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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GROWING CONDITIONS, MEDIA AND POT SIZE ON PERFORMANCE OF SOME INDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS(Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2023) VARSHA BALIRAM CHAVAN; R.G. Khandekar; B. R. Salvi; V. G. Salvi; C. D. PawarConsidering the commercial importance of indoor ornamental plants for production; an investigation entitled „Studies on growing conditions, media and pot size on performance of some indoor ornamental plants” was undertaken at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli during 2020 to 2022. The research study included three sets of experiments. The first experiment was “Influence of growing conditions on growth of indoor ornamental plants” under Konkan agro climatic condition which comprised of two growing conditions i.e. shade net and polyhouse studied for two crops dracaena and croton. Second experiment was “Effect of media on performance of indoor ornamental plants. Two crops agloanema and snake plant were studied with four different soil less media combinations. Third experiment was “Effect of pot size on performance of indoor ornamental plants” i.e. syngonium and philodendron were studied with three different pot sizes. The first experiment consisted two treatments T1 (shade net) and T2 (polyhouse) and laid in paired „t‟ test with completely randomized design which showed that the dracaena and croton recorded significantly maximum survival (92.33 and 92.00 %) and vegetative parameters such as number of branches (3.03 and 4.74), number of leaves (98.07 and 51.56), plant spread (45.58 and 50.85 cm), leaf length (12.43 and 28.68 cm), leaf breadth (3.97 and 3.53 cm) were found significantly superior in treatment T1 i.e. shade net, whereas, significantly maximum plant height (90.05 and 71.22 cm) and petiole length (5.02 and 3.31 cm) were recorded by treatment T2 i.e. polyhouse in deacaena and croton: respectively. Other growth parameters, fresh leaf weight (1.66 and 3.33 g), dry leaf weight (0.36 and 0.99 g), number of primary roots (25.80 and 15.04), fresh stem weight (349.72 and 158.59 g), dry stem weight (54.72 and 33.25 g), fresh root weight (262.4 and 56.15 g) and dry root weight (60.57 and 13.72 g), chlorophyll a (1.63 and 1.87 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.39 and 0.55 mg/g) and total chlorophyll (2.02 and 2.42 mg/g) were observed in treatment T1 i.e. shade net in dracaena and croton ; respectively. The economics analysis of the yield data revealed that the highest B:C ratio (2.60 and 2.61) was found in treatment T1 i.e. shade net and recorded highest net profit (12419.0 and 11859.0 Rs./-)in dracaena and croton. The second experiment was consisted of four treatments viz., M1 i.e. vermicompost + FYM (3:1), M2 i.e. charcoal +vermicompost + rice husk + coconut husk + FYM (1:1:1:1:1), M3 i.e. coco-peat + rice husk + FYM + charcoal + coconut husk (1:1:1:1:1) and M4 i.e. coco-peat + vermicompost + wood shaving + charcoal + FYM (1:1:1:1:1) and was laid out in completely randomized design and replicated five times and revealed that significantly maximum survival (91.33 and 95.33 %) in treatment M2 i.e. charcoal + vermicompost + rice husk + coconut husk + FYM (1:1:1:1:1) which was found to be at par with the treatment M3 i.e. coco-peat + rice husk + FYM + charcoal + coconut husk (1:1:1:1:1) (88.87 and 92.00 %) and treatment M1 i.e. vermicompost + FYM (3:1) (88.67 and 94.00 %) in agloanema and snake plant crops ; respectively. Vegetative parameters such as plant height (61.97 and 65.14 cm), number of leaves (32.20 and 22.37), plant spread (49.91 and 48.99 cm), leaf breadth (6.55 and 5.76 cm) were significantly superior in treatment M2 i.e. charcoal + vermicompost + rice husk + coconut husk + FYM (1:1:1:1:1) in agloanema and snake plant. Other growth parameters revealed that significantly maximum number of suckers (8.58 and 