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Subject: Agricultural Economics × End date: 2006 × Start date: 2006 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An Economic analysis of production and marketing of vegetable crops in Hisar district of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Mahender Singh; S.P. Singh
    India is second largest producer of vegtable in the world, next to the China with estimated area of 38.71 lakh heatares India shares 12 per cent of the total world production. The study on an economic analysis of production and marketing of vegetable crops in Hisar district of Haryana was under taken with following specifc objectives. (i) To estimate the cost and returns of major vegetable crops. (ii) To study the marketing cost, margin and efficiency. (iii) To identify the production and marketing problems of vegetbale growers. The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana, which was selected purposively on basis of second largest producer of vegetable crops after Sonipat except potato. Further Hansi block was selected having maximum area in Hisar district and good market facilities. Finally 60 vegetables growers were randomly selected from the three villages. The study revealed that per hectare cost of cultivation was Rs. 41,773.19, Rs. 39368.44, Rs. 31234.40 and Rs. 32278.49 in cauliflower, brinjial, okra and carrot respectively. In all the vegetables, human labour followed by expenses on rental value of land, fertilizers and mannures and plant protection were the main cost items. Per hectare net return in vegetables were Rs. 20229.81, Rs. 13608.97, Rs. 16854.60 and Rs. 8033.51 in cauliflower, brinjal, okra and carrot, respectively. Keeping in view the price of product and production costs, growing of cauliflower was found most profitiable to farmers, followed by okra, brinjal and carrot. While comparing the results for different channels, it indicated that the producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was observed more in channel-III i.e. (producer-consumer) as compared to other channels i.e channel-I (Producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer) and Channel-II (Producer-retiler-conumer). Marketing efficiency showed that Channel-III was most efficient marketing channel. The major problems faced by growers in production of vegetbales were reported as quality seed, insect pest and disease, lack of institutional credit, shortage of irrigation, scarcity of labour, lack of remunerative price, price fluctuation and pricing not according to quality.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prospects and problems of medicinal and aromatic plants in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Puran Mal; Grover, R.K.
    Scant information is available on area, production, marketing and other related aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants at national as well as states’ level. Keeping in view the above facts and importance of medicinal & aromatic plants in the state, the present study was undertaken with these specific objectives (i) To study the present status of major medicinal and aromatic plants in the state, (ii) to identify economic and other factors inhibiting the growth of medicinal and aromatic plants, (iii) to suggest measures to accelerate the growth of medicinal and aromatic plants. The present study pertains to Haryana state and is based on primary as well as secondary data. In total 51 villages from seven districts were selected for primary data collection. The secondary data were collected from the Directorate of Horticulture, Panchkula (Haryana). Cobb-Douglas production function was fitted to evaluate the resource use efficiency. Co-efficient of variation of yield and prices were also calculated. The triennium average ending 2004-05 of area and production of allMAPs was calculated to be 2275.39 hectares and 15672.16 quintals, respectively. Among the variable cost components, the planting material/seed accounted for the highest cost in all MAPs except Ashwagandha. The highest cost (Rs. 182152.30) was found in case of Safed musli followed by Shatavar (Rs. 55543.98) while it was minimum in case of Sonamukhi (Rs. 10859.2). All the MAPs except Sonamukhi were the profitable ventures. Shatavar was found the most profitable among all the selected MAPs. The major production related problems faced by the respondents were lack of technical knowledge, non-availability of quality planting material, non-availability of subsidies, non-availability of credit, timely non-availability of machinery, shortage of skilled labour and lack of irrigation facilities in order of priority. Major marketing problems faced by the respondent growers were lack of organization, lower prices, lack of market intelligence, lack of fair prices, lack of competition among buyers, lack of processing facilities and ignorance about quality in order of priority. Data based projections on production and prices of MAPs will develop confidence of the farmers in these crops. Analysis of response of intending farmers indicates that the prospects of Safed Musli, Ashwagandha and Shatavar seem to be relatively better among major medicinal and aromatic plants grown in the state.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An economic analysis of production and technical efficiency of cotton crop in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Yadav, Vikas; Goyal, S.K.
    The present study was undertaken in Hisar and Sirsa districts of Haryana state with the following specific objectives: i) To study the economics of cotton production in Haryana, ii) to work out technical efficiency in cotton production and iii) to identify the factors for variation in technical efficiency in production among different cotton growers. The study is based on primary data collected for the year 2003-04. Multistage random sampling technique has been adopted to select the respondents. The required data were collected from 160 cotton growing farmers from eight randomly selected villages of both the districts. For achieving the objectives of the study besides simple tabular analysis, averages and percentages, stochastic frontier production function approach has been used. The study revealed that almost similar cropping pattern was witnessed on all the categories of farmers in both the districts. The average yield of crops like wheat, barley, cotton, rapeseed and mustard and bajra was relatively higher in case of small farmers followed by medium and large farmers. The study further revealed that the per acre gross returns worked out was highest i.e. Rs. 14531 on small farms followed by medium farms (Rs. 14246) and large farms (Rs. 14106). The net return also showed the same pattern. The benefit cost ratio was greater than one on all the categories of farms which indicates that the investment in cotton cultivation is economically viable. The most important cost component was the rental value of land followed by plant protection expenditure, irrigation expenditure, picking, fertilizer, seed, FYM and preparatory tillage etc. Among the variables considered for estimating stochastic frontier production function, plant protection expenditure was found to have the most dominant impact on the yield of cotton. The variance parameter clearly shows that the observed output of cotton in the study area is less than the potential output due to technical inefficiency. The average level of technical efficiency was estimated to be 0.84 which implies that, on an average the sample farmers in the study area produced cotton upto 84 per cent of the potential frontier production level. The production of the average farmer could be increased by 16 per cent by adopting the technology followed by best practice farmer. The level of technical efficiency increases with the increase in education level, contact of farmers with extension scientists/agency (s) and percentage of irrigated area to total area. The level of technical efficiency decreases with the increase in age and number of working members in the family.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Land use pattern and its implication in Haryana agriculture
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Dharshan Singh; Sharma, U.K.
