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Subject: Family Resource Management × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of biomechanical stress in dung collection among rural women
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Sarita Devi; Mehta, Manju
    The rural women play an important role in all types of household, farm and allied activities but were deprived from most of the privileges of life. There is no change in involvement pattern of women in household and animal husbandry activities in respect to change in season. The study was conducted in randomly selected one block I of Hisar district of Haryana state. From the selected block I, Dabra village was randomly selected as the locale of the study. Ninety households were selected randomly and female head of the household was the sample of the study. A sample of 20 women, who were willing to cooperate were selected purposively for phase III. It was found that maximum of them were in the age group of 41-60 yr (56.7%), belonged to general category (91.1%), were illiterate (62.2%), farming was family occupation (62.2%), had low family education status (46.7%) and nuclear families (57.8%) with medium size family (46.7%). They had pakka house (68.9%) with covered kitchen (66.7%). Most of them had less than 2.5 acre of land (40.0%) and earned between Rs.10,000- 30,000 (68.9%). Majority of respondents were having buffalo (54.5%) which was kept bada (71.1%) of size upto 100sq.m. dung was collected by 90% of home maker and other female twice a day (82.2%) and they prepared dung cake (91.1%) to save money and were using Tasla & Indi for dung collection, respondents covered distance around 750 mt for dung transportation. 43.3% of women carried 10-20 kg dung per trip and spending 1-2 hr. Most of the women were exhausted after dung collection activity (83%). 18 percent felt pain in mid back and lower back and recovery of pain was in around 15 min (64.1%). Around one third was anemic (31.4%) and having joint problem (23.5%). In dung collection activity back bending posture, in lifting and carrying activity both hand and in disposal of dung neck bending posture using both hands was used by all. During collection and carrying of dung distance of 293.21m and 523.22 m. was travelled and carried dung weighing 17.6 kg. A slight extension was observed in the lower lumbar region (3.27%) and flexion in the cervical region (2.79%) of the respondents, putting undue stress on the women. Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) score and Ovako working posture analysis system (OWAS) score was highest in collection activity which depicts it required corrective measures immediately in the posture used. There was decrease grip strength of 23.65 percent and 18.59 percent in right the left hand respectively. Body part discomfort (BPDS) was chiefly found in upper and lower back (4.44 each) followed by mid back (4) and least in knees (1.33). The activity of carrying dung got VAD score of (4.5) and least was for the disposal of dung activity (2.3) and repetitive strain score was highest in dung collection activity i.e.10 and least in disposal i.e.2.3. Hence as per the phase II, collection activity had highest biomechanical stress so a tool was developed to combat biomechanical stress in dung collection. The tool was named as Ergo Dung Collector. There was 23.05% decrease in biomechanical stress with the use of ergo dung collector. Ergo dung collector was acceptable and found to be highly feasible in handling and also physically compatible practicable and cultural compatible.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cashless economy: Buying practices of homemakers in Haryana state
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Ekta; Mehta, Manju
    A cashless economy is one in which all transactions are done through plastic cards like credit, debit cards etc. The Government also wants a cashless society. It is beneficial in reducing corruption, reducing cost of printing currency, in reducing cost of cash holding. Electronic transactions history and trail can easily be traced back and this would greatly help the economy in eradication of black money and also provide better convenience to the people. The present study was conducted in two districts i.e. Hisar and Bhiwani of Haryana state with three objectives: (i) to assess the consumer buying practices through cashless economy, (ii) to compare the satisfaction level regarding cashless economy among working and non-working homemakers, (iii) to study constraints faced by consumers in cashless transaction. Two wards each were randomly selected from both district headquarter. In Hisar city ward 16 and ward 20 and in Bhiwani city ward 1 and ward 31 were randomly selected to conduct the study on cashless economy. From each selected wards 50 homemakers having their own bank account were selected purposively through snowball technique. So from each district headquarters 100 homemakers were selected in such a way that 50 were working and 50 were non- working homemakers. Thus, the total number of respondents were 200 homemakers. A presented interview schedule was developed according to the objectives of the study. The results show that maximum number of the