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20212
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Subject: Nematology × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation, identification and evaluation of indigenous fungal bio-agents against Meloidogyne incognita in okra
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07) Saharan, Ritul; Patil, J.A.
    Investigations were carried out for the Isolation, identification and evaluation of indigenous fungal bio-agents against Meloidogyne incognita in okra both under in-vitro and pot house conditions. Under in-vitro condition, the effect of fungal isolates on egg hatching inhibition and juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita was assessed at various concentrations, i.e., 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. Among all the isolates, Trichoderma asperellum FbMi-6 gave significantly highest and maximum mortality of root-knot nematode juvenile followed by Trichoderma asperellum FbMi-4, at all the four concentrations. The highest mortality of juveniles was observed at 80% concentration. For hatching inhibition of root-knot nematode at all the different concentrations, i.e., 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% showed that all fungal isolates inhibited the hatching of root-knot nematode as compared to the untreated check. Significantly highest and maximum egg hatching inhibition was observed in Trichoderma asperellum FbMi-6 followed by Trichoderma asperellum FbMi-4. The rate of juvenile hatching of all the isolates was inversely proportional to the concentration of culture filtrate. The nematicidal activity of the culture filtrates of Trichoderma isolates increased with the increase in the concentration of the filtrates and the time of exposure. Under pot conditions, significantly highest plant growth parameters (plant height, fresh shoot and root weight, dry shoot and root weight, germination percentage and germination vigour) were achieved in neem cake enriched with T. asperellum FbMi-6 @ 20g kg-1 soil followed by neem cake enriched with T. asperellum FbMi-4 @ 20g kg-1 soil. Numbers of galls per plant, number of eggs per egg mass, number of egg masses per plant, final nematode population and reproduction factor were significantly lowest in T. asperellum FbMi-6 @ 20g kg-1 soil followed by neem cake enriched with T. asperellum FbMi-4 @ 20g kg-1 soil. Higher amount of polyphenols, total chlorophyll, nitrogen balance index, anthocyanin and flavonoids in neem cake enriched with T. asperellum FbMi-6 @ 20g kg-1 soil as compared with untreated inoculated check.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Population development and management of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in rice
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Rohit Kumar; Vinod Kumar
    Investigation was carried out on “Population development and management of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in rice”. In population development on different soil-types, growth parameter of rice and population development of M. graminicola was studied in four different types of soil viz., sandy loam, loamy sand, clay loam and sandy soil. Maximum and significantly higher growth parameters of rice was observed in clay loam soil followed by loamy sand, sandy loam and sandy soil. Nematode multiplication and reproduction was significantly highest in sandy soil followed by sandy loam, loamy sand and clay loam. In different water regimes experiment, growth parameter of rice and population development of M. graminicola was studied in four different water regimes viz., irrigation after 24 hours, irrigation on alternate days, flooded and saturated. Maximum and significantly higher growth parameters of rice was recorded in flooded condition followed by saturated condition, irrigation after 24 hours and irrigation on alternate day. Nematode multiplication and reproduction was significantly highest in irrigation on alternate day followed by irrigation after 24 hours, saturated condition and flooded condition. For screening, out of 47 genotypes of rice were screened, four genotypes (HKR 09-189, HKR 09-93, IR 95780-43-1-1-1 and NVSR 2098) showed resistant reaction and 15 genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction against M. graminicola. Remaining genotypes were either susceptible or highly susceptible reaction against M. graminicola. Under nursery condition, maximum and significantly higher plant growth parameters of rice were observed in plants treated with neem cake enriched with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 g/pot followed by FYM enriched with Trichoderma viride @ 50 g/pot. It was found that nematode reproduction and multiplication parameters such as number of galls/seedling, no. of eggs/seedling and final nematode population were significantly reduced in neem cake @ 50 g/pot + P. fluorescens @ 50 g/pot. Between different organic amendments higher plant growth parameters were obtained in neem cake than FYM. Similarly, in case of bio-agents, significantly higher plant growth parameters were observed in neem cake enriched with P. fluorescens followed by T. viride and Purpureocillium lilacinum.