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Theses

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2016 - 20198
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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × End date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CANINE PYODERMA : DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) MARAK, SABETINI S.; Changkija, Bendangla
    The present study entitled “Canine pyoderma: Diagnosis and therapeutic management” was undertaken w.e.f. 1st August 2018 to 31st May 2019 with the objective to study the prevalence, identification of causative organism, hemato-biochemical alteration and to assess therapeutic efficacy in canine pyoderma. The overall prevalence of pyoderma in dogs was 14.59% with higher occurrence in Labrador breed (40%) with males (63.75%) being predominantly affected and in age group below 1 year (33.75%). Clinical signs associated with canine pyoderma were pruritis, pustules, alopecia, papule, scale and crust, patches, erythema, moth eaten appearance, dry coat, epidermal collaret, hyperpigmentation, abscess, lichnefication, edema, erosion and fissure. The causative organisms isolated from canine pyoderma were Staphylococcus species (100%) of which highest was Staphylococcus intermedius (43.75%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.75%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (12.5%), Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus (5%), Staphylococcus intermedius with Pseudomonas species (6.25%) and Staphylococcus intermedius with Klebsiella species (11.25%), Staphylococcus aureus with Pseudomonas species (5%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species and Pseudomonas species (2.5%). The antibiotic sensitivity test for Staphylococcus intermedius isolates revealed highest sensitivity to linezolid (100%); Staphylococcus aureus to cephalexin and linezolid (94.73%); Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species to cephalexin and linezolid (100%); however gram negative organisms like Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella species revealed highest sensitivity to enrofloxacin (100%) but complete resistant to cephalexin and linezolid. Hematobiochemistry revealed anaemia (Low Hb and TEC), leukocytosis, neutrophilia, reduction in serum albumin, A:G ratio and zinc when compared with apparently healthy dogs. Dogs treated with cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone and tazobactum and linezolide showed faster recovery in clinical symptoms weekly than that of cephalexin and enrofloxacin but complete remission of clinical signs in all the animals was observed only in cephalexin treated group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D FOR THE PREVENTION OF PERIPARTURIENT HYPOCALCAEMIA IN DAIRY COWS
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) PATEL, NISHA MANISH; Baishya, B. C.
    The present study entitled “Management of hypovitaminosis-D for the prevention of peri-parturient hypocalcaemia in dairy cows” was undertaken w.e.f. 1st September, 2018 to 31st March, 2019. The objectives of the study were to know the status of vitamin-D and calcium in crossbred dairy cows reared under intensive system, along with alterations of serum levels of related minerals and biochemical parameters associated with peri-partum hypocalcaemia and to assess the efficacy of parentrally administered synthetic analogue of vitamin-D for the prevention of peri-parturient hypocalcaemia. From the study, the prevalence of pre-partum hypocalcaemia in crossbred dairy cows was recorded as 33.33%, with a higher occurrence (34.48%) in Jersey crossbred cows compared to HF crossbred cows (32.55%) and a predominance in cows of 6-8 years age (40.90%). However, there were statistically no significant differences in prevalence between the two breeds and among the different age groups. The only observed clinical signs associated with the recorded hypocalcaemia were lowered appetite and a rough body coat. Biochemical studies revealed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the levels of serum total vitamin-D (cholecalciferol), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, which reduced significantly (P<0.01) after treatment to the levels of the control group towards at the end of the study. A significant increase (P<0.01) was recorded in the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus after treatment however, no abnormal variation was recorded in the levels of serum magnesium throughout the study. Use of synthetic (α) analogue of vitamin-D (cholecalciferol) was found to be effective in increasing the serum calcium level and thereby preventing the occurrence of peri-parturient hypocalcaemia in crossbred dairy cows.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE OF EYE DISEASES IN DOG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BACTERIAL INFECTION
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) DAS, DIBYAJYOTI; Phukan, A.
