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Open Access
Economic analysis of feeding practices of dairy animals in Haryana
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2005) Dalip Kumar; Tomer, B. S.
Open Access
Perspective of basmati rice cultivation in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2005) Amirtharaj, S; Chauhan, R.S.
The present study was undertaken to study the trend in area and production of basmati rice in Haryana, to work out the comparative economics of basmati & non-basmati rice and constraints in production and export of basmati rice. Two districts namely; Karnal and Kurukshetra which are having higher area under rice production were purposively selected. Two blocks namely; Taraori and Thanesar from Karnal and Kurukshetra respectively were randomly selected. Four villages namely; Janzeri & Shamgarh from Taraori; Jyothisar & Kirmath from Kurukshetra were randomly selected. 50 farmers from each block who cultivating all the three varieties namely; basmati, superfine non-basmati and coarse & medium grain varieties were included in the sample. Thus making a total sample of 100 respondents. Primary as well as secondary data was collected to achieve the objectives of the study. Primary data was collected with the help of a pretested interview schedule which included various aspects of cost of cultivation of basmati, superfine non-basmati and coarse & medium grain rice varieties and constraints in production of basmati rice. The primary data from exporters and millers were also collected to know the constraints in export of basmati rice. Secondary data to find the trend in area and production of basmati rice was collected from Directorate of Agriculture, Panchkula. Compound growth model was used to calculate the trend in area and production of basmati. Tabulation was used to work out the comparative economics of basmati, superfine non-basmati and coarse & medium grain paddy varieties. The result reveals that the trend in area and production of basmati rice was slowly increasing over the period of thirteen years at the compound growth rate of 5.64% and 6.67% per annum respectively. But the observed values of area and production of basmati rice were highly uncertain during the same periods. The comparative economics of basmati, superfine non-basmati and coarse & medium grain paddy reveals that basmati was most profitable variety than other varieties. The basmati having net return of Rs 3686 per hectare followed by Rs. 2867 and Rs. 2354 from coarse & medium grain and superfine non-basmati paddy respectively. The same pattern of return was observed in return over variable cost. Interview with farmers, exporters and millers reveals that market price fluctuations, low yield, lodging etc. were the major constraints faced by farmers. High international price fluctuations, processing cost, transport expenses, lack of value added products etc. were the major constraints faced by the exporters.
Open Access
Dynamics of agricultural production in dry land area of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2005) Yadav, Pawan; Mehta, V.P.
The study is based on primary and secondary data. The secondary data for the period 1981-82 to 2001-02 was collected for Mohindergarh, dry land region and Haryana State. The study examines the coefficient of variability and instability in area, production and productivity of principal crops in Haryana state for six periods i.e. 1981-82 to 1984-85, 1985-86 to 19888-89, 1989-90 to 1992-93, 1993-94 to 1996-97, 1997-98 to 2001-02 and 1981-82 to 2001-02. These periods have been further divided as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and overall period, respectively. The study shows that the production variability was lower in wheat (27.36 per cent), cotton (American – 31.49 per cent) and bajra (36.94 per cent) and these crops and crop groups were found more stable. Whereas, the variability of production was higher in gram (49.44 per cent), rapeseed and mustard (48.71 per cent) and cotton (desi – 47.66 per cent) in the state. Further, the magnitude of instability was lower in yield than in production and affects the importance of area variability in production variability. The result of the multiple regression equation reveals that maximum contribution in agricultural production in Mohindergarh has been that of price index, followed by gross irrigated area and cooperative credit. In dry land region of Haryana, maximum contribution in agricultural production has been that of average rainfall and number of tractors. In Haryana, the maximum contribution has been that of fertilizer consumption and gross irrigated area. The technological break through and other infrastructural changes have also contributed significantly to the production index. The primary data pertaining to constraints in agricultural production were collected by personal interview with the selected respondents. The results found that farmers avoid the use of costly in bajra crop and there exists substantial attainable yield gaps affected by the difference in the yield obtained by progressive top 20 per cent in most of the crops. Lack of adoption of improved production technology and management practices. There is a great need to educate the farmers pertaining to balanced fertilization. The adequate use of phosphorus, potash and zinc needs to be popularized among the masses of the farmers. Also, there is need to evolve HYVs of the crops which are also resistant to common diseases and insects pests.
