Loading...
Theses
Browse
8 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability among the accessions of Sesbania species for morphological and biochemical markers(CCSHAU, 2005) Poonam Rani; SubhadraField experiment and isozymic analysis on 40 accessions of Sesbania were carried out with the objectives: (i) to estimate variability among accessions of Sesbania using various isozymes and morphological markers and (ii) to establish relationship among accessions using these parameters. The accessions were grown in randomized block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on 15 variables viz., plant height (at 20 and 60 days after sowing, and at maturity), green biomass, dry weight, number of root nodules, fresh weight of root nodules, leaf length, leaves per plant, leaflets per leaf, number of pods per plant , pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Significant genotypic differences were observed for all the 15 morphological characters. Accession EC 493668 (T21) from Australia was identified for its direct exploitation as a cultivar. Seed yield showed positive correlation with number of pods, number of seeds per pod, pod length, leaf length and plant height at maturity. Weight of root nodules, number of pods and pod length showed high positive direct and indirect effects contribution towards their correlation with seed yield. Seed yield and its components showed medium to high heritability and genetic advance. UPGMA method with Euclidean distances based on agromorphological traits grouped accessions into seven clusters. Accessions T3 from cluster 1 and T24 from cluster 7 were recommended for hybridization programme for improvement of grain yield. Cluster 7 showed high inter cluster distance from clusters namely cluster 2, 3 and 4. The accessions were fingerprinted for 6 isozyme systems (acid phosphatase, amylase, catalase, glutamate dehydrogenase, peroxidase and malate dehydrogenase) and grouped the accessions into 11 clusters. Malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase exhibited maximum unique isozymic patterns i.e. 38 and 31, respectively followed by acid phosphatase, amylase, peroxidase and catalase. None of the enzyme system could alone distinguish all the accessions individually, however, a combination of any of the two enzyme systems may be used to distinguish all 40 accessions uniquely. Majority of accessions of S. rostrata were grouped together in one cluster in both agromorphological and isozymic data analysis. Both analyses indicated that geographical diversity is important but not the sole factor determining the genetic diversity.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization of advanced lines of wheat for resistance to Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica)(CCSHAU, 2005) Minakshi Devi; Ahuja, UmaWheat (Triticum aestivum) occupies the prime position among cereals. In India, it is the second most important cereal crop next to rice. Its production and quality is highly affected by various diseases. One such disease is Karnal bunt caused by the fungus Neovossia indica. The present study was conducted on two genotypes, Aldan (resistant) and WH 542 (susceptible), and their inbred lines (97) to screen these inbred lines for resistance to Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica) and to study DNA polymorphism among these lines using RAPD markers. The range of per cent infection (PI) and coefficient of infection (CI) on the RILs was 0-72.4% and 0-21.08%, respectively. Per cent infection and coefficient of infection showed significant variations among all the advanced lines of wheat. The chi-square data indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for Karnal bunt resistance. Conditions for genomic DNA isolation and RAPD marker based PCR analysis were optimized. A good quality, high molecular weight genomic DNA was obtained which resolved as a single band. Clear and reproducible bands were generated by PCR amplification conditions of 50 ng genomic DNA, 3.5 μl of 10X Taq DNA polymerase buffer, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 100 μM of each dNTPs, 0.2 μM primer and 1.5 units of Taq DNA polymerase in 35 μl reaction mix at 38°C annealing temperature. Out of 25 RAPD primers used, two primers, OPM-15 and 24* did not amplify DNA of any of the parents. Four primers, OPAS-06, OPD-03, OPD-08 and OPE-01 amplified genomic DNA of parent WH 542 only. Nineteen primers showed amplification in both the parents and generated 41 alleles. The range of alleles was 1-5 with an average number of 2.15 alleles per locus. The genetic similarity coefficient between the two parental genotypes was 0.674 at 19 RAPD loci. The cluster analysis led to distribution of both the parental genotypes and the bulks in to two groups. Group 1 was further divided into two subgroups. Subgroup-I had Aldan and subgroup-II had resistant and susceptible bulks. Two subgroups merged at similarity coefficient of 0.82. Group-II had WH 542 alone, which merged with group-I at similarity coefficient of 0.48. Primer OPN-09 was found to be associated with Karnal bunt resistance in wheat. This information is helpful for rapid transfer of resistance in wheat lines.ThesisItem Open Access Genotypic variation for starch, protein, seed yield and its attributes in pearl millet(CCSHAU, 2005) Choudhary, Sunita; Kakar, P.S.Characterization of 66 genotypes of pearl millet was carried out for grain starch per cent, grain protein per cent, grain yield per cent and other quantitative characters. High significant differences were observed among the 66 inbreds for all the 19 characters studied. High broad sense heritability (> 80 %) was recorded for grain starch, grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, dry fodder weight, days to maturity, starch recovery, ear length and main ear grain weight whereas moderate high heritability (> 70%) for main ear grain number, grain filling rate, ear girth, growth rate and plant height. Expected genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean was high for starch recovery, dry fodder weight, grain yield per plant, main ear grain weight, growth rate and main ear grain number. Grain yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with