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Theses

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201722
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on genetic divergence and inter-relationship among yield and its component traits in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Nguyen Ngoc Vu; Arya, Rajesh Kumar
    This investigation entitled “Studies on genetic divergence and inter-relationship among yield and its component traits in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]” was carried out at Directorate of Farms, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana, India) during Kharif season 2017. The observations were recorded on yield and its component traits to assess the genetic diversity and inter-relationship in 30 cowpea genotypes. The genotype PL-3 was found highest seed yielding (47.78g). The GCV and PCV were observed high for biological yield per plant, plant height, harvest index, number of clusters per plant, pod yield per plant, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, pod weight and days to 50% flowering. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for traits viz., biological yield per plant, plant height, harvest index, number of clusters per plant, seed yield per plant, pod yield per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of branches per plant, pod weight, days to 50% flowering, 100 seeds weight, number of seeds per pod, days to maturity and pod length. Seed yield per plant exhibited highest and positive significant phenotypic correlation with number of pod per plant, pod yield per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, pod weight, number of seeds per pod and harvest index. Path analysis revealed harvest index, biological yield per plant, pod yield per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant mainly directly contributed on seed yield per plant. This suggested that direct selection based on these traits would result in higher improving seed yield per plant. Based on Mahalanobis’s D2 analysis, the 30 cowpea genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The maximum intra-cluster average D2 value was shown by cluster V (19.85). The highest inter-cluster average D2 values was found between clusters III and VI (52.08), which showed that maximum genetic diversity is present between the genotypes of these two clusters. Therefore, the crossing between the genotypes of most divergence clusters i.e. III (KBC-8, GC 901, VCP 09-019, KBC-6, PTB- 1, UCP 12-007) and VI (TC 150) could be able to produce high seed yielding transgressive segregants.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability and correlation studies in fababean (Vicia faba L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Dewangan, Narendra Kumar; Dahiya, G.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic variability and correlation studies in fababean (Vicia faba L.)”, was carried out at the, Research area of MAP (Medicinal, Aromatic and Potential Crops) Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana, India) during Rabi 2015-16. The observations were recorded for different morphological characteristics and quantitative to assess the genetic diversity in 80 fababean genotypes. The observations were also recorded on 10 seed yield and its component traits for these genotypes to assess the genetic diversity. The GCV and PCV were observed highest for 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant and number of clusters per plant but lowest for days to maturity. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant, indicated additive gene effects. Seed yield per plant had a positive and highly significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Path cofficient analysis indicated that 100 seed weight had the highest direct and positive effect on seed yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to 50% flowering, number of branches per plant, plant height. The direct negative effects were observed for pod length, clusters per plant and days to maturity. The hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped 80 fababean genotypes into seven clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance which was observed in cluster VI followed by cluster VII, cluster II, cluster V, cluster I, cluster III and cluster IV. A maximum inter cluster distance showed between cluster VI and cluster I which means that maximum genetic diversity is present between the genotypes of these two clusters. On the basis of mean values and divergence 14 genotypes viz. EC-591828, EC-628922, EC-628929, EC-628940, EC-628955, EC-628957, ET-3104, ET-3128, ET-3131, ET-3160, ET-4105, ET-4107, HB-82 and HB-85 were identified as promising for various characters showed sufficient amount of genetic diversity for seed yield and its component traits which may be used in fababean breeding programmes for further improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes for seed yield and other traits under rainfed conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Manjeet; Verma, P.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes for seed yield and other traits under rainfed conditions” was conducted during Kharif, 2016 to evaluate 24 genotypes of sesame to determine the magnitude of variability for various morphological and seed quality parameters as well as to study the character association between seed yield and its contributing traits. Analysis of variance revealed considerable amount of variability among genotypes for most of the characters under study. Among morphological traits, GCV & PCV were highest for seed yield per plant and harvest index. High to moderate heritability (broad sense) was recorded for most of the traits under study while high genetic advance as per cent of mean coupled with high heritability (broad sense) were observed for number of branches per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. Seed yield per plant showed significant and positive correlation with number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000- seed weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index while standard germination showed significant and positive correlation with all the seed quality traits. Harvest index, biological yield per plant, number of seeds per capsule and number of capsules per plant had positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. So, combined results of correlation coefficient and path analysis revealed that number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, harvest index and biological yield per plant are major components of seed yield and shoot length, seedling length and seedling vigour index I are major components of standard germination.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetics and molecular studies for Alternaria blight, seed yield, its component characters in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Geeta Devi; Thakral, N.K.