Open Access
Economic analysis of organically produced basmati paddy in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2005) Manjunath Chikkamath; Rathee, Anil Kumar
In the present scenario of globalization quality of the product is one of the most important pre-requisite in the international market. The quality of the farm products can be improved through the adoption of organic farm practices. Contract farming alongwith organic farming plays a dominant role in reducing farmers marketing risk. India is one of the major producers of rice in the world. It contributes about 20 per cent of world’s export of rice in which basmati rice is a major contributor. With increasing trend towards globalization, it has become imperative to improve the quality of basmati rice to compete and harvest rich benefits in the international market. Recently cultivation of organi basmati paddy is gaining popularity in Haryana. Keeping this in view and marketing of organically produced basmati paddy, the present study was undertaken in Haryana with following specific objectives: i) To study the comparative economics of organically and non-organically produced basmati paddy. ii) To workout marketing cost, margin and price spread through different marketing channels. iii) To examine the constraints and prospects of organically produced basmati paddy. For collection of primary data, 120 farmers were selected from Sonepat and Kaithal districts practicing both organic and inorganic cultivation of basmati paddy. The organic farmers were further sub-divided into two categories i.e. one selling their produce in open market and another through contract to the processor. The collected data for the crop year 2003-04 were analyzed by simple tabular analytical method. The study revealed that i) The per acre net returns were more in non-organic basmati paddy but gross returns were more in case of organic basmati paddy. ii) The total cost involved in the cultivation of organic basmati was more compared to non-organic basmati paddy. iii) The cost involved in irrigation was less in case of organic basmati paddy due to better retention of moisture by the organic manures. iv) The price received by the farmer’s in case of organic basmati paddy was more than price received by the farmers in case of inorganic basmati paddy. v) The producers share in processors rupee was more in Channel-I i.e. in contract farming. vi) Organic basmati produce marketing was more efficient than inorganic basmati produce marketing. vii) Open market sale was less efficient than contract market sale. viii) Low yield of basmati paddy, higher cost of production and higher weed infestation were major constraints in organic basmati production. ix) Price fluctuation and delay in auction of produce were the major marketing constraints in marketing of organically produced basmati paddy. x) Contract farming helps the farmer in reducing marketing risk and increasing income. xi) Some incentives alongwith setting of certification agencies were suggested for popularization of organic produce in the country.
Open Access
Role of Hisar-Sirsa kshetriya gramin bank in rural financing
(CCSHAU, 2005) Bisht, Jagvinder Singh; Dalvir Singh
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy as it is providing livelihood to a majority of population and it is also a major contributor to the gross domestic product of our country. The population of our country is increasing so there is a need to increase the production as well. In this the role of credit is very crucial. Earlier most of the credit was disbursed to the large & well to do farmers due to their social and political influence. Thus, the role of institutional credit is quite important more particularly for the rural poor. The Hisar-Sirsa Kshetriya Gramin Bank was selected for the study because of its considerable progress in rural financing. The present study was planned with the following objectives: (i) To study the performance in terms of deposits mobilization, loan advances, recovered and overdues. (ii) To examine the borrowing pattern and extent of loan diversion. (iii) To assess the gap between the potential demand and existing credit supply. To accomplish the objectives, one branch from each district was selected, out of 50 branches of the bank, 3 branches were selected namely, Mirzapur, Dariyapur and Khariyan in Hisar, Fatehabad and Sirsa, respectively. The data were collected regarding 3 categories of borrowers namely; farmers, non-farmers and members of Self Help Groups. From each branch, 60 respondents were selected including 20 farmers, 20 non-farmers and 20 members of Self Help Groups. In all, data were collected from 180 respondents from three branches of the bank. The members of Self Help Groups who borrowed money from bank were categorized into cultivators and non-cultivators (landless, rural artisans and retail traders). The members of Self Help Groups who borrowed money from the bank received 64% of the money demanded and diverted 11.2% of the funds. The non-farmers were divided into landless, rural artisans and retail traders. The non-farmer borrowers received 71% of the amount demanded and diverted 9% of the amount advanced. The farmers were categorized into small i.e. upto 2.5 ha, medium between 2.5 and 3.5 ha, and large farmers above 3.5 ha, received 77% of the amount demanded and diverted 9.7% of the amount advanced. Of the total advances made to the farmers, non-farmers and Self Help Groups, 63% was advanced to the farmers, 21% to non-farmers and 16% to Self Help Groups. So it is clear from the study that there is a need to advance more credit to the non-farmers and the members of self help groups.
