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Open Access
Temporal and spatial management for higher productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under changing climate scenario
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-10) Abhinaw Kumar Singh; Bikram Singh
The study entitle “Temporal and spatial management for higher productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under changing climate scenario”. was conducted with the following objectives: (i) To find out the optimum seed rate and row spacing for barley under different sowing dates. (ii) To study the growth, yield and quality of barley under different agronomic practices. (iii) To study the nutrient and soil moisture extraction by barley under different agronomic management practices. (iv) To work out the economics of different treatments. The present study was conducted at the Regional Research Station (Bawal) of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17. The experiment was conducted in split-split plot design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four dates of sowing viz., D1 (last week of October), D2 (1st week of November), D3 (2nd week of November) and D4 (3rd week of November) and two seed rates viz., recommended and 110 % of recommended were kept as main plot and three row spacings viz., 17.5 cm, 20 cm and 22.5 cm (recommended) as sub plot. The results of study revealed that all the Phenological, Growth and Physiological parameters; Yield and its attributes; Quality and Nutrient parameters, Water Use Efficiency and Net returns were significantly superior under D1 (last week of October), followed by D2, D3 and D4 in descending order except malt content sown crop under changing agro-climatic conditions of Haryana. Increasing seed rate from S1 @ 87.5 kg/ha to S2 @ 96.5 kg/ha had no significant effect on the above cited parameters under study. Row spacing 20 cm (R2) was found optimum than other spacings 17.5 cm (R1) and 22.5 cm (R3) and R2 had higher values of all the parameters. For achieving consistently higher grain yield and net returns from barley under changing climate, it should be sown between last week of October to 1st week of November with seed rate of 87.5 kg/ha and at a row spacing of 20 cm.
Open Access
Bio-efficacy of various herbicides in green gram, their dissipation behaviour and residual effect on succeeding mustard crop
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-10) Kumaresan, P.; Punia, S. S.
Green gram is grown under rainfed or irrigated conditions in wider rows, cultural and mechanical weed control practices could be rehearsed. Yet isn't constantly possible because of their high cost, non-accessibility of labour at right time, prevailing climatic conditions, long window of weed emergence in the growing season and persistent moisture amid rainy season is an issue which make it hard to expel within determined time when they cause most intense of damage to crop. Rather than blanket method, ―one soil-one crop-one dose‖ is the right approach to reduce the toxicity and residual effect as well prevent the herbicide resistant weeds. So, on considering this, the following entitled investigation, “Bio-efficacy of various herbicides in green gram, their dissipation behaviour and residual effect on succeeding mustard crop” has been carried out at Farm of Department of Agronomy, CCS HAU, Hisar. Residue analysis of soil conducted in laboratory study on dissipation behavior of imazethapyr+ pendimethalin (RM) and Iris (aciflourfen 16.5% + clodinafop 8% EC) RM in soil by GC-MS conducted in Residue Testing Laboratory of Department of Agronomy, CCS HAU, Hisar. Weed flora of the experimental field was dominated by Trianthema portulacastrum, Cyperus rotundus and other minor weeds. PRE application of pyroxasulfone alone at 127.5, 150 g ha-1 and tankmix (TM) combination of pyroxasulfone at 106 + 1000 g ha-1 provided good control of (90.7 and 88.3%) Cyperus rotundus up to 40 DAS. PoE application of Iris (aciflourfen 16.5% + clodinafop 8% EC) RM 245, 305 and 370 g ha-1 gave good control of Trianthema portulacastrum (94.8, 48.6, 92.5, and 83.2%) up to 40 DAS. At 20 and 40 DAS imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) at 1000 g ha-1 applied at PRE application provided maximum control of weeds which was at par with two hoeings employed at 20 & 40 DAS gave excellent control of complex weed flora and increased seed and biological yield of green gram significantly over weedy check during both the years. PoE use of imazethapyr 70 g ha-1, imazethapyr fb quizalofop 70+60 g ha-1 and PRE application of imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) at 70 g ha-1 exhibited 18-23 % control of weeds with slight crop suppression which mitigated within 10-15 days after spray resulting maximum crop growth and seed yield. As the dose of of imazethapyr 70 g ha-1, imazethapyr fb quizalofop 70+60 g ha-1 and PRE application of imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) at 70 g ha-1 and its combination applied in green gram as PRE and PoE increased from 52.8 to 82.8 and 56.5 to78.8 %, phytotoxicity on mustard increased singnificantly. Plant population, growth parameters viz. emergence, number of leaves, plant height, seed yield and biological yield also reduced significantly, during both the years. Residue analysis of experimental field soil by GC-MS-tandem mass spectrometry equipped with capillary column revealed that percent recoveries at fortification level 0.003 and 0.006 μg/g in soils were 81.3 to 88.7 per cent depicting validity of methods used for present studies. Dissipation followed a first order kinetics with a half-life of aciflourfen and clodinafop was 7.7 and 7.0 days when applied as 3-4 leaf stage, PRE application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) at 1000 g/ha. The imazethapyr residues on 0 day were observed to be 0.017 μg/g. The residues dissipate to 17.6, 59 and 70% on 3, 15 and 30 DAA with half -life period of 9.2 days following first order dissipation kinetics. The initial deposit of pendimethalin residues on 0 day were 2.65 μg/g. About 44% dissipation of residues was observed within 10 DAA and about 100% dissipation of residues was observed on 60 DAA. Half-life of imazethapyr+ pendimethalin (RM) at 1000 g ha-1 and Iris (aciflourfen 16.5% + clodinafop 8% EC) RM as 370 g ha-1 was in order of PRE > PoE.
Open Access
Effect of rice genotypes under different establishment techniques and nitrogen levels on the productivity of rice-wheat cropping system
(CCSHAU, 2019) Neeraj Kumar; Thakral, S.K.
A field experiment entitled “Effect of rice genotypes under different establishment techniques and nitrogen levels on the productivity of rice-wheat cropping system” was conducted at farmer’s field in Karnal, Haryana during the kharif and rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15. The treatments consisted of four rice crop establishment techniques viz. PTR (puddle transplant rice), Dry-DSR (direct seeded rice under dry conditions fb irrigation), Vattar-DSR (direct seeded rice under moist soil conditions) and ZTDSR (zero-till DSR) in main plots and three rice cultivars (PB 1121, PR 114 and Arize 6444) and two nitrogen levels viz. RDN (recommended dose of nitrogen) and RDN+25%N in sub-plots. Zero-till (ZT) wheat was grown as succeeding rabi crop across all the treatments. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. PTR produced significantly more plant height and dry matter accumulation at 120 DAS than all DSR treatments. Number of tillers at all stages and number of panicles were higher under DSR treatments than PTR during both the years. Whereas, panicle length and grains panicle-1 were higher under PTR. Significantly, higher grain, straw and biological yield of rice was recorded under PTR in comparison to all DSR treatments during both year of study. PTR resulted in maximum gross returns whereas, maximum net returns were found under ZT-DSR treatment. Among rice cultivars, Arize 6444 produced maximum number of panicles m-2, number of grains panicle-1, grain and biological yield; whereas, maximum gross and net returns were recorded under PB 1121. Grain yield of basmati rice cultivar PB 1121 under DSR was similar to PTR, while coarse grain varieties (PR 114, Arize 6444) gave lower grain yield under DSR than PTR, indicating suitability of PB 1121 for direct seeding. RDN+25%N treatment resulted in higher growth and yield of rice crop compared to RDN during both the years. All varieties resulted in significantly higher grain yield under DSR with RDN+25%N than RDN, whereas both N doses were similar under PTR. ZT-wheat grown after DSR treatments produced significantly higher grain yield than after PTR. Among rice crop establishment methods, PTR produced maximum wheat equivalent system yield (138.69-145.61 q ha-1), maximum gross returns (Rs. 219094-221,850); whereas, ZT-DSR gave maximum net returns (Rs. 57,453-70,958 ha-1). Among rice cultivars, treatments under basmati PB-1121 resulted in maximum wheat equivalent system yield, gross and net returns in comparison to both the coarse grain varieties during both the years. Under DSR, 25% higher dose of N was beneficial than RDN.