eight characters i.e. main ear grain weight, total ear weight, growth rate, dry fodder weight, plant height, effective tillers and ear length. Grain starch showed no significant correlation with any character. The grain protein and starch recovery were negatively correlated with grain yield per plant and positive association among them. Path coefficient analysis identified main ear grain weight per plant to be direct contributor to grain yield per plant having highest direct and indirect effects in influencing grain yield per plant via total ear weight, plant height, main ear grain number, growth rate, dry fodder weight, 500-grain weight, ear length, grain filling rate and days to 50% flowering. High alcohol yield was expected per unit of grain.ThesisItem Open Access Efficient plant regeneration, in vitro selection for heat tolerant soybean cell lines and their characterization using protein and isozyme markers(CCSHAU, 2005) Seema Devi; Punia, M.S.The present investigation was planned to study the callus induction and plant regeneration in soybean genotypes to screen the genotypes under in vitro and in vivo conditions and to find out the association between in vitro and in vivo screening for temperature tolerance using ten soybean genotypes (PK 416, PK 472, DS 9804, SL 518, PK 1042, JS335, DS 9814, AMS 97-1 and AMS97-2). Callusogenesis and plant organogenesis varied depending upon genotype, explant and medium used. Genotype DS 9804 was found most suitable for callus formation out of the two genotypes tested for callus formation and the MSS4 medium (MS0 salts + B5 vitamins + 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.5 mg/l kinetin) was found better for callus induction. PK 416 genotype was found to be better having highest plant regeneration and average number of shoots / explant. MSR2 (MS0 salts + B5 vitamins + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 5.0 mg/l kinetin + 0.5 mg/l IAA) medium was found to be better for organogenesis. Calli of all the ten genotypes were cultured on MSS4 medium and were subjected to temperature stresses at 250C, 350C, 400C, 450C and 500C. 250C was taken as control 350C, 400C, 450C, 500C treatment were given for 4 hrs each in ovens. Genotypes PK 416, JS 335, PK 472, DS 9804 and SL 518 appeared to be temperature tolerant based on callus growth and stress index values. In the experiment, seeds of all the ten genotypes were cultured under in vitro (on solid and moist filter paper medium) and in vivo (plastic glasses and pots in screen house) at different temperature levels. The seeds were sown in the pots in screen house in the month of July 2004 having the temperature ranging from 390C - 410C. Temperature higher than 400C reduced seed germination, seedling length, relative water content and seed yield in all the genotypes. The temperature effects were very clear at 500C. The genotypes viz. PK 416, PK 1042, SL 518 and PK 472 were observed to be tolerant to heat stress. Bragg and AMS 972 were temperature sensitive genotypes and no seedling formation was observed at 500C in any of the genotypes. Protein and isozyme markers analysis also showed that some new bands appear in temperature tolerant genotypes and some disappear in susceptible genotypes. Callus growth, seed germination, seedling length and other parameters studied in genotypes were found to be better criteria for screening heat tolerant genotypes. All the techniques studied were found effective and reliable for screening soybean genotypes for high temperature tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic variability of yield components and their relative contribution to grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2005) Kurkan, Sachin; Grakh, S.S.In the present investigation, Forty three genotypes of different maturity groups of non scented rice and five scented dwarf rice genotypes selected to carry out present study were planted in four different environments at RRS Kaul with four different doses of fertilizers viz., E1 : 120N, 60 P2O5, 60 K2O; E2: 120N, 0 P2O5, 0 K2O; E3: 120N, 60 P2O5, 0 K2O and E4: 120N, 0 P2O5, 60 K2O. These genotypes were transplanted in a Randomized Block Design with four replications with a spacing of 20cm x 15 cm. Five randomly selected plants from the population of each genotypes were taken for the recording of the data. Significant differences existed among the genotypes for all the characters studied under the four environments which indicated the presence of adequate variability among the genotypes. The genetic expression in most of the cases changed with the change in the environment. On the basis of mean performance for different traits, E1 appeared to be better environment. Mean performance in E1 and E2 clearly indicated the importance of balanced use of fertilizers for the expression of different traits. The E2 had lowering effect on the expression of h2, GA, GCV and PCV. In general the magnitude of genotypic correlation was slightly higher than the phenotypic correlation for all the characters studied indicating strong inherent association among the characters. The path coefficient analysis showed that no. of tillers/plant had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield except in environment E4 where the grain length had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. The traits L/B ratio showed the highest negative direct effect in all the environments. The indirect effect did not show any specific trend.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability in wheat for staygreen character and its association with grain growth under normal and late sown conditions(CCSHAU, 2005) Ahlawat, Shweta; Chhabra, AshokHigh temperature has a marked effect on cellular processes, growth development and economic yield of wheat plants. Large proportion of wheat area in India is planted after the first week of December (late sown) that warms up towards the grain filling stage of the crop there by leading to significant yield losses due to heat and water stress created by increased temperatures. In such situations, wheat genotypes which could sustain grain growth over longer post anthesis span or further deposition of carbohydrates in grain sink would prove promising. So, to sustain wheat productivity, research emphasis has been given to develop genotypes which could staygreen along with larger leaf area and high relative water content so that they can carry out photosynthesis for a longer period as compared to the normal senescent cultivars and thereby enhancing yield. Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components were conducted on thirty six elite genotypes of wheat. The material was grown in randomized block design with three replications at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Research Farm under two natural photothermal environments created through alteration of dates of sowing i.e. 23rd November 2004 and 10th January 2005. Beside field experiments, lab experiment on chlorophyll estimation, AGPase enzyme activity and RAPD markers were also conducted. Under field experiment, relationships of some morphophysiological traits and heat tolerance were examined. Our data showed significant variations among wheat genotypes under stagger sowing for there character expression, particularly days to flowering, grain growth, biomass, grain yield staygreen. Delayed leaf senescence showed significant positive correlation with yield under then condition (late sown). Among the other traits, higher biomass at harvest, more 1000 grain weight, faster grain growth rate, chlorophyll content were also found to be associated with yield under heat stress conditions. Two genotypes MLU-2 and WH147 M expressed the strongest staygreen trait. These plants were staygreen even in the month of May when the high temperature led to moisture stress conditions. AGPase enzyme was being assayed to determine relationship between staygreen, starch metabolism and grain development in early, late planting. These genotypes could be used as candidate ‘plants’ for isolating genes governing delayed monocarpic senescence. However, the staygreen character can be transferred to genotypes having fast growth so that their early senescence in rainfed and late sown conditions may be avioided and sustained growth could be achieved by combining staygreen post anthesis translocation of carbohydrates to grain sinks.ThesisItem Open Access Variability among Rm-Ts gene complex recombinant lines for spike forms, grain yield and its attributes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)(CCSHAU, 2005) Bisht, Surinder Singh; Redhu, A.S.The present study was carried out with the objective to evaluate the impact of supernumerary spikelet traits, governed by Rm (remifera) and Ts (tetrastichon) genes, on spike features and other morphological and productivity traits. The present study was resolved in two sets of experiments. In experiment 1, variability among various Rm-Ts complex lines, single row plot of 2 meter length placed at 23 cm between rows and 10 cm within rows of 37 genotypes and in experiment 2, similarities/ dissimilarities among different Rm-Ts forms, seven parents viz. SG 15, SG 22, SG 70, SG 215, SG 8809, HD 2009 M and SM 6 with their 21 F1’s are grown in a same layout as in experiment 1. For experiment 1, the mean data on five randomly selected plants of each genotype in each replication were subjected to various statistical analyses. The observations on various morphological and productivity traits revealed that there has been a definite impact of Rm-Ts genes on peduncle diameter, spike length, spikelet/ spike, grain/ spike and spike productivity as the mean performance of these characters was improved in most of the lines over the normal commercial varieties. In most of the lines there has been increase in the grain number per spike with grain weight and spike productivity similar or more to the latest released semi-dwarf cultivars resulting in higher grain yield per spike in same lines. The Rm-Ts gene has created enormous amount of variability for spikelet/spike, grain/ spike, biological yield/ plant and grain yield per plant as reflected in higher coefficients of variations for these traits. The estimates of genetic advance were also high for these characters. In experiment 2, spikes of F1’s showed differences in their colours and forms that shows the impact of Rm-Ts gene complex on spike forms.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic diversity in cotton for cotton leaf curl virus disease by using RAPD technique(CCSHAU, 2006) Minakshi; Luthra, O.P.Cotton is highly priced and economically important crop in the world production and trade. Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease is a major threat to cotton production. Therefore, this study was conducted to prepare DNA fingerprint database of 15 cotton genotypes and to assess genetic diversity among them by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Fifteen RAPD primers were used to assess molecular polymorphism in 15 cotton genotypes. A total 135 amplified products were observed of which 16 were monomorphic and 119 polymorphic. Average polymorphism across the 15 genotypes was 87.5 per cent and a significant correlation (0.93, p < 0.01) was observed between total number of bands and number of polymorphic bands. Some of the primers gave unique bands for specific genotypes which further can help in identification of genotypes. Fifteen genotypes were grouped into two main groups based on polymorphism profile generated by using NTSYS-PC programme. One is of resistant genotypes (exception H-1098, a susceptible genotype) and other group is of susceptible genotypes at a similarity coefficient of value 0.555. These two major groups further divided into various subgroups according to similarity between them. HS-182 (S) and HS-6 (S) were most diverse at a similarity coefficient of value 0.510 and 0.520, respectively, merged with other susceptible and resistant genotypes at a similarity coefficient of 0.555. Laxmi (R) and Laxmi (R) x LRA-5166 (R) (F1 hybrid) showed maximum similarity i.e. 85 per cent and HS-182 (S) and HS-6 (S) x H-1098 (S) (F1 hybrid) showed minimum similarity i.e. 40 per cent. Thus, RAPD primers detected high level of polymorphism and fingerprint data generated in this study can be used to improve the resistance among cotton varieties for cotton leaf curl virus disease.