Open Access
An Economic analysis of production and marketing of vegetable crops in Hisar district of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2006) Mahender Singh; S.P. Singh
India is second largest producer of vegtable in the world, next to the China with estimated area of 38.71 lakh heatares India shares 12 per cent of the total world production. The study on an economic analysis of production and marketing of vegetable crops in Hisar district of Haryana was under taken with following specifc objectives. (i) To estimate the cost and returns of major vegetable crops. (ii) To study the marketing cost, margin and efficiency. (iii) To identify the production and marketing problems of vegetbale growers. The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana, which was selected purposively on basis of second largest producer of vegetable crops after Sonipat except potato. Further Hansi block was selected having maximum area in Hisar district and good market facilities. Finally 60 vegetables growers were randomly selected from the three villages. The study revealed that per hectare cost of cultivation was Rs. 41,773.19, Rs. 39368.44, Rs. 31234.40 and Rs. 32278.49 in cauliflower, brinjial, okra and carrot respectively. In all the vegetables, human labour followed by expenses on rental value of land, fertilizers and mannures and plant protection were the main cost items. Per hectare net return in vegetables were Rs. 20229.81, Rs. 13608.97, Rs. 16854.60 and Rs. 8033.51 in cauliflower, brinjal, okra and carrot, respectively. Keeping in view the price of product and production costs, growing of cauliflower was found most profitiable to farmers, followed by okra, brinjal and carrot. While comparing the results for different channels, it indicated that the producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was observed more in channel-III i.e. (producer-consumer) as compared to other channels i.e channel-I (Producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer) and Channel-II (Producer-retiler-conumer). Marketing efficiency showed that Channel-III was most efficient marketing channel. The major problems faced by growers in production of vegetbales were reported as quality seed, insect pest and disease, lack of institutional credit, shortage of irrigation, scarcity of labour, lack of remunerative price, price fluctuation and pricing not according to quality.
Open Access
Prospects and problems of medicinal and aromatic plants in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2006) Puran Mal; Grover, R.K.
Scant information is available on area, production, marketing and other related aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants at national as well as states’ level. Keeping in view the above facts and importance of medicinal & aromatic plants in the state, the present study was undertaken with these specific objectives (i) To study the present status of major medicinal and aromatic plants in the state, (ii) to identify economic and other factors inhibiting the growth of medicinal and aromatic plants, (iii) to suggest measures to accelerate the growth of medicinal and aromatic plants. The present study pertains to Haryana state and is based on primary as well as secondary data. In total 51 villages from seven districts were selected for primary data collection. The secondary data were collected from the Directorate of Horticulture, Panchkula (Haryana). Cobb-Douglas production function was fitted to evaluate the resource use efficiency. Co-efficient of variation of yield and prices were also calculated. The triennium average ending 2004-05 of area and production of allMAPs was calculated to be 2275.39 hectares and 15672.16 quintals, respectively. Among the variable cost components, the planting material/seed accounted for the highest cost in all MAPs except Ashwagandha. The highest cost (Rs. 182152.30) was found in case of Safed musli followed by Shatavar (Rs. 55543.98) while it was minimum in case of Sonamukhi (Rs. 10859.2). All the MAPs except Sonamukhi were the profitable ventures. Shatavar was found the most profitable among all the selected MAPs. The major production related problems faced by the respondents were lack of technical knowledge, non-availability of quality planting material, non-availability of subsidies, non-availability of credit, timely non-availability of machinery, shortage of skilled labour and lack of irrigation facilities in order of priority. Major marketing problems faced by the respondent growers were lack of organization, lower prices, lack of market intelligence, lack of fair prices, lack of competition among buyers, lack of processing facilities and ignorance about quality in order of priority. Data based projections on production and prices of MAPs will develop confidence of the farmers in these crops. Analysis of response of intending farmers indicates that the prospects of Safed Musli, Ashwagandha and Shatavar seem to be relatively better among major medicinal and aromatic plants grown in the state.