Open Access
Status of herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor Retz. in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its management options
(CCSHAU, 2019) Raghuveer Singh; Yadav, Dharam Bir
Herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor in wheat is the major sustainability issue, which puts the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in IGP under serious threat. Therefore, the investigation entitled “Status of herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor Retz. in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its management options” comprised a well structured survey and a two year experiment was undertaken. The survey was carried out during rabi season of 2017-18 (end of January to February) in five districts (Yamuna Nagar, Kaithal, Karnal, Fatehabad and Rohtak) of Haryana. Two blocks were selected from each district and three villages from each block and a total number of 300 farmers were covered from 30 villages involving 10 farmers from each village. The field experiment (18 treatments of herbicides alone and in combination with pre and post application) was carried out during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at CCSHAU, Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal The study revealed that at present farmers of Haryana are closely back to square one similar to the situation of herbicides resistance in P. minor in wheat in 1990’s and currently no herbicide is satisfactorily effective against resistant P. minor. Farmers are using every possible combination of herbicides in a hit and trial way and overall applying about three times recommended dose (X) of herbicides and still getting only 70-80% control. Farmers in Karnal applied more than four times and in Kaithal three and half times the recommended dose of different herbicides. Farmers accepted that clodinafop was not showing any results but still it is contributing about half of the total herbicide use. Sulfosulfuron and pinoxaden contributed one-fifth and mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (ready-mix) contributed <5% to total herbicide use in wheat. Mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron provided good control, but farmers are sceptic due to its phyto-toxicity in wet conditions or overlapped/repeat spraying. Recently, farmers have started using pendimethalin (750-1000 g ha-1) as pre-emergence and metribuzin (50-140 g ha-1) as post-emergence tank-mix with already recommended herbicides to get desirable results. Few farmers reported that they applied metribuzin (175-350 g ha-1) at first irrigation by mixing with urea and found satisfactory control. Farmers also reported that zero-tillage reduced P. minor infestation to the extent of 15-20% than CT. More than 90% of farmers using 225-300 L water ha-1 instead of 500 L ha-1 and are using flood jet/cut or hollow cone nozzle instead of flat-fan nozzle. Most of farmers applied herbicides later than 40 DAS. All these factors further reduced herbicide efficacy. About half of farmers blamed that herbicides were poor in quality and rest believed that resistance has evolved due to mono-cropping, higher use of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) and under/over-dose of herbicides. Overall, farmers are in terrible situation and spending lot of money and efforts to combat this dreaded weed in wheat in RWCS of Haryana. Contrary to farmers’ fields, recommended herbicides are still providing good control of P. minor at Research Farm, however there efficacy is also getting down. Yield loss could be restored by using already recommended herbicides in combination with pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin or metribuzin. Overall, metribuzin (PRE) followed by sulfosulfuron (POE) (175 fb 25 g ha-1) was found to be the best treatment in terms of weed control efficiency (WCE), grain yield, gross return, net return and B-C ratio. Mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (ready-mix) alone and in combination with pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin or metribuzin) also performed well against weeds (P. minor as well as broadleaf) but its consistency was poor. Pyroxasulfone was best herbicide against P. minor with complete control, but was not found that effective against broadleaf weeds mainly Melilotus spp. and also caused crop phyto-toxicity at 128 g ha-1. Concerted efforts are required to educate the farmers on improved herbicide spraying techniques.
Open Access
Effect of nutrient management on yield and quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sandeep Kumar; Sharma, S.K.