    Alternaria blight is one of the major biotic stresses in Indian mustard and reduces yield by 32-38% worldwide. The present study was undertaken with the objectives (i) To study the nature and magnitude of gene effects responsible for seed yield, its component characters, and Alternaria blight. (ii) To determine general and specific combining ability effects for different traits. (iii) To study polymorphism in parents using molecular markers. To achieve these objectives, 13 Indian mustard genotypes were sown in oilseed research area during 2014-15 and develop 30 TTC families during 2015-16 in RBD with 3 replications in triple test cross mating design. Observations were recorded on 12 morphological parameters. For second experiment (line x tester) 13 Indian mustard genotypes were sown during 2014-15 and develop 30 crosses during 2015-16 in RBD with 3 replications. Observations were recorded on 11 morphological parameters. SSR analysis was also carried out using 105 primers. ANOVA revealed significant differences among 13 genotypes for all the traits studied. Based upon triple test cross analysis all characters are studied were observed to posses epistasis, in both the environments except number of seeds per siliqua and oil content in late sown condition. Days to maturity, main shoot length, number of siliquae on main shoot, siliqua length, no of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight and oil content in both the environments, plant height, no. of primary branches and Alternaria blight intensities under late sown environment are governed by the additive gene effects. In contrast, no. of secondary branches and seed yield per plant in both the environments, no. of primary branches and Alternaria blight intensities in timely sown environment are controlled by the dominance gene effects. On the basic of line x tester analysis mean squares due to crosses were also significant for all the traits which depicted presence of heterosis for all the traits, except for number of seeds per siliquae and oil content. Main shoot length, siliquae on main shoot and seed yield per plant are controlled by additive genetic variance which revealed that these traits may be used for selection. Plant height, days to maturity, no of primary branches, no. of secondary branches, siliqua length, no of siliqua on main shoot, no of seed per siliquae and oil content are govrned by dominant genetic variance. GCA effects revealed that RH9304 and RH 1378 were good general combiner for majority of the characters. High GCA effects are related to additive gene effects or additive x additive interaction which represent the fixable genetic component of variation. Hence these parents could be efficiently used for exploiting seed yield. For seed yield the crosses RH1368 x RH1372, RH0923 x RH1371 and NPJ112 x RH1378 were identified as promising on the basis of their high per se performance, along with high significant SCA effects and these crosses are capable of producing progenies with high transgressive effects. These crosses could be extensively used in breeding programme to develop superior segregants could be derived in further breeding programmes. Molecular analysis was done using 105 SSR primers and 39 primers showed polymorphism. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree analysis led to the grouping of sixteen genotypes into two major clusters with similarity index 0.55. Out of 105 primers, primer ENA2 have maximum PIC value and indicating that this primer show maximum contribution for diversity analysis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of recombinant inbred lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) for agronomical traits and Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica) resistance
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Duong thi Lan Oanh; Dhanda, S.S.
    The present investigation was conducted to determine genetic diversity among the recombinant inbred lines for agronomical traits and Karnal bunt resistance in bread wheat. The experiment was conducted during crop season 2013-14 using 95 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from genotypes H567 (Karnal bunt resistant) and WH 542 (Karnal bunt susceptible).The RILs along with their parents were evaluated for Karnal bunt disease infection, agronomic traits, namely, plant height, number of tiller/plant, days to flowering, day of maturity, ear length, number of spikelets/ spike, number of grain/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, biomass/plant, harvest index and quality parameters, namely, hectoliter weight, protein content, gluten content and sedimentation value. The experimental material was evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications with a plot size of 1 rows of 3 m length. The results showed that coefficient of infection (CI) for Karnal bunt was the range from 0.00 to 17.8 %. Total of 71 RILs were highly resistant (0.00% infection), 9 were resistant (0-5%) infection and remaining were in the susceptible category. The mean squares due to genotypes indicated sufficient variation among the RILs for all the traits. High phenotypic coefficient of variation, high heritability and genetic advance was observed for grain yield and biomass/ plant, while, moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance was observed for grains/ spike. The phenotypic correlation coefficients of grain yield per plant were significant positive for tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight, number of grain/ spike, spike length, spikelet‟s/ spike, biomass per plant, harvest index and negative with days to 50% heading. Principal component analysis showed that six factors were found significant to explain cumulatively 92.5% variation. The PC-1 was associated with number of grain per spike, spike length and spikelet per spike. PC-2 showed a strong and positive association with grain yield per plant, gluten content and harvest index. The diversity analysis revealed considerable divergence among the RILs. The RIL number 78, 69 and 76 were better for the grain yield and its components, while the RILs numbers 82, 81, 80, and 89 had high expression for other agronomic traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity analysis for heat tolerance in wheat [Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell]
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Neeru; Panwar, I.S.
    The present investigation entitled Genetic Diversity Analysis for Heat Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)” was conducted on 592 accessions of wheat during 2014-15 at IIWBR, Karnal and on sixty genotypes of wheat during 2016-17 to evaluate genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence for the identification of most diverse and promising genotypes. Observations were recorded on various morphological and physiological characters. A considerable amount of genetic variability was observed among all the genotypes for all the characters under study. From principal component analysis (PCA) the first six components account for more than 65% of the total variance among the germplasm were found. Grain yield per meter and effective tillers per meter showed moderate value of PCV and GCV under both timely and late sown condition. Above mentioned traits also showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Grain yield showed positive and significant correlation with effective tillers per meter, canopy temperature under timely sown and with days to anthesis, plant height, effective tillers per meter, canopy temperature and grain weight under late sown condition. Path analysis revealed that effective tillers per meter had highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by days to anthesis, grain weight, canopy temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence under both the conditions. D2 analysis grouped 60 genotypes into7 clusters for both timely and late sown conditions. Cluster IV and VII under timely cluster I and VI under late sown condition exhibited maximum inter cluster distance. Therefore, genotypes in these clusters may be used to produce the superior progenies and transgressive segregants. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree as well as two and three dimensional PCA analysis led to the grouping of 30 genotypes into two groups at similarity index of 0.67. The group I was very large and include 29 genotypes while group II includes only one genotype (ATLAS 66) which indicates that this genotype was highly diverged with respect to other genotypes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotyping and phenotyping of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.] hybrids and their parental lines
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Suman; Chhabra, A.K.
