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Open Access
Effect of transplanting time and planting geometry on growth, yield and quality of semi-dwarf Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Sagwal, Vishal; Ishwar Singh
A field experiment was conducted during summer (kharif) season of 2016 at College of Agriculture (Kaul), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study Effect of transplanting time and planting geometry on growth, yield and quality of semi-dwarf Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications keeping three time of transplanting viz., 1st week of July, 3rd week of July and 1st week of August in main plots and four planting geometries (15x15cm, 20x15cm, 30x20cm and Farmer’s practice) in sub plots. There was significant variation among different time of transplanting in respect of growth. Growth parameters were maximum in paddy transplanted in 1st week of July as compared to rest of the cultivars. The yield attributes as productive tillers/m2, panicle length and numbers of grains per panicle were significantly superior in paddy transplanted in 1st week of July. Early transplanting of paddy during 1st week of July proved significantly superior in terms of grain, straw and biological yield when compared to later transplanting i.e. 3rd week of July and 1st week of August. The difference was also significant between 3rd week of July and 1st week of August transplanting. The quality parameters of paddy transplanted in 1st week of July were significantly lower than delayed transplanting. Highest hulling and milling percent and head rice recovery was recorded with 3rd week of July transplanting which was statistically at par with 1st week of August transplanting. Early transplanting of paddy (1st week of July) had higher cost of cultivation, net returns and B:C ratio than delayed planting. Significantly taller plant height, greater number of tillers/m2 and higher dry matter accumulation was recorded with closer planting geometry (15x15cm). Growth parameters of 20x15cm planting geometry were higher than 30x20cm and transplanting with farmer’s practice. Closer planting geometry (15x15cm) produced significantly more effective tillers/m2 and longer panicles. Panicle length and number of productive tillers of 20x15cm planting geometry were also significantly higher than wider planting geometry (30x20cm and farmer’s practice). The grain, straw and biological yield of narrow (15x15cm and 20x15cm) planting geometry were found to be significantly higher than wide (30x20cm and Farmer’s practice) planting geometry. There was no significant difference in quality parameters of paddy with respect to planting geometry. Closer planting geometry of 15x15cm had highest cost of cultivation and produced highest gross returns but 20x15cm produced highest net returns. Low cost of cultivation of wider planting geometries (30x20cm and farmer’s practice) produced higher B:C ratio than narrow spaced geometries (15x15cm and 20x15cm).
Open Access
Response of pearl millet to Rhizosphere biofertilizers and foliar application of Azotobacter isolate under rainfed conditions
(CCSHAU, 2017) Savita; Anil Kumar
The field experiment entitled “Response of pearl millet to Rhizosphere bioferilizers and foliar application of isolate under rainfed conditions” was conducted during the kharif season of 2016 at the Research Farm Area of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar with the objective to study the effect of different bioinoculants (Biomix and Azotobacter) as seed treatment or foliar application along with and without recommended inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield, quality, microbial counts and economics of pearl millet. Twelve different nutrient management combinations i.e. T1 (Control) , T2 (Seed treatment with Biomix) , T3 ( Foliar spray of Azotobacter) isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 15 DAS , T4 ( Foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108 cfu ml-1 at 30 DAS) , T5 (RDF (40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1) , T6 (75 % RDF (30 kg N + 15 kg P2O5 ha-1) , T7 (T5 + seed treatment with Biomix), T8 (T5 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108 cfu ml-1 at 15 DAS), T9 (T5 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108 cfu ml-1 at 30 DAS) , T10 (T6 + seed treatment with Biomix ), T11 ( T6 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108cfu ml-1 at 15 DAS) and T12 (T6 + foliar spray of Azotobacter isolate JFS5 @ 108 cfu ml-1 at 30 DAS) was laid out in randomized block design along with three replications. The combined application of Biomix bioinoculants along with RDF (T7) significantly delayed various phenological events; wherein 50 percent flowering and physiological maturity was delayed by 4.0 and 3.7 days, respectively by this treatment compared to control. The growth parameters viz. plant height (cm), leaf area , total number of tillers plant-1 and dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g plant-1) as well as yield attributing parameters [number of ear heads plant-1, ear head length (cm), ear head girth (mm), test weight (g)] were also recorded significantly highest under this treatment T7. The crop growth indices i.e. LAI, LAD and CGR were found significantly higher in the treatments T7, T8, T9 and T10 over rest of the treatments. LAI was found maximum at 40 DAS and CGR and LAD between 20 and 40 DAS and thereafter, a decreasing trend was observed. The pearl millet grain and dry fodder yield were increased by 44.2% (33.40 q ha-1) and 42.4% (81.50 q ha-1), respectively under T7 treatment over the control (18.64 q ha-1 grain; 46.95 q ha-1 dry fodder yield). The N, P content and their uptake as well as in protein content in grain were also recorded higher in T7. The treatments involving biofertilizers along with inorganic fertilizer improved the microbial population (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria) as compared to inorganic fertilizers alone. The different microbial groups population were found more at boot stage compared to the dough stage. The highest gross returns (Rs. 59092 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 42484 ha-1) and B:C (3.56) were recorded highest the treatment T7- 40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + seed treatment with Biomix. The treatment resulted in Rs. 6208, Rs. 6158 and 0.37 more gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio over the T5 treatment and Rs. 25850, Rs. 24184 and 1.34 over the control, respectively.
Open Access
Effect of cutting management and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield, quality and seed yield of multicut oat (Avena sativa L.)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Monika; Sheoran, R.S.
The field experiment entitled “Effect of cutting management and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield, quality and seed yield of multicut oat (Avena sativa L.)” was conducted during the rabi season of 2016-17 at the Forage Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar with the objective to study the effect of cutting management and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield, seed production, quality and economics of different treatments for oat. Treatment combinations comprised of eight cutting management treatments i.e. C1 (Seed to Seed), C2 (Fodder at 50% flowering), C3 (Fodder 60 DAS- Seed), C4 (Fodder 70 DAS- Seed), C5 (Fodder at 80 DAS- Seed), C6 (Fodder 60 DAS- Fodder at 50% flowering), C7 (Fodder at 70 DAS- Fodder at 50% flowering), C8 (Fodder 80 DAS- Fodder at 50% flowering) and four levels of phosphorus i.e. control, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental field low in available nitrogen (161 kg N/ha, medium in available), phosphorus (12 kg/ha, medium in availibity), K (252 kg/ha, slightly alkaline in reaction having pH 7.8). The results indicated that the highest fodder and dry matter yield was obtained when only one cut of fodder was taken at 50% flowering stage and it was statistically at par for green fodder yield with treatment where first cut for fodder was taken at 80 DAS and second cut at 50% flowering stage. Harvesting of fodder at 80 DAS gave significantly higher forage yield and seed yield than the harvesting at 60 or 70 DAS. Contrary to this, the straw yield and biological yield were significantly higher in the treatment when the crop was raised purely for seed purpose. Under dual system, delay in first cut i.e. from 60 to 80 DAS resulted in a significant increase in fodder yield, seed yield, crude protein yield and net returns over the earlier cuttings. Every incremental dose of applied phosphorus resulted in a significant improvement in forage, seed and straw yield as well as the quality parameters and nutrient uptake over the lower doses. Harvesting of fodder at 50% flowering stage only gave the highest net returns and B: C ratio, whereas, under dual system, maximum net returns as well as B: C ratio was realized when first cut was taken at 80 DAS and then the crop was left for seed purpose. Application of 40 kg P2O5/ha also resulted in the higher forage and seed yield along with maximum net returns.
Open Access
Management of lodging and yield maximization using nutrient expert in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Jitendra Singh; Pannu, R.K.