The present investigation entitled “Effect of nutrient management on yield and quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars” was conducted at Pulse Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 with the objective to find out the impact of nutrient management on growth, yield, seed quality, nutrient uptake and economics of different lentil cultivars. The field experiment was laid out with 30 treatment combinations comprising of three varietal treatments (Sapna, Garima, HM 1) assigned to main plot and ten nutrient management practices allocated to sub-plot of split plot design by replicating thrice. Ten nutrient management practices consisting of combinations of variable rates of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers i.e. N1: control, N2 – RDF (20:40:0), N3: vermicompost (VC) @ 2 t ha-1, N4: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1, N5: RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar application, N6: RDF + 0.5% FeSO4 foliar application, N7: RDF+0.5% ZnSO4+0.5% FeSO4 foliar application, N8: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4 foliar application, N9: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% FeSO4 foliar application, N10: 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4+0.5% FeSO4 foliar application. The foliar spray of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 was carried out at pre-flowering and pod formation stage. The cultivar HM 1 produced the best results in terms of primary branches (3.45, 3.61 plant-1), secondary branches (12.22, 12.55 plant-1), total dry matter accumulation (9.75, 9.97 g plant-1), dry matter partitioning (4.84, 4.92 g plant-1) & partitioning coefficient (49.0, 48.8%) in pods, pods plant-1 (106, 108), seed yield (15.86, 16.12 q ha-1), attraction index (0.79, 0.94), harvest index (48.5, 48.2%), total uptake of N (85.7, 86.9 kg ha-1) & P (10.82, 11.39 kg ha-1), net return (16540, 22439 ` ha-1) and BC ratio (1.35, 1.47) over the cultivar Sapna and Garima during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The extent of increase in seed yield in cultivar HM 1 was 22 & 24 percent over Garima and 23 & 25 percent over Sapna during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Cultivar HM 1 recorded maximum net return (16540 and 22439 ` ha-1) and BC ratio (1.35 and 1.47) which was 203 & 128 percent and 20 & 21 percent higher than cultivar Garima during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. Although, the cultivar Sapna had higher leaf areas index (LAI), leaves biomass, 1000-seed weight, straw yield etc., which was statistically comparable with Garima in all these aspects. Among nutrient management practices, the application of 50% RDN+100% RDP+VC @ 1 t ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4+0.5% FeSO4 foliar spray (N10) recorded maximum growth and yield attributes, seed yield (16.25, 16.46 q ha-1), straw yield (19.6, 20.2 q ha-1), biological yield (35.8, 36.7 q ha-1), harvest index, content and uptake of N, P, K, Zn & Fe, protein content and economics of lentil during both the years, respectively. Although, this treatment was statistically identical with N9, N8 and N4 in most of these traits i.e. growth, yield attributes, yield, NPK content & uptake in seed and straw etc. This treatment (N10) increased the seed yield of lentil by 53 & 60 percent over control and 23 & 25 percent over RDF during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The treatment N10 provided the maximum net return (16136 and 22472 ` ha-1) and BC ratio (1.32 and 1.45) during both the years, respectively. The foliar application of 0.5% of each of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at pre-flowering and pod formation stage improved the Zn and Fe concentration in seed by 7.6 and 10.4% over control, respectively which may help to combat the micro-nutritional deficiency in human beings temporarily.
Open Access
Effect of irrigation schedule on growth, yield and quality of different rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) under direct seeded conditions
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sharma, Raman; Mangat Ram
The present field experiment entitled “Effect of irrigation schedule on growth, yield and quality of different rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) under direct seeded conditions”, was conducted at Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal) of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of irrigation water regimes on growth, yield and quality; water use and its efficiency and to determine the optimum schedule of irrigation in different rice varieties under direct seeded conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The main plot treatments consisted of 5 irrigation water regimes viz. direct seeded rice (DSR) irrigated at IW/CPE ratio of 1.0, DSR irrigated at IW/CPE ratio of 1.5, DSR irrigated at IW/CPE ratio of 2.0, DSR irrigated at weekly interval and conventional transplanted rice (TPR). The sub-plot treatments comprised 5 rice varieties viz. CSR 30 (tall scented), PB 1121 (semi dwarf scented), HKR 127 (medium duration non-scented) and HKR 47 (mid-early duration non-scented) and HKR 48 (early or short duration non- scented). The results revealed that growth parameters (plant height, number of tillers m-2 and dry weight), yield attributes (number of panicles m-2, number of grains per panicle and 1,000-grain weight), quality parameters (hulling, milling and head rice recovery), nutrient uptake and yield of rice crop increased significantly with increase in irrigation level in DSR and the highest value of all these parameters was observed when DSR was irrigated at weekly interval. The interaction effect of irrigation water regimes and varieties was found significant in respect of grain yield which revealed that HKR 48 yielded significantly higher than all other varieties in all the water regimes under direct seeded conditions but yielded less than the other non-scented varieties (HKR 127 and HKR 47) under transplanted conditions. The grain yield of HKR 127 and HKR 47 was reduced significantly under direct seeded conditions but the yield of CSR 30, PB 1121 and HKR 48 under direct seeded conditions was comparable to that under transplanted conditions. The milling and head rice recovery in non-scented rice varieties was better in TPR than in DSR but the grain quality of scented varieties in DSR (irrigated at weekly interval) was similar to that in TPR. The scented rice varieties had greater kernel length and length breadth ratio whereas hulling, milling and head rice recovery was significantly better in the non-scented varieties. The irrigation as well as total water requirement of the crop was higher in TPR than in DSR whereas the water productivity and water use efficiency was higher in DSR than in TPR. Irrigation at weekly interval was found to be the optimum irrigation schedule in direct seeded rice which saved 23-33 per cent irrigation water over transplanting besides giving yield of the scented and short duration non-scented varieties comparable to that under transplanting. The tall scented rice grown under direct seeded conditions gave the highest net returns.