    Ocular disease is a common problem in dogs, occurs mostly due to bacterial infection, trauma, injury, viral infection, allergic condition, vitamin deficiency, old age and hereditary. In the study period 9138 numbers of dogs were screened and ocular disease was recorded in 71 numbers of dog. The prevalence of ocular diseases in dog was recorded 0.78%. On the basis of clinical categorization, the highest prevalence of ocular disease was recorded as conjunctivitis (49.29%) and lowest in corneal opacity (7.05%). In the present study, the highest affection of eye was recorded in both eye (45.07%) and highest clinical findings recorded in congested mucous membrane (84.50%. The season wise prevalence of ocular disease in dogs was highest in winter (45.07%) and lowest in pre-monsoon (8.45%) season. In present study sex wise prevalence of ocular diseases were more in male (64.78%) than female (35.22%).Age - wise prevalence was highest in the>3 years – 6 years (29.58%) age group and lowest in below 1 year (4.22%) age group and breed wise prevalence the highest was recorded in German Shepherd (19.72%) and lowest in Boxer (2.82%). The most common species of bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus (22.39%), Streptococcus (19.40%) and Pseudomonas (8.95%) species. More number of coagulase positive Staphylococcus species were recorded. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species were mostly isolated from conjunctivitis condition and Pseudomonas species were highest isolated from keratitis condition. The sensitivity pattern of the isolates showed highest sensitivity to ciprofloxacin whereas less sensitive to ofloxacin. For therapeutic management of bacterial infection (conjunctivitis and keratitis) of eye, 36 dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group I and Group II. In group I, ciprofloxacin was found effective on 14th day post-treatment in subgroup A and C dogs and in group II, gentamicin was found effective on 14th day post-treatment in subgroup D and F dogs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF Entada phaseoloides AND Erigeron linifolius AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTH OF GOAT
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Gupta, Santosh Kumar; PHUKAN, A.
    The present investigation was carried out with the view to study the anthelmintic activity of Entada phaseoloides and Erigeron linifolius plant extract against gastrointestinal helminth of goat. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats was found to be 82.75 per cent under the prevailing agro-climatic condition of Byrnihut during the period of October to November 2016. The different nematodes recorded in goats were Haemonchus spp. (82.75%), Oesophagostomum spp. (78.16%), Trichostrongylus spp. (70.11%), Strongyloides spp. (62.06%), Bunostomum spp. (48.27%), Trichuris spp. (39.08%) and Cooperia spp. (24.13%). The EPG count in treated groups (plant extracts /drug) decreased gradually with commencement of treatment. In Group A and B treated with crude methanolic extract of Entada phaseoloides and crude ethanolic extract of Erigeron linifolius, EPG became nil on 21st day. In group C treated with combination of both plant extracts, EPG gradually reduced but was not nil on 21st day. While group D treated with fenbendzole, EPG count became nil on 7th day of post treatment. Group E was kept as untreated infected group, where the EPG count gradually increased and Group F, the animals where kept as healthy control. During pre-treatment period, the haemato-biochemical study revealed a significant decrease in the levels of Hb (7.23 ± 0.13), PCV (25.75 ± 0.48), TEC (9.77 ± 0.17), MCV (21.73 ± 0.53), MCH (7.11 ± 0.16), Lymphocytes (42.75 ± 0.50), basophils (0.25 ± 0.04) , total serum protein (5.20 ± 0.18), serum albumin (2.34 ± 0.05), serum globulin (2.84 ± 0.19), A:G, serum sodium (127.37 ± 1.51) ,serum chloride (90.93 ± 1.00), serum potassium (3.18 ± 0.28), serum glucose (43.89 ± 0.80) , serum iron (110.41 ± 2.05) and serum zinc level (51.72 ± 1.35) in the affected goats which increased gradually after treatment whereas an increase in the levels of TLC (15.75 ± 0.93), eosinophils (3.86 ± 0.14) Monocytes (1.71 ± 0.14), and neutrophils (45.78 ± 1.37) were observed in the affected goats which also decreased gradually after treatment and reached normal level. Based on reduction of EPG count and haemato-biochemical changes, the efficacy of methanolic extract of Entada phaseoloides was 72.52, 89.00 and 100 % followed by ethanolic extract of Erigeron linifolius was 62.76, 86.17 and 100 % while in combination was 53.68, 73.68 and 89.47 % on 7th , 14th and 21st day respectively. Fenbendazole showed highest efficacy 100% on 7th day post treatment. In-vitro studies were undertaken for which adult parasites were collected from local slaughter house. Parasites were exposed to different concentration of plant extract i.e. 50, 150, 300, 1000 and 3000 µg/ml PBS, petri dish containing fenbendazole was kept as positive control while in negative control parasite were exposed to only PBS. Both plants extract either individually or in combination were effective against adult parasite of Paramphistome cervi, Haemonchus contortus and Fasciola gigantica. Further it was revealed that dose dependent anthelminthic activity was exhibited by plant extract and highest efficacy was observed at 3000 µg/ml.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    THEILERIASIS IN CATTLE AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Brahma, Juripriya; Baishya, B. C.
