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Open Access
Microclimate modification and simulation studies on pigeonpea under semi-arid conditions
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Rahul; Khichar, M.L.
Field experiment entitled ―Microclimate modification and simulation studies on pigeonpea under semi-arid climatic conditions‖ were conducted during kharif season (2020 and 2021) at research farm, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar located at 29º 10´ N latitude, 75º 46´ E longitude and 215.2 m altitude. The experiment was put in a factorial randomized block design and comprised of three plant spacing (main plot treatments) viz. S1- 30 × 10 cm, S2- 40 × 10 cm, S3- 60 × 10 cm and four sub plot treatments comprising four varieties viz. V1 (Paras), V2 (Manak), V3 (PAU 881) and V4 (Pusa 992) with three replications. Spacing 60 × 10 cm and Pusa 992 took more number of days to attain physiological maturity in both the crop seasons. Higher plant height was recorded in spacing 30 × 10 cm and Pars in both the crop seasons. Maximum dry matter was observed in 60 × 10 cm spacing and Paras in both the crop seasons. Maximum LAI and chlorophyll content was recorded in 60 × 10 cm spacing and Paras in both the crop seasons. LAI and chlorophyll content increases with the advancement of crop growth intervals and reach maximum at 130 DAS and then gradually decrease up to 150 DAS. Maximum primary and secondary branches per plant were observed in 60 × 10 cm spacing and Paras in both the crop seasons. Test weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were observed highest in 60 × 10 cm spacing and Paras in both the crop seasons. Highest GDD, HTU and PTU were recorded in 60 × 10 cm spacing and Pusa 992 from seedling emergence to physiological maturity in both the crop seasons. The temperature profiles were inverse in morning hours and lapse in evening hours. The relative humidity profiles were lapse inside the crop canopy throughout the day but profiles were near iso-humic at 0900 in the morning during various growth stages during both crop seasons. Simulation performance of model showed an underestimation with days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity, LAI and biological yield, while, Harvest index and seed yield was overestimated by the model.
Open Access
Appraisal of aquacrop model for barley crop production under semi-arid conditions in Haryana
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Bassi, Navreet; Surender Singh
Barley is one of the most important cereals of the world. It is cultivated in almost all parts of the world except the tropical regions. Barley is a major source of food for larger number of people living in the cooler semi-arid regions of the world where wheat and other cereals are less adapted. The present study entitled “Appraisal of AquaCrop Model for barley crop production under semi-arid conditions in Haryana” was conducted in Research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar for two seasons 2019-20 and 2020-21. Barley crop was sown in four different dates: 15th November 2019 and 28th November 2020 (D1), 30th November 2019 and 14th December 2020 (D2), 15th December 2019 and 28th December 2020 (D3) and 30th December 2019 and 8th January 2021 (D4). Four cultivars selected for the study were BH 393 (V1), BH 902 (V2), BH 393 (V3) and BH 885 (V4). The objectives of the experiment were, (i) To evaluate AquaCrop model for barley crop for semi arid conditions in Haryana, (ii) To estimate barley crop water productivity (CWP) in different growing environments, and (iii) To compare yield response of barley crop in different growing environments. During the experiment, observations were recorded for plant growth parameters, soil moisture content at various depths (15, 30, 60 and 90 cm), soil temperature at 15 and 30 cm depth, micrometeorological parameters and yield and yield attributes. The AquaCrop was evaluated using the observed parameters recorded during the two-season experiment. From the experiment it was concluded that, the AquaCrop model overestimated the grain yield of varieties BH 902, BH 946, BH 885 and underestimated the yield of BH 393. The model showed a closer estimate with the crop sown in November than in crop sown in second fortnight of December or later. After the evaluation of the model it was concluded that AquaCrop can effectively work for the semi-arid conditions of Haryana for November sown crop. The CWP was observed to be higher inseason 2020-21 than season 2019-20. November sown crop showed a higher CWP than December and January sown crop. BH 885 showed the maximum CWP than other varieties. November sown crop showed a higher yield and plant growth parameters than December and January sown crop and BH 885 showed a higher yield and plant growth parameters.
Open Access
Sensitivity analysis for potato crop under different climate change scenarios in Haryana
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Rajesh Kumar; Dagar, C.S.