Open Access
Studies on biology and management of Coronopus didymus and Melilotus indicus
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sudesh Devi; Thakral, S.K.
Coronopus didymus and Melilotus indicus are troublesome weeds in winter season crops. The study entitled “Studies on biology and management of Coronopus didymus and Melilotus indicus” was carried in College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17. The experiments to study the effect of temperature, osmotic stress, light, pH and salt stress on germination of C. didymus and M. indicus were conducted in laboratory (Department of Seed Science and Technology), while experiments to study the effect of seeding depth, flooding, mulching and herbicidal treatments on seedling emergence and management of C. didymus and M. indicus were carried out in green house (Department of Agronomy). All the experiments were conducted in completely randomized design with each treatment replicated four times.Based on research results it was found that the optimum temperature range for germination and better growth of C. didymus and M. indicus was 15-30oC day temperature and 10-20oC night temperature, whereas, C. didymus completely failed to germinate at 45/35oC. The germination and growth of C. didymus was more sensitive to increasing salt and moisture stress compared to M. indicus. M. indicus even germinated at 75 mM NaCl conc. (78%) and -1.0 MPa osmotic potential (45%), whereas, C. didymus did not germinate at this concentration of NaCl and osmotic potential. The optimum pH for germination of C. didymus was pH 5; however, for M. indicus it was pH 7. Both weeds were nonphotoblastic in nature, as dark and light period had no significant effect on germination of both weeds. The optimum burial depth for seedling emergence and better growth of C. didymus was found to be 0.5 cm and for M. indicus it was 1 cm. Continuous flooding for 32 days favored the emergence of C. didymus, however, M. indicus was sensitive to water submergence and did not emerge after 32 days continuous flooding. Rice straw mulching @ 10 t/ha provided complete control of C. didymus, but, only reduced emergence and growth of M. indicus as compared to no mulching/control. Although, post emergence application of imazethapyr (100 g/ha) and ready mix of imazethapyr + imazamox (70 g/ha) provided good control of both weeds, when sprayed at 3-4 weeks old seedling, while, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin, imazethapyr and RM of imazethapyr + imazamox were more effective against C. didymus and M. indicus.
Open Access
Integrated nutrient management for pearl millet-wheat cropping system under saline conditions
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sarita Rani; Satyavan
The present investigation entitled “Integrated nutrient management for pearl millet-wheat cropping system under saline conditions” was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif and rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 with the objective to find out the effect of various INM treatments on growth, yield attributes and yield, soil properties and microbial count of pearl millet-wheat cropping system under saline conditions. The experiment consisting of 12 different treatments i.e T1: Control, T2: 75% RDF, T3: RDF, T4: 125% RDF, T5: 75% RDF+BGS+ST-3, T6: RDF+BGS+ST-3, T7: 75% RDF+VC+ST-3, T8: RDF+VC+ST-3, T9: 75% RDF+FYM+Biomix, T10: RDF+FYM+Biomix, T11: 75% RDF+VC+Biomix and T12: RDF+VC+Biomix was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Both the crops were irrigated with saline water of ECiw 7.5-8.0 dS/m. Plant height, dry matter accumulation, growth indices, yield attributing traits and yield were significantly superior in both the crops in T10 treatment than T1 and T3 treatments. Maximum grain yield, stover yield and biological yield of pearl millet (35.4, 93.2 and 128.6 q/ha) were achieved by T10 treatment, which showed increase of 13.5%, 7.88% and 9.35%, respectively over the RDF (T3). The same treatment (T10) out yielded the wheat yield among all treatments during both the rabi seasons and recorded 12.14%, 9.21% and 10.38% higher grain, straw and biological yield over RDF (T3) treatment, respectively. The T10 treatment exhibited highest NPK content and uptake in both the crops during both the seasons, which was followed by T12 (RDF+VC+Biomix), T8 (RDF+VC+ST-3) and T6 (RDF+BGS+ST-3) treatments, respectively. The soil EC and pH were decreased by the FYM, VC and BGS applied treatments when compared with control (untreated) under saline conditions. These organic manures improved available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of soils than the control and sole RDF receiving plots. Soil microbial count including Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB viable cell count were improved by the application of organic manures and Biomix or Azotobacter chroococcum (ST-3) than the control and sole RDF treatments. The findings of the experiment revealed that the use FYM, VC and BGS along with chemical fertilizers (75% RDF and RDF) and seed treatment with single strain of Azotobacter chroococcum (ST-3) or with Biomix (triple strains of Azotobacter+Azospirillum+PSB) were effectively improved the crop growth and yields of pearl millet-wheat cropping system irrigated with saline water.