respondents (62.0%) belonged to the 36-48 age group, all respondents were married, 98.0% respondents were having nuclear family, 82.0% respondents was medium family education status, 44.5% respondents had high socio economic status, 58.0% respondents had medium level of mass media exposure. All the respondents were buying milk & milk product daily, about one-third (32.5%) respondents were buying fruits and vegetables weekly, all respondents were paying for water and electricity services monthly, majority of respondents i.e. 93.5% buying footwear as per need. Majority of the respondents (90.0%) used cash for the household expenses like fruits & vegetables and both cash and cashless means were used by 77.5% respondents for telephone/ mobile. All the respondents had knowledge about cashless transaction. 98.5% of respondents believed that use of cashless transaction gives satisfaction, majority of the 76.22% respondents used Paytm app, mobile phone was used by 71.5% for cashless transaction, 49.5% respondents had two bank accounts, 48.0% homemakers possessed one credit and debit cards, cheque was used by 51.5% respondents for high value transaction. Advantage of cashless transaction perceived by respondents was ‘fast’, ‘convenient’ and ‘less stress ’secured (rank I WMS-2.88) and perceived disadvantages were ‘someone can steal card and use it’ secured (rank I WMS-2.72). Personal constraints faced by respondents were ‘overspending’ got rank I (WMS-1.86), technical constraints in term of ‘lack of technical knowledge/ Non-tech-savvy of users’ (rank I WMS-2.02), social constraints faced were in terms of ‘lack of trust’ (rank I WMS-1.73). In overall sample, 49.5% respondents had medium level of satisfaction.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Problems and ergo-solutions of elderly living Independently
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Hooda, Rupal; Gandhi, Sudesh
    Due to longer life expectancy, population over sixty years old is growing in majority of the nations including India. Globalization and urbanization have led to family changes where elderly are left unbothered to live individually. Present study was conducted in three phases on 100 elderly, above 65 years of age, living independently in Hisar city. In Phase-I, activity profile and problems of elderly were recorded using an interview schedule. In Phase-II, on the basis of result of phase-I, a media package entitled “Ergo-guide for elderly living independently” pertaining to ergo-solutions was prepared. Phase-III consisted of introduction of the media package and studying the needs and preferences of ergo-solutions by the elderly. Most of respondents belonged to age group of 70-80 yrs (51.0%) followed by 60-70 years (32.0%) and 80 years & above (17.0%). Nearly two-fifth (38.0%) of elderly were senior secondary pass followed by graduate and post graduate (32.0%)Nearly three-fourth (74.0%) of them were living with their spouse while 38.0 percent were living alone. Most of the elderly were living alone because their children were living at faraway places (56.0%) and secondly, mainly by their own choice (44.0%). Most of them (93.0%) were living in owned house. Around 2/3rd of the elderly were in the high category of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) followed by medium category (40.0%). Majority of male as well as female respondents were having health problems like eye problems (46.0, 44.0%) ortho diseases (47.0, 42.0%) and heart problem (38.0, 29.0%), respectively. Choking while eating or drinking (45.0%), cuts from knife (43.0) and slipped in bathrooms (30.0%) were most commonly seen accidents. Among adaptive measures, door fixtures (68.0%) and modified entrance (48.0%) were the most common house modifications. Spectacles (80.0%) and stool for sitting (76.0%) were the most commonly used assistive device. Bed grab rail in bedroom aids, tap turner for water taps in bathroom, ergo plus cup in kitchen, walking stick with portable step as mobility aid and ring zipper pull among personal care were the most needed and preferred aids by maximum of elderly. A highly significant correlation existed between need and preference of ergo-aids; income and features-fixtures of house and; age and health problems faced by elderly. Conclusively, elderly were feeling helpless because of constrained mobility or other physical issues. Subsequently, there is a need to make senior friendly environment for elderly leading to active ageing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Designing universal house for wheelchair users of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Gairola, Anjali; Kiran Singh