A field experiment was conducted at research farm of CCS HAU, Hisar (29°10' N latitude and 75° 46' E longitude at an elevation of 215.2 m MSL) during Rabi 2016-17. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (8.2), low in available nitrogen (180 kg/ha), medium in available P (14 kg/ha) and high in available K (375 kg/ha). The experiment comprised of 12 treatment [T1: Control (without fertilizer), T2: RDF (150 kg N : 60 kg P2O5 : 60 kg K2O : 25 kg ZnSO4/ha), T3: 225 kg N : 74 kg P2O5 : 60 kg K2O : 25 kg ZnSO4/ha – Targeted yield 7 t/ha, T4: 275 kg N : 74 kg P2O5 : 60 kg K2O : 25 kg ZnSO4/ha – Targeted yield 8t/ha, Treatment T5, T6, T7 and T8 were having same fertilizers dose as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively along with two sprays of 0.2% CCC at 45 and 80 DAS. Similarly T9, T10, T11, and T12 were having same fertilizers dose as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively along with cross sowing in field. The experiment was conducted in random block design with three replications. Wheat variety HD2967 was cultivated with recommended package and practices except treatment to be tested. The growth of the crop plants in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, CGR, LAI and LAD increased with increase in fertilizer dose from T1 to T4, T5 to T8 and T9 to T12. All the growth parameters increased significantly under different doses of fertilizer application over control. The three levels of fertilizer did not differ significantly in any of growth parameters. The same trend was observed in treatments with 0.2% CCC spray and cross sowing. However, the CCC sprayed plants have significantly lower final plant height than corresponding fertilizer doses alone and under cross sowing treatments. The lodging score and lodging index increased with increase in fertilizer dose alone as well as under cross sowing treatments. But 0.2% CCC spray at 45 and 80 DAS completely controlled the lodging. The grain yield (6902 kg/ha), biological yield (15620 kg/ha) and HI (44.2%) were highest with highest dose of fertilizers with CCC spray. It was closely followed by 225 N, 74 P205, 60 K20, 25 ZnSO4 (kg/ha) + CCC (T7) and RDF + CCC (T6). The highest yield in T8 was because of highest no. of grains per spike (52.7) and highest test weight (42.87g). The highest dose of fertilizer alone (T4) and with cross sowing (T12) have significantly lower yield than in T8 due to lodging. The grain, straw and biological yield decreases with nonsignificant difference under higher doses over recommended dose of fertilizer with cross-sowing. The economics of different treatment shows that the highest net return were recorded in T8 (Rs.78045/ha) closely followed by T10 (Rs.78045/ha) although B:C ratio (2.32) was highest in T10 followed by T2 (2.30). The nutrient expert model did not simulate the grain yield of wheat under field conditions of Hisar as the crop yield increase slightly to higher doses with non-significant difference over RDF. Lodging in wheat can be controlled successfully with two sprays of 0.2% CCC at 45 and 80 DAS.
Open Access
Effect of planting geometry and nitrogen level on growth, yield and quality of medium duration non-scented rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(CCSHAU, 2017) Amit Kumar; Ishwar Singh
The field experiment was conducted during kharif 2016 at Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal) of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of planting geometry and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of non-scented rice variety HKR 127. The experiment consisted of four planting geometries viz. 15 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm and Farmer’s practice in main-plots and three nitrogen levels viz. 120, 150 and 180 kg/ha in sub-plots in split-plot design with four replications. Soil of the experimental field was sandy-clay-loam in texture, alkaline in reaction(pH 7.7), medium in organic carbon (0.51 %), low in available nitrogen (161 kg N/ha), medium in phosphorus (28 kg P2O5/ha) and high in potassium (378 kg K2O/ha). Plant height, number of tillers per m2, dry matter accumulation per m2, yield and yield attributes and nutrient (NPK) uptake in grain and straw increased significantly with close planting geometry (15 cm x 15 cm and 20 cm x 15 cm), while number of grains per panicle increased with wide planting geometry (30 cm x 20 cm and farmer’s practice). The maximum grain and straw yield (8670 and 10540 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded with medium planting geometry (20 cm x 15 cm). However, plant height, dry matter accumulation per m2, number of grains per panicle, straw and grain yield and nutrient uptake increased with increase in nitrogen levels from 120 to 180 kg N/ha. The maximum grain and straw yield (8703 and 11257 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded at 180 kg N/ha. Panicle length, 1000-grain weight, harvest index and quality parameters (hulling, milling and head rice recovery) were not affected significantly due to planting geometry and nitrogen levels, while nutrient (NPK) concentration in grain and straw was affected significantly by nitrogen levels but not by planting geometry. Highest gross return (Rs. 128,505/ha), net return (Rs. 57,694/ha and benefit:cost (B: C) ratio (1.81) were obtained with planting geometry of 20 cm x 15 cm spacing. The highest gross return (Rs. 128,148/ha), net return (Rs. 58,997/ha and B: C ratio (1.85) were obtained with 180 kg N/ha. However, the cultivation of rice variety HKR 127was found most economical when it was transplanted at spacing of 20 cm x 15 cm and supplied with150 kg/ha.
