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Open Access
Studies on varietal screening, biology and management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on stored wheat
(CCSHAU, 2018) Rohit Kumar; Yadav, S.S.
The studies on rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) with reference to biology on wheat variety WH1105, screening of 15 different varieties of wheat and management through seed protectants were carried out at Storage Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, CCS HAU, Hisar during 2017. Studies on biology of S. oryzae revealed that the eggs of this species were spherical with one end pointed and another rounded, translucent and white in colour and laid singly. The average incubation period of eggs was 5.14 days. There were four larval instars and grubs were apodous, stout, short and yellowish-white in colour with brown-coloured head and pupa was soft, exarate and white to yellowish-white in colour. The average larval and pupal period varied from 28.20 to 32.20 days and an average of 29.72 days under laboratory conditions. Adult male and female lived for 32.28 and 38.46 days, respectively. The average total life cycle of S. oryzae was observed as 34.88 days. The average fecundity was recorded as 189.90 eggs per female. The oviposition period was observed as 24.80 days. Average male and female ratio was recorded as 1:1.19 indicating little dominance of female over male population. Studies on varietal screening revealed that none of the wheat variety found free from infestation of S. oryzae. However, varieties WH283, WH711, DBW17, WH1080, and WH157 were found moderately preferred. Varieties WH-2967, WH542, WH1025 and were found less preferred. Varieties WH1105, WH1124, WH1142, and C306 were least preferred and WH147 was found to be most preferred as the number of eggs, number of adults emerged, grain damage and weight loss was maximum followed by DPW62150 and PBW343. Studies on efficacy of seed protectants revealed that all the seed protectants resulted in significant difference in their effectiveness against S. oryzae. However, neem seed kernel powder, neem oil and custard apple seed powder were found very effective in controlling rice weevils followed by mustard oil, groundnut oil, mustard oil + turmeric powder and groundnut oil + turmeric powder whereas saw dust was found least effective as seed protectant followed by turmeric powder. No adverse effect of these seed protectants was observed on the germination of wheat seed at different intervals whereas the germination was observed to be maximum in the treatment of neem seed kernel powder and neem oil.
Open Access
Population dynamics and management of helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in tomato
(CCSHAU, 2018) Khokhra, Shivani; Rolania, Krishna
Field studies on the population dynamics and management of H. armigera on tomato were carried out at Research Farm, Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi, 2016- 17. Results showed that eggs of H. armigera were present in field during 9th to 21st SMW whereas larval population was available from 10th to 22nd SMW. Maximum number of eggs and larval population was recorded during 15th SMW (4.92 eggs/ plant) and 16th SMW (5.1 larvae/ plant), respectively. Fruit infestation both on number and weight basis were recorded to be maximum during 3rd picking (20th SMW). Aphid and whitefly population attained a peak during 12th (25.2 aphids/ plant) and 16th SMW (5.78 whiteflies/ three leaves), respectively. Larval population of H. armigera exhibited a significant positive correlation with maximum (r= 0.669) and minimum temperature (r= 0.452) whereas highly significant negative correlation with evening and morning relative humidity with r= -0.785, -0.850, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that evening relative humidity contributed to fluctuation of H. armigera eggs to the extent of 31 per cent. Similarly, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity accounted for 80 per cent variability in larval population of H. armigera.Maximum parasitization (13.8%) of H. armigera eggs, coccinellids (0.76/ plant) and syrphid fly maggot population (4.2 larvae/ plant) were recorded during 13th SMW whereas spiders attained a peak (0.92/ plant) during 12th SMW. Correlation studies revealed that egg parasitization of H. armigera showed significant positive correlation (r= 0.988) with number of H. armigera eggs present in the field and coccinellids were positively correlated with number of eggs of H. armigera, aphids and whitefly present with r value of 0.777, 0.533 and 0.689, respectively. Population of spiders showed a significant positive correlation with number of H. armigera eggs and whitefly. Syrphid fly maggots were significantly and positively correlated with aphid population (r= 0.796). Evaluation of different management modules against H. armigera revealed that minimum eggs counts (0.60 eggs/ plant) and larval population (0.43 larvae/ plant) of H. armigera was recorded in module 4 (intercropping of tomato with marigold in 2:1 with a border row of marigold, release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000/ ha, application of nimbecidine 1500 ppm @ 2.5 L/ ha followed by each other) and module 5 (spray of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 150 ml /ha and spray of indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 450 ml /ha), respectively. Module 4 (intercropping of tomato with marigold in 2:1 with a border row of marigold, release of T. chilonis @ 50,000/ ha, application of nimbecidine 1500 ppm @ 2.5 L/ ha followed by each other) was recorded to be most economical from farmers perspective with highest B:C ratio (3.98).