The experiment entitled, “Sensitivity analysis for potato crop under different climate change scenarios in Haryana” was conducted at Agricultural Meteorology Research Farm of CCS HAU, Hisar, during Rabi season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment was comprised of four planting dates (main plot treatments) viz. D1- 10th October, D2- 25th October, D3- 10th November and D4- 25th November and sub plot treatments comprising three different varieties viz. V1- Kufri Bahar, V2- Kufri Pushkar and V3- Kufri Lima during both the crop seasons. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD design with four replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. AGDD, AHTU, APTU, RUE and TUE accumulation was significantly higher under D2 sown crop at various phenophases. Among different sowing dates, D2- 25th Oct sown crop resulted in better overall growth as compared to D1, D3 and D4 sown crops in both the crop seasons. During crop season 2019-20, D4 sown crop was recorded highest tuber yield, whereas, in 2020-21, D2 sown crop. While, among varieties, Kufri Pushkar attained better growth and produced highest tuber yield with better yield attributes as compared to Kufri Bahar and Kufri Lima, in both the crop seasons. The micrometeorological parameters, among different planting dates were performed better in 25th October sown crop. Tuber yield was positively and significantly correlated with RHm, Rhe, BSH and RF, whereas, significantly and negatively correlated with Tmin. However, it was showed positive and significant correlation with LAI, total dry matter and absorbed PAR at tuber bulking stage. APSIM-Potato model was calibrated for 2019-20 and derived their genetic coefficients and further outputs were validated for second year (2020-21) experiments. The results revealed that simulated values of days taken for emergence, tuber initiation, physiological maturity, maximum LAI and tuber yield were in good agreement with observed values for Hisar conditions. The model under estimated the days taken for emergence whereas, over estimated the days taken for tuber initiation, physiological maturity, maximum LAI and tuber yield in majority of the treatments. The model has proved to be a suitable tool for optimization in potato management, prediction of phenology and estimating potential yield. Among different projected periods 2040s, 2060s 2080s and for all four projected climate change scenarios viz. RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5, the lowest maximum leaf area index and tuber yield was found under projected period 2080s in RCP 8.5 projected climate change scenario in D2 (25th Oct) sown crop and Kufri bahar variety.
Open Access
Study of microclimate in Pearl millet genotype under different growing environments
(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07-26) Harshana; Anil Kumar
Field experiment entitled “Study of microclimate in pearl millet genotype under different growing environments” was conducted during kharif season (2020 and 2021) at research farm, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar which is located at 29° 10´ N latitude, 75° 46´ E longitude with 215.2 m altitude. The experiment was carried in a factorial RBD design that comprised of three sowing dates viz. D1 – 2nd fortnight of June; D2 – 1st fortnight of July and D3 – 2nd fortnight of July; and three different genotypes viz. V1 (GHB 558), V2 (HHB 67 improved) and V3 (HHB 272) during crop season 2020 and 2021, respectively with four replications. Crop growth and development i.e. the phonological phases, plant height, no. of tillers/ plant, leaf area index, CCI and dry matter accumulation were higher in D1 and V1 under different growing environments and genotypes. Among all the treatments, D1 recorded higher grain (3726 and 3576 kg/ha ) and biological yields (13863 and 13442 kg/ha) ) during crop season 2020 and 2021, respectively. The higher grain and biological yields were recorded during crop season 2020 as compared to crop season 2021. The highest grain and biological (3767 and 13444 kg/ha during crop season 2020) and (3642 and 13043 kg/ha during crop season 2021) were recorded in V1, respectively. Maximum soil moisture content was recorded in early sown crop during both the crop seasons. 2021 crop seasons had high soil moisture content as compared to crop season 2020. Among different growing environments, morning soil temperature was observed significantly higher in D1 at 5 and 10 cm depth and lower was in D3 at 5 cm depth during both the crop seasons. Among different growing environments, the higher chlorophyll content value was significantly observed in D1 as compare to other sowing dates, highest intercepted PAR were observed in D1 sown crop at various growth intervals during both crop seasons. Among genotypes during both crop seasons crop at various growth intervals, V1 (GHB 558) received higher intercepted PAR. All the agrometeorological indices were consumed more by D1 at different phenophases among different growing environments during both the crop seasons. Among genotypes, the indices were consumed highest by V1 (GHB 558). Among micrometeorological studies, the absorbed PAR was higher in D1 and was maximum in V1 (GHB 558) under varying growing pearl millet genotypes during both crop seasons. The net radiation was higher at anthesis stage. The higher canopy temperature Tc was observed late sown crop during two years study. The temperature profiles were lapse within the canopy throughout the day. The relative humidity profiles were lapse throughout the day inside the crop canopy but profiles were near iso-humic in the morning at 9:00 hours at different crop growth stages during both crop seasons.