Open Access
Effect of seed priming, biofertilizer inoculations and nitrogen levels on late sown wheat
(CCSHAU, 2017) Patra, Bishnupriya; Jagdev Singh
A field experiment entitled “Effect of seed priming, biofertilizer inoculations and nitrogen levels on late sown wheat” was conducted during the rabi season of 2015-16 at Agronomy Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments in main plots i.e. no seed priming, seed priming with water, seed priming with water + Azotobacter, seed priming with water + AM fungi, seed priming with water + Biomix, 4 nitrogen levels in sub plots (120,135,150,165 kg N ha-1). The 20 treatment combinations were tested in split plot design with three replications. Based on research investigation it was found that seed priming with water significantly improved germination, reduced days taken to different phenological parameters, plant stand, growth parameters except tillers which was not significantly better over nonpriming. Biofertilizer inoculations (Azotobacter, AM fungi and Biomix) along with seed priming significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes except 1000 - grain weight, yields, protein yield and nutrient uptake as compared to no inoculation, but it had no effect on harvest index. Plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI, CGR, number of tillers, all the yield attributes, grain yield, biological yield, protein yield, N content and total NPK uptake increased significantly up to 150 kg N ha-1, which was at par with 165 kg ha-1. However, N uptake in grain, total uptake and protein content and protein yield increased significantly up to 165 kg N ha-1. Highest net returns were obtained under priming + Biomix treatment (Rs. 44041) with B:C of 2.07 which was statistically at par with all the priming + biofertilizer inoculations. In case of nitrogen levels highest returns were obtained in 165 kg dose (Rs. 44878), which were at par to 150 kg ha-1. Seed priming + inoculation with biofertilizer (Biomix/AM fungi) along with 135 kg N ha-1 produced statistically comparable yield and economic returns to 150-165 kg N ha-1 without priming and inoculation treatments.
Open Access
Performance of pearlmillet and greengram as intercrop in cotton
(CCSHAU, 2017) Mukesh; Karmal Singh
The experiment was conducted to find out the most fesible intercrop in cotton and monetary benefit of different intercrops, based on one year investigation it was found that growth parameter like plant height of cotton was significantly higher in intercropping upto 75 DAS after that the plant height was not influenced by intercropping treatments. Cotton intercropped with greengram accumulated significantly higher dry matter per plant as compared to cotton intercropped with pearlmillet. Quality parameter of cotton were not influenced by different treatments. Number of boll per plant was significantly higher in cotton when intercropped with greengram. Boll weight was at par in sole and intercropped Bt. cotton. Seed cotton yield was significantly higher in greengram intercropped treatments (4663 kg ha-1, 4550 kg ha) in Bt. cotton intercropped with greengram (1:1) and (1:2) respectively. Greengram and pearlmillet with (1:2) were dominated by cotton and same was indicated by their negative aggressivity values. Intercropping of Bt. cotton + greengram (1:2) provided highest cotton equivalent yield (5028 kg ha-1), net return (Rs. 187267 /ha) and B: C (3.52) with LER (1.70), followed by Bt. cotton + greengram (1:1). Therefore, for maximizing the monetary returns, farmer should opt for greengram as a intercrop in cotton (1:1) or (1:2) row ratio.