Open Access
An Economic analysis of garlic production and marketing in Karnal District of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2007) Karambir Singh; Arjun Singh
The study was undertaken in Karnal district of Haryana with the objectives (i) To work out the costs and returns of garlic production (ii) To calculate the marketing costs and margins (iii) To study the fluctuations in the prices of garlic. The total cost of cultivation of garlic was found rupees 39,891 per acre. The returns over variable cost were rupees 36942. The net returns after deducing all costs were observed rupees 22,656. The cost of production per quintal was calculated as Rs. 1,099.5. It was quite a remunerative crop. The producer’s share was revealed 68.41 percent of total consumer’s price. Quite a lot went to intermediaries as margins of rupees 495 (19.64 per cent) excluding costs. The seasonal indices of price and arrivals were calculated using 12 months moving average method. The highest price received was in October whereas lowest price indices was seen in January. The increasing trends in prices and arrivals were observed over 15 year period from 1991 to 2005 year. Exponential function was preferred over linear function for better fit. The garlic crop being remunerative needed promotion by all means.
Open Access
An economic analysis of production and technical efficiency of cotton crop in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2006) Yadav, Vikas; Goyal, S.K.
The present study was undertaken in Hisar and Sirsa districts of Haryana state with the following specific objectives: i) To study the economics of cotton production in Haryana, ii) to work out technical efficiency in cotton production and iii) to identify the factors for variation in technical efficiency in production among different cotton growers. The study is based on primary data collected for the year 2003-04. Multistage random sampling technique has been adopted to select the respondents. The required data were collected from 160 cotton growing farmers from eight randomly selected villages of both the districts. For achieving the objectives of the study besides simple tabular analysis, averages and percentages, stochastic frontier production function approach has been used. The study revealed that almost similar cropping pattern was witnessed on all the categories of farmers in both the districts. The average yield of crops like wheat, barley, cotton, rapeseed and mustard and bajra was relatively higher in case of small farmers followed by medium and large farmers. The study further revealed that the per acre gross returns worked out was highest i.e. Rs. 14531 on small farms followed by medium farms (Rs. 14246) and large farms (Rs. 14106). The net return also showed the same pattern. The benefit cost ratio was greater than one on all the categories of farms which indicates that the investment in cotton cultivation is economically viable. The most important cost component was the rental value of land followed by plant protection expenditure, irrigation expenditure, picking, fertilizer, seed, FYM and preparatory tillage etc. Among the variables considered for estimating stochastic frontier production function, plant protection expenditure was found to have the most dominant impact on the yield of cotton. The variance parameter clearly shows that the observed output of cotton in the study area is less than the potential output due to technical inefficiency. The average level of technical efficiency was estimated to be 0.84 which implies that, on an average the sample farmers in the study area produced cotton upto 84 per cent of the potential frontier production level. The production of the average farmer could be increased by 16 per cent by adopting the technology followed by best practice farmer. The level of technical efficiency increases with the increase in education level, contact of farmers with extension scientists/agency (s) and percentage of irrigated area to total area. The level of technical efficiency decreases with the increase in age and number of working members in the family.

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