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ThesisItem Open Access Study of microclimate in Pearl millet genotype under different growing environments(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07-26) Harshana; Anil KumarField experiment entitled “Study of microclimate in pearl millet genotype under different growing environments” was conducted during kharif season (2020 and 2021) at research farm, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar which is located at 29° 10´ N latitude, 75° 46´ E longitude with 215.2 m altitude. The experiment was carried in a factorial RBD design that comprised of three sowing dates viz. D1 – 2nd fortnight of June; D2 – 1st fortnight of July and D3 – 2nd fortnight of July; and three different genotypes viz. V1 (GHB 558), V2 (HHB 67 improved) and V3 (HHB 272) during crop season 2020 and 2021, respectively with four replications. Crop growth and development i.e. the phonological phases, plant height, no. of tillers/ plant, leaf area index, CCI and dry matter accumulation were higher in D1 and V1 under different growing environments and genotypes. Among all the treatments, D1 recorded higher grain (3726 and 3576 kg/ha ) and biological yields (13863 and 13442 kg/ha) ) during crop season 2020 and 2021, respectively. The higher grain and biological yields were recorded during crop season 2020 as compared to crop season 2021. The highest grain and biological (3767 and 13444 kg/ha during crop season 2020) and (3642 and 13043 kg/ha during crop season 2021) were recorded in V1, respectively. Maximum soil moisture content was recorded in early sown crop during both the crop seasons. 2021 crop seasons had high soil moisture content as compared to crop season 2020. Among different growing environments, morning soil temperature was observed significantly higher in D1 at 5 and 10 cm depth and lower was in D3 at 5 cm depth during both the crop seasons. Among different growing environments, the higher chlorophyll content value was significantly observed in D1 as compare to other sowing dates, highest intercepted PAR were observed in D1 sown crop at various growth intervals during both crop seasons. Among genotypes during both crop seasons crop at various growth intervals, V1 (GHB 558) received higher intercepted PAR. All the agrometeorological indices were consumed more by D1 at different phenophases among different growing environments during both the crop seasons. Among genotypes, the indices were consumed highest by V1 (GHB 558). Among micrometeorological studies, the absorbed PAR was higher in D1 and was maximum in V1 (GHB 558) under varying growing pearl millet genotypes during both crop seasons. The net radiation was higher at anthesis stage. The higher canopy temperature Tc was observed late sown crop during two years study. The temperature profiles were lapse within the canopy throughout the day. The relative humidity profiles were lapse throughout the day inside the crop canopy but profiles were near iso-humic in the morning at 9:00 hours at different crop growth stages during both crop seasons.ThesisItem Open Access Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Premdeep; Khichar, M.LField experiment entitled “Study on microclimate of wheat crop and validation of DSSAT under different sowing environments” was conducted during Rabi season (2015-16 and 2016-17) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10 N, 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 m). The experiment was comprised of three sowing dates main plot treatments namely D1 (2nd fortnight of November), D2 (1st fortnight of December) and D3 (2nd fortnight of December); three varieties V1 (WH 1105), V2 (DPW 621-50) and V3 (HD 2967) sub plot treatments comprising. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. GDD, HTU, PTU and PTI accumulation was significantly higher under D1 (2nd fortnight of November) sowing date at all the phenophases in comparison to the other dates of sowing. The requirement of growing degree days were more in D1 (2nd fortnight of November). Highest PAR and RUE values obtained in D1 (2nd fortnight of November) date of sowing with V1 (WH 1105) variety as compared to other treatments.The highest plant height, dry matter accumulation and LAI was recorded under D1 and V1 with maximum CCI at anthesis stage. Chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was highest recorded under D1 during anthesis stage as compared to other date of sowing. The yield and yield attributes viz. ear per plant, length of spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield significantly higher under early sowing (D1) as compared to late sown. Weather variables showed a positive and negative correlation with yield and yield attributes. Simulation performance of model showed an overestimation with days to emergence, anthesis, physiological maturity while grain yield, straw yield and harvest index showed a over-underestimation of results.ThesisItem Open Access In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Mohammad Ahatsham; Surender SinghA field experiment entitled “In-season temperature variations in Indian mustard: An agrometeorological analysis” was conducted during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar. The D1 (25th Oct. and 07th Oct.) sown crop perform better in respect of agrometeorological, growth indices and yield parameters as compared to D2 (05th Nov. and 20th Oct.) and D3 (15th Nov. and 03rd Nov) date of sowings. The delay sowing of mustard crop led to shortening of vegetative and reproductive phase duration. Among the varieties; RH 0749 performed better in respect of