Open Access
Studies on morphological basis of resistance and management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in brinjal
(CCSHAU, 2018) Vinayaka, K. S.; Balbir Singh
The studies on brinjal genotype screening for relative resistance based on morphological parameters among various brinjal genotypes, biology of Leucinodes orbonalis and chemical control of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee were conducted at CCSHAU, Regional Research Station, Bawal during 2017. Genotype screening based on morphological parameters revealed that, genotypes 33-3, Arka Keshav, Arka Anand were found highly resistant to brinjal shoot and fruit borer owing to presence of morphological characters which confers resistance to L.orbonalis like long fruits (28.30 cm), less diameter of fruits (8.20 cm), narrow pericarp (0.29 cm), short pedicel (3.03 cm), fruit shape (long), greater number of seeds, high hair density (221.86/cm2) and spines. While these factors were found to vary in remaining genotypes and were found susceptible to L.orbonalis.Studies on biology of L.orbonalis revealed that the eggs of this species were creamy white, laid singly. The average incubation period of eggs varied from 3.74 and 4.00 days during 1st and 2nd generations, respectively. There were five larval instars and the average larval duration varied from 11.50 to 12.85 days during 1st and 2nd generations, respectively. The pupa was dark brown in colour, obtect and the average pupal period varied from 7.61 to 7.96 days during 1st and 2nd generations, respectively. The female abdomen was swollen, whereas, in the males, abdomen was cylindrical and thinner. Adult moths lived for 4.56 to 4.94 days during 1st and 2nd generations, respectively. The total life cycle of L.orbonalis ranged from 27.74 to 29.78 days during 1st and 2nd generations, respectively. The maximum eggs were laid during September i.e., 80 eggs followed by 70.80 eggs during October 2017. The maximum oviposition period was reported during September 2017 (2.57 days) followed by October (1.99 days). There was a little dominance of female moth population. Male and female ratio ranged from 1:1.6 to 1:1.80 during September and October, respectively with an average ratio of 1:1.70. Studies on chemical control of Leucinodes orbonalis revealed that, treatments of Emamectin benzoate 5% SG and Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC were found most effective. The insecticides viz., Azadirachtin 5% EC and Bacillus thuringiensis 5% WP were found least effective against shoot and fruit borer. The remaining treatments viz., Spinosad 45% SC, Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC, Pyriproxyfen 5% EC + Fenpropathrin 15% EC were found moderately effective. MAJOR
Open Access
Effect of duration of varieties, planting methods and levels of nitrogen on incidence of major moth borers in sugarcane
(CCSHAU, 2018) Naveen; Ahlawat, Dilbag Singh
A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2017-2018 to evaluate the effect of planting methods and levels of nitrogen on the incidence of shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, top borer, Scirpophaga nivella Walker and stalk borer, Chilo auricilius Dudgeon in some sugarcane genotypes. Two planting methods i.e. paired row and conventional method with three doses of nitrogen, 150, 180 and 210 kg/ha were tested on three differently maturing sugarcane varieties CoH 160 (early maturing), CoH 167 (mid maturing) and CoH 150 (late maturing) to observe their effect on the incidence of major borer complex,yield and quality of sugarcane. The incidence of shoot borer was maximum (7.14, 12.03 and 5.37%) in CoH 160 and the minimum (3.45, 4.81 and 2.96%) in CoH 167 during April, May and June, 2017, respectively. Similarly, incidence of top borer was highest (8.66, 10.88 and 12.22%) in CoH 160 and lowest (3.55, 5.11 and 6.44%) in variety CoH 167 during July, August and September, respectively. The mean per cent incidence, per cent intensity and infestation index of stalk borer was recorded maximum (36.00, 16.22 and 5.96, respectively) in CoH 160 and minimum (29.55, 12.16 and 3.68, respectively) in CoH 150. Shoot borer incidence was minimum (3.94, 6.65 and 2.85%) at 150 kg N/ha and maximum (6.29, 9.32 and 4.76%) at 210 kg N/ha during April, May and June, respectively. Similarly, the lowest incidence (3.11, 5.55 and 6.66%) of top borer was observed at 150 kg N/ha and highest (9.11, 11.77 and 13.55%) at 210 kg N/ha during July, August and September, 2017 respectively. The stalk borer mean per cent incidence, per cent intensity and infestation index was recorded maximum (37.11, 15.32 and 5.81, respectively) at 210 kg N/ha and minimum (28.77, 12.80 and 3.70, respectively) at 150 kg N/ha. With the present findings, it can be concluded that with the increase in nitrogen dose there was increase in the incidence of all above mentioned borer pests. Incidence of shoot borer and top borer was not affected significantly with different planting methods while mean per cent incidence, per cent intensity and infestation index of stalk borer (35.11, 15.33 and 5.50, respectively) was significantly higher in paired row planting method as compared to conventional method of planting (30.44, 12.94 and 3.97, respectively). The variety CoH 150 gave the highest cane yield (81.75 t/ha), millable canes (100.31 thousand/ha). Maximum CCS per cent (11.78%) was obtained from variety CoH 167. Cane yield, number of canes and CCS was significantly higher (78.05 t/ha, 92.11 thousand/ha and 11.13%, respectively) in paired row planting method as compared to conventional method of planting (74.42 t/ha, 83.11 thousand/ha and 11.08%, respectively).
Open Access
Population dynamics and eco-friendly management of maize stem borer, chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on maize
(CCSHAU, 2018) Gaurav Singh; Maha Singh
Present investigations on “Population dynamics and eco-friendly management against maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)” were conducted during Kharif, 2017 at laboratory and research area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal. Results of weekly observations on pest population showed that eggs of C. partellus were present in field during 27th to 31st standard meteorological week (SMW) whereas larval population was active during 28th to 35th SMW. Peak larval and pupal population was recorded during 31st (3.8 larvae /plant) and 35th SMW (1.5 pupae/ plant), respectively. Per cent cumulative (47.5%) and fresh infestations (11.5%) were recorded to be maximum during 34th and 28th SMW whereas per cent cumulative (18.8%) and fresh dead heart (7.1%) showed a peak during 33rd and 29th SMW, respectively. Eggs of C. partellus showed a highly significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r=0.775) and significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r=-0.593), while larval population showed significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r=0.594) and evening relative humidity (r=0.635). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that all weather parameters contributed towards fluctuation in C. partellus egg masses, larvae, pupae, cumulative per cent plant infestation, fresh per cent plant infestation, cumulative dead heart and fresh dead heart to the extent of 86, 68, 57, 74, 93, 69 and 88 per cent, respectively. Population of coccinellids, spiders, egg parasitization and larval parasitization were maximum during 39th (1.84/plant), 35th (0.62 spiders/ plant), 28th (6.53 %) and 33rd SMW (31.64 %), respectively. Screening of sixteen maize genotypes revealed that four genotype viz., CM 500, HQPM 4, HQPM 7 and HM 9 were found resistant against C. partellus with LIR ranging from 0-3. Morphological characters such as leaf length, leaf trichomes, weight of 100 grains, internode distance, and stem diameter exhibited a significant negative correlation with LIR score. Results on efficacy of Trichogramma chilonis revealed that minimum LIR, plant infestation and dead hearts was recorded in treatment with two releases of T. chilonis parasitized eggs @ 1,25,000/ha at 7 and 14 DAG which was at par with two releases of T. chilonis parasitized eggs @ 1,00,000/ha at 7 and 