    Disability is a condition of being mentally or physically challenged or disabled. There are thousands of differently able persons in India, among those percentage is highest for locomotive disabled. People with disability faces so many discrimination in different forms. First and foremost can be seen in case of accessibility in residential as well as public buildings. So the study was conducted on wheelchair users of Haryana state with three objectives: (i) To explore the views of wheelchair users on functionality of existing house, (ii) To evolve feasible house design for wheelchair users through Computer Aided Designing, and (iii) To develop user's manual guide for wheelchair users. 30 wheelchair users were located by employing snowball technique for data collection. The results revealed that maximum number of the respondents (46.66%) belonged to upper middle age group, eighty percent were male, 76.66 percent were married, 23.33 percent were educated upto 'Middle school' and 23.33 percent were unemployed. Equal number of the respondents (33.33%) fall under upper middle and upper lower socio-economic class as per Kuppuswamy Socio-Economic scale. Accidental injury (40.00%) was the major cause of disability and half of them were suffering with disability since last 10-20 years. Respondents need slightly more assistance at home than workplace. Only 33.33 percent uses other assistive technologies besides wheelchair. Majority (40%) felt switching over to furniture from wheelchair moderately difficult. Major adaptation taken (63.33%) was widening of the doors. Majority (60%) had satisfactory non-slippery floor surface at entrance. Sixty percent were having functional unobstructed width of corridor to pass wheelchair. Least number of respondents had functional outlets around the bed (13.33%) followed by bed side table height (20.00%) in bedroom where least satisfaction level was counted for wall hooks and closet cloth bar. In living room least functional area was space in front of furniture (30.00%) with least satisfaction (WMS 1.83, Rank IX). Counter top height and knee clearance space (10.00%) and storage were recorded as least functional areas along with highest dissatisfaction in kitchen area. None of the respondents were having grab bars in WC and shower area. Shower cubical, WC and kitchen were the least functional areas of house. Highly significant correlation were found for socio-economic status with functionality of the house (0.673**) and with satisfaction level of respondents (0.603**). Satisfaction and functionality of the house is also significantly correlated to each other (0.956**). House plans were designed using AutoCAD and Google Sketch-up pro as per the guidelines given for wheelchair user's dwelling by Ministry of Urban Development to maximize the accessibility and comfort with the inclusion of ramps, grab bars, knee clearance space, cloth bar height, turning radius etc. User's manual guide designed by compiling all the recommendation for wheelchair dwelling, so the wheelchair users/ builder/ architects can refer it while designing or constructing a house for wheelchair users as per their needs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Consumers‟ food purchase behavior and awareness of adulteration
    (CCSHAU, 2018) Solanki, Reena; Kiran Singh
    Our land, the earth is blessed with various good foods, but to get more profit few selfish manufacturers and sellers were into practice of adulteration in food stuffs. The present study was undertaken in Hisar dictrict to study the food purchase pattern among homemakers, awareness of consumers regarding adulteration and to test the adulteration in food products and to suggest strategies to combat adulteration.The results revealed that maximum number of respondents (38.5%) belonged to 31 to 45 years of age group, educated upto middle class (21.5%) with main occupation as farming (53.5%). Nearly 40 percent of the respondents preferred to purchase packed beverages from all the food categories. More than half of the respondents (55.0%) purchased food products from shops located near by town. Huge majority of respondents (90.0%) always check the price on food package. Males (72.5%) were the decision-maker in purchase of all the food categories. Adulteration and duplicate brands in food were the malpractices faced by majority of the respondents (70.0%). Coping up practice adopted by the respondents (65.0%) after deception were like returned the food and switched to other brands. The level of awareness about consumerism, rights and responsibilities, procedure of filing a complaint in case of food adulteration was observed to be less and they felt need for consumer education on these aspects. Cent percent of the rural and urban respondents felt need for knowledge of lab testing of adulterants in food followed by implementation of awareness programmes , knowledge of filing complaints and to overcome misleading practices used by the sellers.A package of print /audio visual media were prepared on easy household methods of adulteration detection on different food items. To ensure the safety of food, it is very important that various food materials purchased by consumers should be free from adulteration. Some physical and chemical tests were conducted from five commonly used food categories i.e. milk and milk products, cereals and their products, pulses, spices and condiments and miscellaneous food items. The maximum adulteration was found in spices and condiments (95.0%) followed by miscellaneous food items (61.66%)like tea leaves, fennel seeds and jaggery, milk and milk products (58.33%), cereal and cereal products (30.0%) and pulses (11.66%). To overcome the problem of food adulteration, a ready reference material to detect common adulterants at household level was published for the use of consumers.