    The study was undertaken w.e.f. 1st March 2016 to 28th February 2017, to study about the theileriasis in cattle and its therapeutic management. A total of 275 out of 563 suspected animals were found positive only for Theileria orientalis infection and the prevalence was recorded 48.84 per cent. Season-wise prevalence of Theileria orientalis was recorded highest in monsoon (53.85%) in comparison to other seasons. The highest prevalence of 60.19 per cent was recorded in the age group of above 3 years. The Holstein Friesian crossbred recorded highest with prevalence of 54.04 per cent. The noted clinical signs were fever, respiratory distress, anorexia, reduced milk yield, nasal discharge, depression, pale mucous membrane, diarrhoea, icterus and changes of urine colour. Though PCR analysis was found more sensitive in detecting the Theileria orientalis infection, the microscopic examination was found as gold standard for diagnosis of clinical theileriasis. The level of haemato-biochemical parameters like haemoglobin, packed cell volume, monocytes, basophils, total erythrocyte count, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were found significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of total leucocyte count, neutrophils, eosinophils, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were found significantly increased (P<0.01). Among the different treatment regimens used, the buparvaquone was found most effective and followed by buparvaquone with immunomodulator, oxytetracycline with diminazine diaceturate, and a combination of oxytetracycline and diminazine diaceturate with immunomodulator. Considering the alteration in pre and post treatment parameters like parasitological examination, haemato-biochemical examination and therapeutic efficacy, either the combination of oxytetracycline and diaminazine diaceturate or oxytetracycline, diaminazine diaceturate with immunomodulator also can be used alternatively for the treatment of oriental theileriasis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN CANINE RENAL DYSFUNCTION AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2017-07) Nakang, Habung; Changkija, Bendangla
    The present study entitled “Haemato-biochemical alterations in canine renal dysfunction and it’s therapeutic management” was undertaken w.e.f. 1st August 2016 to 31st May 2017 with the objective to study the prevalence, clinical signs and haematobiochemical alterations in dogs with renal dysfunction and to assess the efficacy of the therapy adopted in stage III and IV of renal dysfunction in dogs. The study revealed overall prevalence of 25.88% of renal dysfunction with higher occurrence in Labrador breed (38.64%) with male predominance (68.18%) and in age group of 6-10 years (72.73%). Clinical signs associated with renal dysfunction were anorexia weight loss weakness vomiting, emaciation, pale mucous membrane, polyuria, polydipsia inappetance, recumbency, anuria, halitosis, oral ulcers, epistaxis, seizure, congested mucous membrane and cataract/blindness. Haematology revealed anemia and severe protienuria with highly significant elevation in BUN, serum creatinine and phosphorous in dogs with renal dysfunction when compared with apparently healthy control dogs. A non-significant elevation of serum sodium and potassium and fall in total protein and albumin levels were also observed in dogs with renal dysfunction. Combination of rubenal and conservative treatment using supportive drugs, was found to be more effective in the therapeutic management of renal dysfunction in stages III and IV with a survivality rate of 90% when compared to prednisolone with supportive drugs and a combine therapy using both prednisolone and rubenal along with supportive drugs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODOSIS IN CATTLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Strongyles AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2016-12) Rai, Astuti; Kalita, D. N.