agrometeorological, growth, stress indices, yield and yield attributes as compared to Laxmi, RH 406, RH 30 and Kranti in both the seasons. Higher temperature during reproductive phase caused stress which resulted in forced maturity and reduced the reproductive phase duration significantly under the late sown crop. Increased mean maximum temperature during the seed development phase decreased the seed yield and produced poor quality seed. The crop growth rate was initially low then increased till seed development (P5) and attained maximum value at seed development stage and then declined consistently till the maturity stage. The cultivar RH 0749 took more days (150 in 2015-16 and 138 in 2014-15 season) to attain physiological maturity. Under stress and non-stress conditions RH 0749 were found low drought susceptibility and high yield stability. The regression model developed for predicting growth and development of mustard crop using various meteorological parameters explained the variability to the extent of 62, 69, 87, 87 and 71 per cent for leaf area index, drymatter, biological yield, seed yield and number of siliquae, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Regional rainfall analysis of Haryana in relation to monsoon teleconnections(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11) Abhilash; Surender SinghThe investigation entitled “Regional rainfall analysis of Haryana in relation to monsoon teleconnections” was carried out for Haryana. The meteorological data of 30 years (1988 - 2017) of different locations in the state was used for this investigation. The mean monsoon season rainfall in the state ranged between 248.1 mm at Sirsa and 957.2 mm at Ambala. All locations showed a general decreasing trend in the rainfall behaviour in recent times. The cumulative contribution of rainfall of July and August was 61 to 70% in monsoon season rainfall at different locations. Monthly mean rainfall ranged between 43.6 and 134.1 mm (June), 81.2 and 340.2 mm (July), 68.8 and 331.2 mm (August) and 54.5 and 175.4 mm (September) at different locations. The cumulative frequency of below normal rainfall during EI Niño episodes was observed maximum at Hisar (83.2%) and most normal rainfall was observed at each Bhiwani (50.0%), Sonipat (50.0%) as well as Ambala (50.0%). The cumulative frequency of above normal rainfall during La Niña episodes was observed maximum at each Sirsa (50%), Hisar (50%), Bhiwani (50.0%) and Narnaul (50.0%), whereas the frequency of above normal rainfall was observed minimum at Ambala (16.6%). During the strongest El Niño year of 2015, most of the locations in the state received deficient monsoon rainfall, whereas, during the strongest La Niña episode of 1988, most of the locations received excess to large excess monsoon rainfall, which is indicative of the influence of strongest El Niño and La Niña on the regional behaviour of monsoon rainfall. The strength of the association between ENSO and monsoon rainfall was found significant for Sirsa, Hisar, Narnaul, Rewari, Karnal, overall western agro-climatic zone of Haryana, as well as all India. But, the strength of the association between monsoon rainfall pattern and NAO was insignificant for all the locations. Monsoon rainfall at all stations showed a negative but significant correlation with Sea Surface Temperature of Nino 3.4 region of the Pacific Ocean. All the regional stations along with both agro-climatic zones, Haryana as well as subdivision showed positive and significant correlation with Southern Oscillation Index, whereas no significant correlation was observed between monsoon rainfall and North Atlantic Oscillation. The influence of monsoon rainfall on bajra productivity for the different districts lying in western Haryana as explained by coefficient of determination (R2) ranges from 7.02 % to 9.6 %, whereas monsoon rainfall influenced bajra productivity of overall Haryana by 8.18 % only. Similarly, the influence of monsoon rainfall on rice productivity for the different districts lying in eastern Haryana ranges from 21.8 % to 48.2 %, whereas monsoon rainfall influenced Rice productivity of overall Haryana by 24.3 % only.ThesisItem Open Access Spatio-temporal Progression of Yellow Wheat Rust in relation to Weather in NW India(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Madho Singh; Niwas, RamField experiment entitled “Spatio-temporal progression of yellow wheat rust in relation to weather in NW India” was conducted during rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016- 17 at different locations of NW India, at HAU, Hisar. The first appearance of yellow rust on 9th Jan. (2nd SMW) in Yamuna Nagar during 2015-16 and during 2016-17 the yellow rust was observed on 29th Dec. (52 SMW) in Gurdaspur station.. Disease severity was higher (70%) during rabi 2015-16 as compared to 2016-17 (60%). The maximum temperature, minimum temperature and Vapour pressure deficit were positive significant correlated whereas morning and evening relative humidity were negatively correlated with disease severity of yellow rust and rainfall had non significant correlation with disease severity. The variability in disease severity can be explained from 72 to 96 percent by minimum temperature and maximum relative humidity. The spectral indices viz., NDVI, VI, NRI and NPCI were negatively correlated with disease severity and DWSI and PSRI were positively correlated with disease severity of yellow rust at all the locations.The best fit model based on spectral indices explained the variability in disease severity of yellow rust up to 98 percent by NDVI and DWSI at Jammu, 74 percent at Gurdaspur, 