14 DAG. The most economically remunerative treatment with the highest recorded B:C ratio (1.43) was treatment with one spray of dimethoate 30 EC @ 660 ml/ha at 7 DAG whereas highest incremental cost:benefit ratio (1:32.48) was recorded in treatment with two releases of T. chilonis parasitized eggs @ 1,25,000/ha at 7 and 14 DAG. Results on evaluation of cowpea as intercrop revealed that minimum LIR (2.48) was recorded in treatment with intercropping of maize with cowpea (1:1) whereas minimum plant infestation (8.1%) and dead hearts (4.5%) was recorded in treatment with sole maize+ spray of dimethoate 30EC @ 660 ml/ha at 7-10 DAG. Highest B:C ratio (1.63) was recorded in treatment with maize + cowpea (1:1) with maize yield 4227 Kg ha-1 and cowpea yield, 596 Kg ha-1.
Open Access
Seasonal incidence of guava fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. and its management through methyl eugenol traps
(CCSHAU, 2018) Umesh; Rajesh Kumar
The present study entitled “Seasonal incidence of guava fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. and its management through methyl eugenol traps” were carried out during both rainy and winter season at farmer’s field at village Sunderpur, District Rohtak, Haryana during 2016-17.The maggot population of guava fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. started appearing from 29th SMW (4.8 maggots/infested fruit) reaching its maximum in 31st SMW (32.3 maggots/infested fruit). During winter season, the maggot population was at its peak during 44th SMW (12.1maggots/infested fruit) which went on decreasing till 48th SMW (1.12 maggots/infested fruit). There was no maggot population from 49th to 9th SMW. During termination phase of winter crop season, a low maggot population i.e. 2.29 and 3.31 maggots/infested fruit were recorded in 10th and 11th SMW, respectively. The fruit infestation in rainy season guava due to fruit fly ranged from 60 to 90 per cent on number basis while 53.49 to 87.20 per cent on weight basis, being highest during 31st SMW and lowest during 36th SMW both on number and weight basis. During winter season guava, the highest fruit infestation due to fruit fly i.e. 26.67 and 22.43 per cent on number and weight basis, respectively was recorded during 44th SMW. There was no fruit infestation from 51st to 8th SMW. There was 68.53 per cent reduction in yield of guava in rainy season due to guava fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. as compared to 5.49 per cent in winter crop season with an overall yield reduction of 37.54 per cent. The population of fruit fly started appearing in methyl eugenol traps from 23rd SMW (7.2fruit flies/trap/week) reaching its maximum in 33rd SMW (264.2 fruit flies/trap/week) and then population suddenly declined in 37th SMW which coincided with termination of harvesting of guava crop. The population of guava fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. had significantly negative correlation with maximum temperature and significantly positive correlation with morning and evening relative humidity. Various management strategies i.e. S1 (methyl eugenol traps @ 40 traps/ha), S2 (S1 + 3 sprays of NSKE 5%), S3 (S1 + 2 sprays of NSKE 5%), S4 (S1+ 1 spray of NSKE 5%), S5 (S1 + mulching with black polythene sheet), S6 (S1+ raking under tree canopy twice), S7 (S1 + collection and destruction of dropped fruits on alternate days), S8 (three sprays of NSKE 5%) and S9 ( two sprays of NSKE 5%) were evaluated against guava fruit fly during rainy crop season. The overall reduction in fruit infestation over untreated control ranged from 18.08 to 39.97 and 12.43 to 41.45 per cent on number and weight basis, respectively being the highest in S2 and lowest in S9. In S2, there was an increase of 175.33 per cent in marketable yield of guava over control followed by S3 (125.30%). On the basis of increase in marketable yield of guava over control, the efficacy of the various management strategies in descending order was S2, S3, S7, S4, S5, S6, S1, S8 and S9.The highest total marketable yield (95.76q/ha) and net profit (Rs.65674/ha) was obtained from S2.