Open Access
Response of wheat to foliar application of water soluble fertilizers
(CCSHAU, 2017) Suneel Kumar; Satish Kumar
A field experiment entitled “Response of wheat to foliar application of water soluble fertilizers” was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 at Agronomy Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, low in available nitrogen (131.3 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorous (17.2 kg/ha), and high in available potassium (335.4 kg/ha). The soil was alkaline in reaction (pH 7.8). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 17 treatments having three replication. The treatments comprising two fertilizers level i.e. RDF (150 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 60 kg K2O/ha) and 75% of RDF and supplemented with foliar application of water soluble fertilizers viz. Urea phosphate (17:44) @ 1.5%, NPK (18:18:18) @ 1.5%, ZnSO4 @ 0.5% and Urea 2% at different stages. One treatment was control where no fertilizer applied. Growth parameters viz, plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and leaf area index were increased with T9 i.e. RDF along with foliar application of water soluble fertilizers NPK (18:18:18) @ 1.5% at 40 DAS followed by Urea phosphate (17:44) @ 1.5% at 65 DAS. Yield attributes as well as yield, also improved significantly with T9 i.e. RDF along with foliar application of water soluble fertilizers NPK (18:18:18) @ 1.5% at 40 DAS followed by Urea phosphate (17:44) @ 1.5% at 65 DAS. However, alternate application of NPK (18:18:18) @ 1.5% and Urea phosphate (17:44) @ 1.5% or vice versa produced statistically similar grain yield of wheat at the same level of fertilizer application. The nutrients concentration and their uptake and quality parameters were also higher in T9. The higher B:C ratio was found with RDF along with foliar application of water soluble fertilizers NPK (18:18:18) @ 1.5% at 40 DAS and Urea phosphate (17:44) @ 1.5% at 65 DAS but 75% of RDF and supplemented with alternate foliar application of water soluble fertilizers NPK (18:18:18) @ 1.5% at 40 DAS followed by Urea phosphate (17:44) @ 1.5% at 65 DAS was found more economical.
Open Access
Response of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) to vermicompost, biofertilizers and nitrogen levels
(CCSHAU, 2017) Manjeet; Parveen Kumar
The present study entitled “Response of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) to vermicompost, biofertilizers and nitrogen levels.” was conducted at Agronomy Research Area, CCSHAU,HISAR during Kharif 2016 with the objective to study the effect of vermicompost, biofertilizers and nitrogen level on growth, yield attributes and yield, nutrient uptake and economics of pearl millet hybrid HHB-223. In the main plot there were manurial treatment viz. control, biomix, vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + biomix. In sub plot there was nitrogen levels viz. 70, 80, 90 and 100 per cent RDN so there were a total 16 treatment combination. Different nutrient management practices did not differ significantly in respect of various phenological events viz. emergence, five leaf stage and initiation of the milking while boot stage, 50 per cent flowering and physiological maturity were affected significantly and more days were taken with biomix + vermicompost @ 2.5t ha-1 under different manurial treatments. The growth parameters viz. [plant height (cm), LAI, total number of tillers plant-1, dry matter accumulation (g plant-1) and leaf area plant-1 (cm2)], yield attributing characters [effective tiller plant-1, earhead length (cm), earhead girth (cm), test weight (g)] and grain, stover yield (Mg ha-1) differed significantly among different treatments. Among manurial treatment these character were higher with biomix + vermicompost @ 2.5t ha-1 and with 100 per cent RDN with different nitrogen level. Higher N content and uptake was with biomix + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 in manurial treatment and 100 per cent RDN with different nitrogen levels. Also, availability of nutrient (N, P and K) after harvest in soil increased with increasing level of nitrogen and was highest in biomox + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 treatment among manurial treatment. In manurial treatment higher gross return (` 50252) and net returns (` 17532) were recorded with biomix + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1. Gross return, net returns and B:C ratio of pearl millet increased with increasing level of nitrogen and their highest value were recorded with 100 per cent RDN and was ` 48217, ` 21036 and 1.77, respectively but almost comparable with 90 per cent RDN. Hence, for enhancing crop growth characters, yield attributes, yield and monetary returns pearl millet seed should be treated with biomix and fertilized with 90% RDN along with vermicompost application @ 2.5 t ha-1.

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