Exploration, germplasm collection and evaluation in Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del.

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Date
2017
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CCSHAU
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The ecological, social and economic importance of Acacia nilotica and decline of its population in its natural habitat promoted the present study. Based on an intensive survey sixty trees were selected from natural populations of six different provenances viz. Firozpur, Roopnagar, Sonipat, Dausa, Nagaur and Hanumangarh. Quality pods/seeds were collected from individual selected tree and subsequently studied for pod/seed morphological characters, progeny testing and seed storability. The wide range of variation in different morphological characters viz. total tree height, diameter at breast height, clear bole height, crown diameter and straightness from selected trees was observed. Similarly, a substantial variation in pod and seed characters was recorded. Among different provenances, collected pods/seeds from Dausa provenances had maximum average value for pod length (15.08 cm), number of seeds per pod (11.21), seed length (8.01 mm), seed width (7.01 mm), seed thickness (3.97 mm) and seed weight (17.27). However, minimum values for above traits were recorded in Firozpur provenance. The GCV ranged from 1.29 (seed length) to 10.81 percent (seed weight). Highest value of heritability (78.06 %) coupled with moderate genetic advance (19.67 %) was observed for seed weight. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations studies revealed significantly positive association among pod and seed traits. In progeny testing, the seeds from accession RH7 from Hanumangarh provenance showed highest field emergence (78 %). While, the progenies of accession RD5 from Dausa showed maximum shoot length (202.70 cm) and root length (129.00 cm) at the age of 12 months in the nursery. The dendrogram based on Euclidean distances grouped all the 60 progenies from selected trees into seven clusters. The inter cluster distance was found maximum (6.059) between Clusters II and V. Therefore, hybridization between the genotypes from these clusters is expected to yield heterotic crossbreeds. The magnitude of PCV was higher than the corresponding GCV for all the growth characters of the progenies from selected trees under study. High heritability (in broad sense) coupled with moderate genetic advance was found for percent germination, root length, straightness and numbers of branches per plant. Shoot length showed positive correlations with root length, number of branches, shoot weight, root-shoot ratio, fresh seedling weight and dry seedling weight. Seed viability, germination, seed vigor index-I and seed vigor index-II decreased with the advancement of seed storability period. However, electrical conductivity of seeds increased with the passage of storability period. However, among different provenances, the seed lot from Nagaur provenance retained maximum vigour and viability even after 18 months of storability.
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