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Subject: Forestry × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of nitrogen levels on wheat varieties under agri-silvi-horticultural system
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Johar, Vishal; Dhillon, R.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of nitrogen levels on wheat varieties under agri-silvihorticultural system” was carried out in research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of nutrient levels on yield attributes, yield and quality parameters of different wheat varieties (WH-1105, HD-2967, WH-711 and DPW-621- 50) in already established five year old agri-horti and agri-silvi-horti systems. The growth of eucalyptus and kinnow under both agri-silvi-horti and agri-horti system increased sharply with the advancement of age. Eucalyptus attained maximum (7.2 cm) CAI for basal diameter followed by DBH (5.1 cm) during the age of six year which shows that the eucalyptus achieved sufficient biomass during 6th year of growth. The additional dose of nitrogen (10, 20 and 30 per cent) to the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) in both the agroforestry based systems increased the growth, yield attributes and yield of different wheat varieties however; the difference between further additional doses of N to the RDF was nonsignificant. Among different wheat varieties, HD-2967 was found the most shade tolerant and exhibited higher plant height, number of tillers, number of spikes, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain and straw yield etc under both the agroforestry based systems. Whereas, the variety WH-711 was found be the most sensitive to shade and exhibited poor growth, yield attributes traits and yield. However, grain, straw and biological yield of different wheat varieties was found higher in agri-horti system over agri-silvi-horti system due to more competition among the annuals and perennials in agri-silvi-horti system. Different quality parameters viz. protein content, gluten content, sedimentation value, grain hardness etc. in different wheat varieties was observed higher in agri-horti and agri-silvi-horti system over sole cropping system. Higher protein content, grain hardness and grain luster were recorded in HD- 2967 while, variety WH-711 exhibited higher gluten content and sedimentation values under both the agroforestry based systems. Soil EC and pH decreased considerably under both the agroforestry based systems. However, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly over the control (sole crop). After six year of experimentation the higher B:C ratio was recorded in agri-silvi-horti (2.06) followed by agri-horti (1.66) and sole cropping (1.39). Hence, agrisilvi- horti and agri-horti systems are economically viable, improve the soil health and provide nutrient security. Therefore, agroforestry based systems are eco-friendly and a way to increase the farmer’s income.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of poplar (Populus deltoides) for spacing under nursery and field plantation
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Pradyuman Singh; Bangarwa, K.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of poplar (Populus deltoides) for spacing under nursery and field plantation” was carried out at Yamunangar district, Haryana during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of different spatial arrangements (4.26 × 4.26 m, 3.96 × 3.96 m, 3.65 × 3.65 m, 4.87 × 2.74 m and 3.65 × 2.13 m spacings) and different clones (WSL-39,WSL-22,WSL-8, G- 48 and G-3) up to 7 years old poplar plantation in farmers fields. The growth attributes (height and dbh) were significantly influenced in association with all the five spatial arrangements of poplar. Wider spacing (4.26 × 4.26 m) of poplar was found best for growth characters (height and dbh) of poplar followed by 3.96 × 3.96 m, 3.65 × 3.65 m, 4.87 × 2.74 m and 3.65 × 2.13 m spacings. However, among different poplar clones, the height and dbh were recorded significantly higher in poplar clone WSL-39 which was followed by WSL-22, WSL-81, G-48 and G-3 in wider spacing (4.26 × 4.26 m) up to a seven year. The poplar clone WSL-39 gave maximum volume and weight in all the spacings such as 4.26 × 4.26 m, 3.96 × 3.96 m, 3.65 × 3.65 m, 4.26 × 4.26 m and 3.65 × 2.13 m. Though the weight and volume of poplar clones WSL-22 and WSL-81 was at par with clone WSL-39 at the spacing of 4.26 × 4.26 m spacing. The cost and income analysis for growing poplar in intercropping with sugarcane and wheat under different spacings indicated that highest B-C ratio (2.94), internal rate of return (48.51%) and net present worth ( Rs. 3, 75,584.9 hectare-1) was obtained under 4.87 × 2.74 m spacing. However, highest B-C ratio (3.89), internal rate of return (51.24 %) and net present worth (Rs. 4,22,749.30 hectare-1) was recorded from Poplar- Sugarcane- Sorghum-wheat crop rotation under 4.87 × 2.74 m spacing. In poplar-Sorghum- berseem crop rotation, highest net present worth (Rs. 3, 47,939.6 hectare-1), B-C ratio (2.65) and internal rate of return (43.64 %) was found in 3.65 × 3.65 m spacing. In 3.65 × 3.65 m spacing, the highest B-C ratio ((3.12), internal rate of return (48.55 %) and net present worth (Rs. 2, 76, 283.32 hectare-1) was also recorded from Poplar- Sorghum-wheat crop rotation. On the other hand, under different spacings of poplar nursery the highest net benefit (Rs. 2, 11,532) was recorded under 60 × 40 cm spacing during the year 2015-16. However, during 2016-17, the higher net benefit (Rs.1, 82,983) was recorded under 70×35 cm spacing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Exploration, germplasm collection and evaluation in Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del.