Open Access
Studies on herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.) and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Amandeep Kaur; Samunder Singh
The present investigation entitled, “Studies on herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.) and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried out during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in village Siswal, district Hisar (Haryana) and pot experiment was conducted in the screen house of Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, replicated thrice having pendimethalin PRE fb pinoxaden POE @ 1500 fb 50 g/ha, pendimethalin + metribuzin (RM) @ 1500 g/ha PRE, metribuzin @ 175 g/ha PRE, pyroxasulfone @ 127.5 g/ha PRE, pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin (TM) @ 106 + 1000 g/ha PRE, flumioxazin @ 100 g/ha PRE, flumioxazin + pendimethalin (TM) @ 80 + 1500 g/ha PRE, clodinafop + metsulfuron (TM) @ 60 + 4 g/ha POE, metribuzin @ 175 g/ha POE, sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (RM) @ 32 g/ha POE, pinoxaden + metsulfuron (TM) @ 50 + 4 g/ha POE, isoproturon @ 1000 g/ha POE, weedy check and weed free. Pot experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications having 0.5, 1.0 and 2 times dose of treatments applied in the field experiment except weed free. One untreated control was also kept for each population and herbicides for comparison. Pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin treatment resulted in 59.1 and 51.5; 61.2 and 55.2% reduction in A. ludoviciana population as compared to weedy check treatment, respectively at 30 DAS during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Pinoxaden + metsulfuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden resulted in 62.3 and 59.7; 64.5 and 61.8% reduction in A. ludoviciana density over weedy check treatment, respectively at harvest during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron (RM) and clodinafop + metsulfuron (TM) have poor efficacy against grassy as well as broadleaf weeds among other herbicides but superior than weedy check. Significantly higher grain yield was obtained in weed free treatment, which was statistically similar with pinoxaden + metsulfuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments, but significantly higher than all other treatments. Weed free, pinoxaden + metsufuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments produced 70.9, 67.7 and 64.9; 69.4, 67.0 and 64.3% higher grain yield as compared to weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Statistically similar grain yield was recorded in pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin treatments with 54.1 and 51.1; 55.3 and 52.4% higher yield than weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Application of flumioxazin and flumioxazin + pendimethalin provided effective weed control, but grain yield was lower due to crop phytotoxicity after first irrigation. A. ludoviciana biotype SHH2 which was highly resistant to clodinafop showed 55-60% visual control at 50 g/ha dose of pinoxaden (averaged data). Most of the biotypes were sensitive to the application of pinoxaden. It provided 60-85% mortality of all biotypes at 50 and 100 g/ha dose except SHH2 biotype. Sequential application of pendimethalin fb pinoxaden resulted in 85-90% visual mortality for all the biotypes at recommended and double dose, whereas half of the recommended dose of pinoxaden provided 70-75% visual mortality in DSH1, SHH1 and SHH2 biotypes. Poor control by pyroxasulfone @ 63.75 g/ha could be due to the lower availability of lethal dose of herbicide to cause satisfactory control. Pyroxasulfone @ 127.5 and 255 g/ha provided 70-90% visual mortality for all the biotypes. A. ludoviciana biotype SHH2 which was highly tolerant to clodinafop showed 55-60% visual mortality at recommended dose of pinoxaden. Most of the biotypes were sensitive to pinoxaden. It provided 60-85% mortality in all biotypes at 50 and 100 g/ha dose except SHH2 biotype. The information obtained from this study will facilitate proactive management of herbicide resistant weeds through inclusion of PRE herbicides in an ideal approach to reduce the selection pressure on POE herbicides.

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