Open Access
Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Premdeep; Khichar, M.L
Field experiment entitled “Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments” was conducted during Rabi season (2015-16 and 2016-17) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10 N, 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 m). The experiment was comprised of three sowing dates main plot treatments namely D1 (2nd fortnight of November), D2 (1st fortnight of December) and D3 (2nd fortnight of December); three varieties V1 (WH 1105), V2 (DPW 621-50) and V3 (HD 2967) sub plot treatments comprising. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. GDD, HTU, PTU and PTI accumulation was significantly higher under D1 (2nd fortnight of November) sowing date at all the phenophases in comparison to the other dates of sowing. The requirement of growing degree days were more in D1 (2nd fortnight of November). Highest PAR and RUE values obtained in D1 (2nd fortnight of November) date of sowing with V1 (WH 1105) variety as compared to other treatments.The highest plant height, dry matter accumulation and LAI was recorded under D1 and V1 with maximum CCI at anthesis stage. Chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was highest recorded under D1 during anthesis stage as compared to other date of sowing. The yield and yield attributes viz. ear per plant, length of spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield significantly higher under early sowing (D1) as compared to late sown. Weather variables showed a positive and negative correlation with yield and yield attributes. Simulation performance of model showed an overestimation with days to emergence, anthesis, physiological maturity while grain yield, straw yield and harvest index showed a over-underestimation of results.
Open Access
In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Mohammad Ahatsham; Surender Singh
A field experiment entitled “In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis” was conducted during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar. The D1 (25th Oct. and 07th Oct.) sown crop perform better in respect of agrometeorological, growth indices and yield parameters as compared to D2 (05th Nov. and 20th Oct.) and D3 (15th Nov. and 03rd Nov) date of sowings. The delay sowing of mustard crop led to shortening of vegetative and reproductive phase duration. Among the varieties; RH 0749 performed better in respect of agrometeorological, growth, stress indices, yield and yield attributes as compared to Laxmi, RH 406, RH 30 and Kranti in both the seasons. Higher temperature during reproductive phase caused stress which resulted in forced maturity and reduced the reproductive phase duration significantly under the late sown crop. Increased mean maximum temperature during the seed development phase decreased the seed yield and produced poor quality seed. The crop growth rate was initially low then increased till seed development (P5) and attained maximum value at seed development stage and then declined consistently till the maturity stage. The cultivar RH 0749 took more days (150 in 2015-16 and 138 in 2014-15 season) to attain physiological maturity. Under stress and non-stress conditions RH 0749 were found low drought susceptibility and high yield stability. The regression model developed for predicting growth and development of mustard crop using various meteorological parameters explained the variability to the extent of 62, 69, 87, 87 and 71 per cent for leaf area index, drymatter, biological yield, seed yield and number of siliquae, respectively.
Open Access
Regional rainfall analysis of Haryana in relation to monsoon teleconnections
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11) Abhilash; Surender Singh
The investigation entitled “Regional rainfall analysis of Haryana in relation to monsoon teleconnections” was carried out for Haryana. The meteorological data of 30 years (1988 - 2017) of different locations in the state was used for this investigation. The mean monsoon season rainfall in the state ranged between 248.1 mm at Sirsa and 957.2 mm at Ambala. All locations showed a general decreasing trend in the rainfall behaviour in recent times. The cumulative contribution of rainfall of July and August was 61 to 70% in monsoon season rainfall at different locations. Monthly mean rainfall ranged between 43.6 and 134.1 mm (June), 81.2 and 340.2 mm (July), 68.8 and 331.2 mm (August) and 54.5 and 175.4 mm (September) at different locations. The cumulative frequency of below normal rainfall during EI Niño episodes was observed maximum at Hisar (83.2%) and most normal rainfall was observed at each Bhiwani (50.0%), Sonipat (50.0%) as well as Ambala (50.0%). The cumulative frequency of above normal rainfall during La Niña episodes was observed maximum at each Sirsa (50%), Hisar (50%), Bhiwani (50.0%) and Narnaul (50.0%), whereas the frequency of above normal rainfall was observed minimum at Ambala (16.6%). During the strongest El Niño year of 2015, most of the locations in the state received deficient monsoon rainfall, whereas, during the strongest La Niña episode of 1988, most of the locations received excess to large excess monsoon rainfall, which is indicative of the influence of strongest El Niño and La Niña on the regional behaviour of monsoon rainfall. The strength of the association between ENSO and monsoon rainfall was found significant for Sirsa, Hisar, Narnaul, Rewari, Karnal, overall western agro-climatic zone of Haryana, as well as all India. But, the strength of the association between monsoon rainfall pattern and NAO was insignificant for all the locations. Monsoon rainfall at all stations showed a negative but significant correlation with Sea Surface Temperature of Nino 3.4 region of the Pacific Ocean. All the regional stations along with both agro-climatic zones, Haryana as well as subdivision showed positive and significant correlation with Southern Oscillation Index, whereas no significant correlation was observed between monsoon rainfall and North Atlantic Oscillation. The influence of monsoon rainfall on bajra productivity for the different districts lying in western Haryana as explained by coefficient of determination (R2) ranges from 7.02 % to 9.6 %, whereas monsoon rainfall influenced bajra productivity of overall Haryana by 8.18 % only. Similarly, the influence of monsoon rainfall on rice productivity for the different districts lying in eastern Haryana ranges from 21.8 % to 48.2 %, whereas monsoon rainfall influenced Rice productivity of overall Haryana by 24.3 % only.