    The present study was conducted on prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodosis in cattle with special reference to Strongyles and its therapeutic management in different places of Assam, during the period from May 2015 to April 2016 for a period of one year with the objectives (i) to study prevalence of Gastrointestinal nematodes specially Strongyle infection in cattle, (ii) to study the haemato-biochemical changes in affected cattle and (iii) to find out comparative efficacy of some anthelmintics against Strongyle infection. A total of 1154 faecal samples collected from cattle of different places of Assam, were examined for detection of nematodes eggs, of which 271 cattle resulted positive for nematode eggs and the overall prevalence was recorded as 23.46 per cent. Out of 23.46 per cent, the percent prevalence of different nematodes i.e. Strongyle spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris spp. and Toxocara vitulorum were recorded as 9.27, 1.55, 1.99 and 10.65 per cent respectively. The season-wise prevalence was found to be highest (13.62 %) in monsoon season and lowest (5.47%) in pre-monsoon season. The highest prevalence of 15.23 per cent was recorded in cattle below 1 years and lowest prevalence of 5.35 per cent was recorded in cattle of 3 year above. A significant difference (P<0.05) in the variation in season-wise and age-wise prevalence was revealed The sex-wise prevalence was higher (10.46%) in female cattle than in male (7.73%).The breed-wise prevalence higher (10.59%) in local cattle than cross-bred (7.31%) cattle. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in variation of sex and breed-wise prevalence. Out of the Strongyle positive cattle, 18 cattle, irrespective of breed, age and sex, were selected randomly and divided into 3 groups viz., Grpup I, Group II and Group III, each consisting 6 cattle. Another 6 healthy cattle were kept as healthy control and named as Group IV. In group I, cattle were treated with albendazole at the dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight .orally for single dose, in group II, cattle were treated with ivermectin at the dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously for single dose and in group III, cattle were treated with fenbendazole at the dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight for single dose. Supportive therapy with mineral mixure (Minfa powder), antidiarrhoel (Diaroak) and 5 % dextrose were given to all the cattle in group I, II and III. During pre-treatment period, the haemato-biochemical study revealed a significant decrease in the levels of Hb, PCV, TEC, Lymphocytes and Monocyte in the affected cattle which increased gradually after anthelmintics treatment whereas an increase in the levels of TLC, Eosinophils and Neutrophils were observed in the affected cattle which also decreased gradually after treatment and reached normal level Based on reduction of EPG count, haemato-biochemical changes and recovery from clinical signs, the therapeutic efficacy was found to be highest (91.53%) with albendazole followed by fenbendazole (86.93%) and ivermectin (82.78%) in this study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CURRENT TREND OF DEMODICOSIS IN DOG: EPIDEMIOLOGY, HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-01) PRADHAN, DIPSIKA; Phukan, A.
    The present work was performed to study the current trend of demodicosis in dog enclosing the aspects of epidemiology, haemato-biochemical changes and therapeutic management. A total of 166 dogs with dermatitis were examined for Demodex infestation, of which 28 dogs resulted positive and the overall prevalence was recorded as 16.87 per cent. Among the diseased dogs, localized form was presented in 32.14 per cent and generalized form was presented in 67.86 per cent of cases. In the present study, there were no significant effects (P>0.05) of season, month and sex in the prevalence of the disease. A significant difference (P<0.05) in the variation in age wise and breed wise prevalence was revealed. The highest prevalence of 28.57 per cent was recorded in the age group of above 6 month to 1 year, with pure-bred dogs documenting the highest prevalence of 19.66 per cent. The duly noted clinical signs were alopecia, erythema, scaling, pruritis, follicular papules and pustules, crusts, comedones, seborrhea, lichenification and ulceration, with lesions predominantly observed in periocular, trunk and forelimb regions. The haemato-biochemical study disclosed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, lymphocytes, total serum protein and serum albumin, and a significant increase (P<0.01) in the levels of total leukocyte count, neutrophils, eosinophils, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and serum globulin. During the present study, the treatment regimens compared were 10% imidacloprid with 2.5% moxidectin spot-on solution, ivermectin injection, and a combination of ivermectin injection and amitraz wash. Although all the treatment protocols were found to be effective in the management of canine demodicosis, spot-on solution of 10% imidacloprid with 2.5% moxidectin, and a combination of ivermectin injection and amitraz proved to be comparatively better in clinical and parasitological remission. However, combined use of ivermectin injections and amitraz as external wash was found to be the most cost effective treatment of canine demodicosis.