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Singhdoha, Amit; Dhillon, R.S.
    The ecological, social and economic importance of Acacia nilotica and decline of its population in its natural habitat promoted the present study. Based on an intensive survey sixty trees were selected from natural populations of six different provenances viz. Firozpur, Roopnagar, Sonipat, Dausa, Nagaur and Hanumangarh. Quality pods/seeds were collected from individual selected tree and subsequently studied for pod/seed morphological characters, progeny testing and seed storability. The wide range of variation in different morphological characters viz. total tree height, diameter at breast height, clear bole height, crown diameter and straightness from selected trees was observed. Similarly, a substantial variation in pod and seed characters was recorded. Among different provenances, collected pods/seeds from Dausa provenances had maximum average value for pod length (15.08 cm), number of seeds per pod (11.21), seed length (8.01 mm), seed width (7.01 mm), seed thickness (3.97 mm) and seed weight (17.27). However, minimum values for above traits were recorded in Firozpur provenance. The GCV ranged from 1.29 (seed length) to 10.81 percent (seed weight). Highest value of heritability (78.06 %) coupled with moderate genetic advance (19.67 %) was observed for seed weight. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations studies revealed significantly positive association among pod and seed traits. In progeny testing, the seeds from accession RH7 from Hanumangarh provenance showed highest field emergence (78 %). While, the progenies of accession RD5 from Dausa showed maximum shoot length (202.70 cm) and root length (129.00 cm) at the age of 12 months in the nursery. The dendrogram based on Euclidean distances grouped all the 60 progenies from selected trees into seven clusters. The inter cluster distance was found maximum (6.059) between Clusters II and V. Therefore, hybridization between the genotypes from these clusters is expected to yield heterotic crossbreeds. The magnitude of PCV was higher than the corresponding GCV for all the growth characters of the progenies from selected trees under study. High heritability (in broad sense) coupled with moderate genetic advance was found for percent germination, root length, straightness and numbers of branches per plant. Shoot length showed positive correlations with root length, number of branches, shoot weight, root-shoot ratio, fresh seedling weight and dry seedling weight. Seed viability, germination, seed vigor index-I and seed vigor index-II decreased with the advancement of seed storability period. However, electrical conductivity of seeds increased with the passage of storability period. However, among different provenances, the seed lot from Nagaur provenance retained maximum vigour and viability even after 18 months of storability.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of various spatial arrangements of Eucalyptus tereticornis on growth and yield of wheat varieties
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Bisht, Vinita; Bangarwa, K.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of various spatial arrangements of Eucalyptus tereticornis on growth and yield of wheat varieties” was carried out at research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of different spatial arrangements (3×3 m, 6×1.5 m and paired row 17×1×1 m) and different row directions (East-West and North- South) after completing 7 and 8 years of age of Eucalypts on the performance of different wheat varieties (HD- 2967, WH-542, DPW-621-50, HD-943 and WH-1105). Production of various wheat varieties was significantly reduced in association with all the three spatial arrangements of Eucalypts in comparison to control. Paired row planting (17×1×1 m) of Eucalypts was found best for production of wheat followed by 6×1.5 m and 3×3 m. Among wheat varieties, variety HD-2967 produced significantly higher number of total tillers, effective tillers, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight, grain and straw yield in paired row (17×1×1 m) planting than planting at 6×1.5 m and 3×3 m during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The variety WH-1105 was found to be very sensitive to shade and exhibited very poor growth, yield attributing characters and yield under different spatial arrangements of Eucalypts however, it showed highest growth and yield under control. Growth of Eucalypts was significantly higher in 3×3 m planting than 6×1.5 m and paired row planting (17×1×1 m). The organic carbon in soil increased with the decrease in tree spacing and was maximum (0.72%) under 3×3 m spacing and which had followed the order of 3×3 m >6×1.5 m >17×1×1 m > control after the harvesting of wheat crop during 2014-15. On the other hand, in different row directions of bund planted Eucalypts after the harvest of wheat crop, the organic carbon was found significantly higher up to 2 m distance from Eucalypts tree line during 2014- 15. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were also significantly influenced by row directions of bund planted Eucalypts as in organic carbon. The significant differences in total tillers, effective tillers, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight, grain and straw yield were also observed in all the four aspects during both the years. Among different wheat varieties, HD-2967 recorded maximum number of spikes, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight, grain and straw yield in southern aspect, at all the distances (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 m) from tree line followed by variety DPW-621-50 and WH- 542 during 2013-14 and 2014-15.The reduction in wheat production was maximum in northern aspect followed by eastern and western aspect. The variety WH-1105 exhibited lesser number of growth and yield attributing parameters in all the four aspects of East-West and North-South Eucalypts bund plantation however, it showed higher number of growth and yield attributing parameters in control during both the years under the study.