Open Access
Population dynamics, biology and management of Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Praveen Kumar; Yadav), Satyapal
Field studies on “Population dynamics, biology and management of cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) was carried out during kharif 2016. Nymphal population of leafhopper was observed on RCH 650 BGII and H 1098i. Bt Cotton RCH 650 BGII harboured maximum leafhopper population from 32nd standard week to 34th standard week with highest population (2.26 nymphs per leaf) on 33rd SW. On non-Bt cotton H 1098i maximum population was observed from 30th standard week to 33rd standard week with peak population (1.89 nymphs per leaf) on 32nd SW. Maximum temperature had significant and negative correlation with leafhopper population on Bt cotton RCH 650 BGII whereas it showed negative and non-significant correlation on non-Bt cotton H 1098 i. Morning relative humidity showed highly significant and positive correlation with leafhopper population on both Bt RCH 650 BGII and non- Bt H 1098i . Evening relative humidity also had significant positive correlation with leafhopper population. Minimum temperature, wind speed and rainfall showed negative and non-significant correlation on Bt and non-Bt. Whereas, rainy days had positive and non-significant correlation on both the Bt RCH 650 BGII and non-Bt cotton H 1098i. The nymphal period indicated that the development of the leafhopper was faster on RCH 650 BGII than on AAH 1. Observations indicated that higher number of nymphs survived on RCH 650 BGII than on AAH 1. Nymphal growth index of RCH 650 BGII was higher than AAH 1 which indicated that RCH 650 BGII was more preferred than AAH 1. Results indicated that higher number of males were present in the field population. Maximum numbers of eggs per leaf were found on August 7, 2016 on RCH 650 BGII and AAH 1. Among all insecticides and botanicals, thiamethoxam 25 WG was found most effective treatment in terms of yield (20.34 q/ha) and ICBC ratio(12.00).
Open Access
Studies on biology, population dynamics and screening of sugarcane genotypes against Early Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen
(CCSHAU, 2017) Kanwar Kumar; Maha Singh
The present investigations entitled “Studies on biology, population dynamics and screening of sugarcane genotypes against early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen” were conducted during 2016-17 in laboratory and research area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal. The biology of C. infuscatellus was studied in laboratory under room temperature (33.4-38.6o C) with a relative humidity of (33-62 %) on sugarcane genotype CoH 119 (mid). The incubation period varied from 3 to 5 days. The egg hatchability was 74.4 per cent. The total larval duration of C. infuscatellus ranged from 18 to 26 days. The larva moulted four times and passed through five instars to become pre-pupa. The mean duration of first to fifth instars larvae averaged 2.67, 3.29, 3.94, 5.49 and 6.92 days. The larval survival of C. infuscatellus was 49.6 per cent. The prepupal period varied from 1 to 2 days. Pre-pupal survival was 94.4 per cent. The duration of male and female pupae ranged from 4-5 and 4-6 days, respectively. The adult emergence of C. infuscatellus was 79.6 per cent. The sex ratio of C. infuscatellus was 1:1.53 (M: F). The copulation period of C. infuscatellus ranged from 112-186 minutes. The number of eggs laid ranged from 280 to 345 eggs/female when 10 per cent honey solution was provided as food for moths and 24 to 42 eggs/female under unfed conditions. The adult longevity of male and female ranged from 3 to 4 & 3 to 5 days (fed conditions) and 1 to 3 & 2 to 3 (unfed conditions), respectively. The total life span ranged from 29 to 42 days for male and 