94 percent at Yamuna Nagar, 95 percent at Dhaula Kuan, 97 percent at Ambala, and 92 percent at Karnal, and 99 percent at Hisar, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Simulation of potato cultivars response to planting dates in a sub-tropical environment using SUBSTOR-Potato model(CCSHAU, 2019) Yogesh Kumar; Raj SinghField experiment entitled “Simulation of potato cultivars response to planting dates in a sub-tropical environment using SUBSTOR-Potato model” was conducted during Rabi season (2016- 17 and 2017-18) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (Lat. - 29° 10 N, Long. - 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 amsl). The experiment was comprised of four planting dates main plot treatments namely (D1) -8th October, (D2) - 22th October, (D3) – 5th November (D4) – 15th November; sub plot treatments comprising three different cultivars viz. (V1)- Kufri Bahar, (V2)- Kufri Pushkar and (V3)- Kufri Surya. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with four replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. AGDD, AHTU, APTU, RUE and TUE accumulation was significantly higher under second planting dates at various phenophases in comparison to the other planting dates. Among varying planting dates for evaluation of effect of planting time on growth, development and yield parameters of potato, second planting date (D2- 22th October) resulted in better overall growth and produced higher tuber and haulm yield as compared to first planting dates (D1), third (D3) and fourth planting dates (D4) in both the crop seasons. While, among varieties, Kufri Pushkar produced highest tuber yield with better yield attributes as compared to Kufri Bahar and Kufri Surya, in both the crop seasons. In respect of phenological observations, agrometeorological indices and growth parameters shows better in 22th October sown crop with variety Kufri Pushkar, among different planting dates and varieties. The micrometeorological parameters were performed better in 22th October sown crop under different planting dates. Temperature profiles were inverse throughout the day with in the crop canopy. Over the top of the crop canopy the temperature profiles was lapse. The relative humidity profiles were lapse inside the crop canopy throughout the day except at 9:00 AM hours, iso-humic at different phenophases during both crop seasons. SUBSTOR-Potato model was calibrated for the 2016-17 and derived their genetic coefficients and further outputs were validated for second season 2017-18. The results revealed that comparison of observed and simulated days to tuber initiation and physiological maturity were in good agreement in Sub-tropical environment. The simulated tuber yield under D1 and D3 planting, model simulation under estimated and the rest of planting dates it showed over estimation results. Simulation performance of the model was found satisfactory and over estimated by the model with reasonable agreement (±10 %). The model has proved to a suitable tool for optimization in potato management, prediction of phenology and estimates potential yield.ThesisItem Open Access Simulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield under different environments(CCSHAU, 2018) Nayak, Mukesh Kumar; Raj SinghField experiment entitled “Simulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield under different environments” was conducted during Rabi season (2014-15 and 2015-16) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10¢ N, 75° 46¢ E and altitude 215.2 m). The experiment was comprised of four sowing dates main plot treatments namely D1 (5th November), D2 (20th November), D3 (5th December) and D4 (20th December); four irrigation levels sub plot treatments comprising. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. GDD, HTU, PTU and PTI accumulation was significantly higher under D4 (20th December) sowing date at all the phenophases in comparison to the other dates of sowing. The requirement of heat units were more in higher level of irrigation application. Highest PAR and RUE values obtained in D1 (5th Nov.) date of sowing with I4 irrigation as compared to other treatments. The maximum RUE was obtained under D1 (5th Nov.) sown crop with more irrigation level (I4). The highest plant height, dry matter accumulation and LAI was recorded under D1 and I4 irrigation level with maximum CCI at anthesis stage. The yield and yield attributes viz. no. of tillers per clum, length of spike, no. of grains per spike, no. of spikelets per spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield significantly higher under early sowing (D1) with I4 irrigation level. Weather variables showed a positive and negative correlation with yield and yield attributes. Simulation performance of model showed an overestimation with days to anthesis, leaf stem weight at anthesis, physiological maturity while grain yield, straw yield and harvest index showed a over-underestimation of results. Sensitivity of CERES- wheat model showed a gradual decrease in grain yield if there were gradual incremental units like maximum temperature, minimum temperature, solar radiation and CO2 level to normal values.ThesisItem Open Access Modelling growth and yield in wheat under different management practices using remote sensing technique(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Pal, Som; Bishnoi, O. PThesisItem Open Access Relan, P.S. Application of Geostatistics to Spatial Studies of Pedological Parameters of Haryana Soils(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1999) Anil, Kumar; Kuhad, M. S
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