    A survey was conducted to study the land use pattern and its implication in Haryana agriculture because the land utilization is usually demand driven and an adjustment/allocation of the finite land resource under agricultural and non agricultural sector. The present results on land use pattern is necessary to develop future research strategies on land use planning and land use policies because the scarcity of land indicates the problem of choice of land and its uses. The land use pattern in Haryana is ultimately determined by a host of factors like human inhabitation, socio-economics, political, technical and institutional changes. Rational management of land resource play a crucial role in developing the Haryana economy. This study analyzedthe temporal changes in land use categories during the last 38 years. It was noticed that considerable shifts in area have occurred among different land use classes in the state during the independence period on account of several factors such as rising population needs for food and other agricultural commodities, expansion of urban housing and the Government programme for reclamation of barren and waste lands. These shifts in land use have tremendous implications towards future agricultural and industrial growth, urban expansion and the ecological balance in different parts of the state. While some land use shifts might have occurred in the desirable direction, some others are likely to have occurred in the undesirable direction. In general, land use shifts are occurring from describe Ecological & undesirable ecological section to either agriculture & non agriculture section. Moreover in case of Zone-II comparing districts of Gurgaon & Faridabad, more area shifts from agriculture sector to non agriculture section which is a negative point for Agriculture growth in the state. It needs rational planning for future in the state.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economic analysis of rape-seed and mustard in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Mohinder Singh; Luhach, V.P.
    Oil seed crops occupy an important place in the farming system of India. These are highly paying crops of the dry regions. Oils and fats are the important constituent of human diet and are important source of energy. The present study was conducted with the following objectives: (i) To study the marketing pattern of rapeseed and mustard. (ii).To estimate the economics of rapeseed and mustard processing. (iii) To identify the constraints in marketing and processing of rapeseed and mustard. For this study the four markets namely Bhwani, Charkhidadri, Mahendergarh and Narnaul were selected purposely. Two villages were selected randomly from each selected market. From each selected village 30 farmers were selected randomly, therefore, a total of 240 farmers were selected. Gross returns and net returns were found higher on small farms as compared to medium and large farms in both the selected districts Two major VIIImarketing channels observed under the study were (a). Channel-I: Producer–Commission agent–Oil-expeller/oil-miller–Retailer–Consumer. (b). Channel-II: Producer–Commission agent–Wholesaler–Oil-expeller/Oil-miller–Retailer–Consumer. Among both the channel-I is most prevalent route through which majority of the farmers sell more than 3/4th of their quantity sold in different market of study area. It was found that share of producers in consumer’s rupee under channel-I was almost same in all the four markets. Retailer’s share in consumer’s rupee was highest which ranged from 5.09 per cent to 5.60 per cent followed by oil-miller (3.3 to 3.59%), oil-expeller (2.46 to 3.0%) and commission agent (1.78%). In case of channel-II the retailer’s share in consumer’s rupee was maximum (5.14 to 5.74%) followed by oil-miller (3.40 to 4.01%), oil-expeller (2.07 to 2.84%), commission agent (1.75%) and wholesaler (1.27 to 1.47%) in all the four markets. In case of channel-I cost of oil expeller was maximum ranging between Rs. 164 to Rs. 176 and minimum was of retailer as Rs. 5.25. in case of channel-II. While the cost of wholesaler was maximum ranging between Rs. 86.65 to Rs. 88.81 and minimum was of retailer Rs. 5.25. The cost and returns of processing of rapeseed and mustard were also studied, and it was observed that total cost per quintal of mustard was Rs.1806.48 whereas total fixed cost was Rs. 15.29, the value of oil and oil-cake was Rs.1452.82 and Rs.414.16 per quintal of mustard, respectively. Hence the net return was Rs.60.49 in case of oil-mills. In case of oil-expeller the total fixed cost per quintal of mustard was Rs.18.85 whereas the total variable cost and total cost were Rs.1824.19 and Rs.1843.04, respectively. The value of oil extracted per quintal of mustard was Rs.1438.29 and for oil cake it was Rs.449.23 hence net return was Rs.44.8 per quintal. Comparatively low cost and higher return were found in oil-mills than the oil-expellers, which indicated that, the cost of processing per quintal of mustard and plant size were inversely related. The higher rate of taxation, market fees, power supply and availability of raw material are the major constraints involved in processing. The major problems regarding the marketing of rapeseed and mustard were price variation, middlemen involved at different stages of marketing, lack of storage/warehousing facilities, lack of grading and standardization facilities and auction problem.