical conductivity. The present study also indicated that the fungicide treated seeds showed better performance than botanical treated seeds

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