    Present study was carried out to characterize pearlmillet hybrids and their parental lines and resemblance between hybrids and their parents. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] was studied using 28 morpho-agronomic traits (15 qualitative and 13 quantitative) and 47 SSR markers. Significant mean sum of squares indicated sufficient variation in the lines. Correlation coefficient analysis during 2011-12 revealed that leaf sheath length, leaf blade length, leaf blade width, number of nodes/ plant, spike length, spike girth, number of productive tillers/ plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight, fresh fodder weight, dry fodder weight have positive and significant correlation with grain yield and during 2012-13, leaf sheath length, leaf blade length, number of nodes/ plant, spike girth, plant height, 1000 seed weight, fresh fodder weight and dry fodder weight have positive and significant correlation with grain yield. Resemblance between hybrids and their parents was higher at molecular level than morphological level. Genotyping with 14 polymorphic markers revealed that Xipcs is highly informative primer as it had highest PIC value (0.49) followed by Xpsmp 2089 (0.48).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular characterization and inheritance of yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Jagdale, Vijay Rajaram; Punia, M.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Molecular characterization and inheritance of yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)”, was consisted of six generations i.e. parents (P1 and P2), F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 of eight crosses viz., DBW 17 x WH 1105, DBW 17 x RAJ 3765, DBW 17 x WH 1021, DBW 17 x WH 542, LASSIK x WH 542, LASSIK x WH 1021, LASSIK x RAJ 3765 and LASSIK x WH 1105 to study the inheritance and molecular aspects of yellow rust resistance and genetics of quantitative traits including grain yield and its component traits. The experiments were conducted in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India during two successive years of Rabi seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16. The field results have shown that inheritance of yellow rust was governed by two dominant genes which were also confirmed by SSR marker analysis. It has been observed that there was a strong association between field results for inheritance of yellow rust and SSR marker studied. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for all traits studied. The C and D scales were also significant for most of the characters indicating thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additive component was significant for most of the characters and even as preponderant in magnitude over the dominance component. Additive x additive (i), additive x dominance (j) and dominant x dominant (l) type of interaction were reported significant for most of the characters. However, the magnitude and direction of the different gene effect estimates were changing from cross to cross. Additive component was found significant for most of the characters, however, dominance gene effects were also found significant for some characters. Duplicate type of interaction was recorded for the characters viz., spike weight and number of grains per spike in the cross DBW 17 x WH 1105, number of tillers per plant and number of grains per spike in the cross DBW 17 x RAJ 3765, number of tillers per plant, grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant in the cross DBW 17 x WH 1021, spike weight, number of spikelets per spike, grain yield per plant and biological yield pre plant in the cross DBW 17 x WH 542, spike weight in the cross LASSIK x WH 542, plant height and number of spikelets per spike in the cross LASSIK x WH 1021, plant height, spike length and number of grains per spike in the cross LASSIK x RAJ 3765 and spike length in the cross LASSIK x WH 1105. The differences between GCV and PCV values were less which showed least influence of environment. Grain yield per plant showed significant positive correlations with spike length, spike weight, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant. Total 136 SSR primers were used in the present study. Out of the 136 primers, 44 primers (including 12 Yr specific primers) were found to be polymorphic and 83 primers were monomorphic and 9 primers did not show amplification. It was confirmed by NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree and dendrogram that two parents were most genetically diverse and the progeny lines were interspersed between the two parents for yellow rust in all the crosses.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotypic variability in wheat and triticale for grain yield and its components under normal and late sown conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Suresh; Bishnoi, O.P.
    The objectives of present investigation were to determine the genetic variability, estimation of association between grain yield and its component traits and among themselves to find out the correlation with agro-meteorological parameters of 28 genotypes of wheat and triticale under two dates of sowing. Significant variability was observed among genotypes for all the traits under both the environments. Genotypes WH1105, WH1142, HD 3086, WHD 948 and TL 3004 have been found promising for grain yield under favorable environment. Grain yield per plant showed highly significantly and positive phenotypic correlation with biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. The path coefficient analysis revealed that Biological yield per plant registered the highest direct and positive effects on grain yield per plant followed by harvest index. Nutrient uptake and use efficiency was higher in triticale and synthetic wheat under late sown conditions. Triticale and synthetic have a low value of HSI showing its low susceptibility to elevated temperature which can be utilized in heat tolerance breeding programme.