29 to 44 days for female. Studies on population dynamics revealed that highest incidence of C. infuscatellus was recorded 3.81 per cent in CoH 160, 4.60 per cent in CoH 119 and 3.12 per cent in CoS 767 during 24th SMW. Correlation of C. infuscatellus population with various environmental factors revealed that there was a significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (Tmax.) and had a non-significant & positive correlation with minimum temperature (Tmin.) & sun shine hours (SSH) (r= 0.513, 0.287 & 0.452) on CoH 160, (r= 0.504, 0.321 & 0.431) on CoH 119 & (r= 0.537, 0.276 & 0.445) on CoS 767, respectively whereas it has non-significant and negative correlation with relative humidity (morning), relative humidity (evening) & rainfall (r= -0.172, -0.206 & -0.147) on CoH 160, (r= -0.147, -0.172 & -0.130) on CoH 119 & (r= -0.187, -0.223 & -0.160) on CoS 767. Among the 19 genotypes screened against C. infuscatellus, fifteen genotypes viz. Co 0238, CoH 167, Co 0237, CoH 160, Co 0118, CoH 56, CoH 92 ,CoJ 64, CoH 110, CoS 767, CoH 119, Co 1148, CoH 150, CoH 99 and Co 5011 were found least susceptible against this pest and 4 genotypes were found moderately susceptible. The information so generated on biology, population dynamics and relative susceptibility of different genotypes is of great practical importance so as to evolve a sustainable strategy to manage this menacing pest.
Open Access
Population dynamics and varietal/germplasm screening against ber fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana (Costa) on ber
(CCSHAU, 2017) Yadav, Jayant; Ram Karan
The present studies entitled “Population dynamics and varietal/germplasm screening against ber fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana (Costa) on ber.” were carried out during 2016-17 at ber orchard of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal. The first appearance of maggots was observed in 1st fortnight of November, 2016 and maximum maggots (7) per fruit were recorded during February, 2017 at mean temperature range of 11.5 to 31.3 ⁰C and relative humidity range of 17.8 to 77 per cent. The infestation reached to the peak level of 44.00 per cent between February 2 to 11, 2017 when temperature ranged from 7.9 to 22.5 ⁰C and relative humidity ranged from 63.9 to 95.7 per cent. The infestation of C. vesuviana exhibited positive correlation with morning relative humidity (r= 0.723), evening relative humidity (r= 0.797) and total rainfall (r= 0.361). The studies on varietal/germplasm screening revealed that the variety/germplasm Kaithali exhibited maximum fruit fly infestation (51.06 %) and BS- 1 showed minimum fruit fly infestation (1.51 %). Fruit fly infestation had positive correlation with fruit size (r= 0.317), average fruit weight (r = 0.369), pulp : stone ratio (r = 0.351), total soluble solids (r= 0.342) and Vitamin C (r = 0.345). However fruit fly infestation was negatively correlated with fruit firmness (r= -0.326), acidity content (r= -0.374) and total phenolic content (r= -0.774). Early flowering and maturing varieties/germplasm exhibited more fruit fly infestation as compared to late flowering and maturing varieties/germplasm. Besides fruit fly, other insect pests were also recorded, which caused considerable damage to ber trees viz. chafer beetles, Cow bug (Oxyrachis spp.), Fruit borer (Meridarchis scyrodes Meyr), Hairy caterpillar (Euproctis lunata), Metallic shield bug (Scutellera perplexa Westwood), Lac Insect (Kerria lacca) and Hard gall mite (Eriophyes cernus). An overall consideration of all the parameters indicated that no single factor governed the infestation of fruit fly independently and the extent of infestation was an outcome of the contribution of all the factors together.

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