Open Access
Spatio-temporal Progression of Yellow Wheat Rust in relation to Weather in NW India
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Madho Singh; Niwas, Ram
Field experiment entitled “Spatio-temporal progression of yellow wheat rust in relation to weather in NW India” was conducted during rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016- 17 at different locations of NW India, at HAU, Hisar. The first appearance of yellow rust on 9th Jan. (2nd SMW) in Yamuna Nagar during 2015-16 and during 2016-17 the yellow rust was observed on 29th Dec. (52 SMW) in Gurdaspur station.. Disease severity was higher (70%) during rabi 2015-16 as compared to 2016-17 (60%). The maximum temperature, minimum temperature and Vapour pressure deficit were positive significant correlated whereas morning and evening relative humidity were negatively correlated with disease severity of yellow rust and rainfall had non significant correlation with disease severity. The variability in disease severity can be explained from 72 to 96 percent by minimum temperature and maximum relative humidity. The spectral indices viz., NDVI, VI, NRI and NPCI were negatively correlated with disease severity and DWSI and PSRI were positively correlated with disease severity of yellow rust at all the locations.The best fit model based on spectral indices explained the variability in disease severity of yellow rust up to 98 percent by NDVI and DWSI at Jammu, 74 percent at Gurdaspur, 94 percent at Yamuna Nagar, 95 percent at Dhaula Kuan, 97 percent at Ambala, and 92 percent at Karnal, and 99 percent at Hisar, respectively.
Open Access
Simulation of potato cultivars response to planting dates in a sub-tropical environment using SUBSTOR-Potato model
(CCSHAU, 2019) Yogesh Kumar; Raj Singh
Field experiment entitled “Simulation of potato cultivars response to planting dates in a sub-tropical environment using SUBSTOR-Potato model” was conducted during Rabi season (2016- 17 and 2017-18) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (Lat. - 29° 10 N, Long. - 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 amsl). The experiment was comprised of four planting dates main plot treatments namely (D1) -8th October, (D2) - 22th October, (D3) – 5th November (D4) – 15th November; sub plot treatments comprising three different cultivars viz. (V1)- Kufri Bahar, (V2)- Kufri Pushkar and (V3)- Kufri Surya. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with four replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. AGDD, AHTU, APTU, RUE and TUE accumulation was significantly higher under second planting dates at various phenophases in comparison to the other planting dates. Among varying planting dates for evaluation of effect of planting time on growth, development and yield parameters of potato, second planting date (D2- 22th October) resulted in better overall growth and produced higher tuber and haulm yield as compared to first planting dates (D1), third (D3) and fourth planting dates (D4) in both the crop seasons. While, among varieties, Kufri Pushkar produced highest tuber yield with better yield attributes as compared to Kufri Bahar and Kufri Surya, in both the crop seasons. In respect of phenological observations, agrometeorological indices and growth parameters shows better in 22th October sown crop with variety Kufri Pushkar, among different planting dates and varieties. The micrometeorological parameters were performed better in 22th October sown crop under different planting dates. Temperature profiles were inverse throughout the day with in the crop canopy. Over the top of the crop canopy the temperature profiles was lapse. The relative humidity profiles were lapse inside the crop canopy throughout the day except at 9:00 AM hours, iso-humic at different phenophases during both crop seasons. SUBSTOR-Potato model was calibrated for the 2016-17 and derived their genetic coefficients and further outputs were validated for second season 2017-18. The results revealed that comparison of observed and simulated days to tuber initiation and physiological maturity were in good agreement in Sub-tropical environment. The simulated tuber yield under D1 and D3 planting, model simulation under estimated and the rest of planting dates it showed over estimation results. Simulation performance of the model was found satisfactory and over estimated by the model with reasonable agreement (±10 %). The model has proved to a suitable tool for optimization in potato management, prediction of phenology and estimates potential yield.

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