12.09), fresh stem weight (450.03 g and 0.95 kg), dry stem weight (40.65 and 102.71 g), number of primary roots (208.72 and 149.25), fresh root weight (231.02 and 287.02 g) and dry root weight (35.66 and 38.39 g) were recorded in treatment M2 i.e. charcoal + vermicompost + rice husk + coconut husk + FYM (1:1:1:1:1) in agloanema and snake plant crops ; respectively. But economically the treatment M3 i.e. coco-peat + rice husk + FYM + charcoal + coconut husk (1:1:1:1:1) recorded highest net profit (6447.5 and 5007.5 Rs./-) promoting highest B:C ratio (2.19 and 2.09), which was statistically at par with the B:C ratio of treatment M2 i.e. charcoal + vermicompost + rice husk + coconut husk + FYM (1:1:1:1:1) (1.96 and 1.95) among growing media in agloanema and snake plant. Among different pot sizes in syngonium and philodendron treatment S1 i.e. 20 × 18 (cm) recorded maximum survival (88.10 and 88.10 %) which is at par with the treatment S2 i.e. 18 × 16 (cm) (86.87 and 87.14 %). Vegetative parameters such as plant height (56.94 and 52.57 cm), number of branches (5.46 and 4.26), number of leaves (37.99 and 37.48), plant spread (61.17 and 49.48 cm), leaf length (12.18 and 14.04 cm) and leaf breadth (9.82 and 10.05 cm) were also significantly superior in treatment S1 i.e. S1 i.e. 20 × 18 (cm) in syngonium and philodendron crops: respectively. Other growth parameters in which longest root length (38.47 and 31.64 cm), fresh leaf weight (5.61 and 5.44 g), dry leaf weight (1.12 and 0.09 g), number of primary roots (56.45 and 116.64), fresh stem weight (458.82 and 436.23 g), dry stem weight (44.78 and 40.49 g), fresh root weight (352.34 and 357.51 g) and dry root weight (36.92 and 35.61 g), chlorophyll a (1.97 and 2.15 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.48 and 0.49 mg/g), total chlorophyll (2.57 and 2.65 mg/g) were also recorded in the same treatment i.e. S1 i.e. 20 × 18 (cm) in syngonium and philodendron crops: respectively. But economically treatment the treatment S2 i.e. 18× 16 cm recorded highest net profit (4621 and 4574.2 Rs./-) promoting highest B:C ratio (3.01 and 3.00), which was statistically at par with the B:C ratio of treatment S1 i.e. 20 x 18 (2.64 and 2.80) among pot size in syngonium and philodendron. Whereas, S3 i.e. 15 x 13 recorded lowest B:C ratio (2.10 and 2.33) in syngonium and philodendron.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of size of cutting and month of planting for propagation of Indian Plumeria (Plumeria alba Linn.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-09-01) Mr. Savant, Ashutosh Nitin; Dalvi, N.V.The present investigation entitled “Optimization of size of cutting and month of planting for propagation of Indian Plumeria (Plumeria alba Linn.)” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2019-2020. The experiment was carried out in factorial randomized block design with five replications. There were two factors viz., size of cutting and month of planting and the investigation was conducted as per the approved outline of research from February to July. All growth parameters were recorded periodically at 30 days interval except sprouting parameters and leaf development while all root observations were noted at the end of experiment. During the course of investigation all the parameters recorded were significantly influenced by size of cutting and month of planting. From the present research on propagation studies of Indian Plumeria, the results revealed that minimum days to sprouting (15.70 days), highest sprouting percentage (100 %), survival percentage (80 %), height of the plant (20.02 cm), number of leaves (15.80), length of leaf (23.14 cm), breadth of leaf (6.60 cm), leaf area (362.01 cm2), girth at collar (24.80 mm) as well as dry weight of shoots (10.95 g) was observed in T3M1 i.e., 40 cm cuttings planted on 15th of February, while maximum number of roots (15.60), length of roots (24.80 cm), root volume (7.29 ml), fresh weight of roots (8.28 g) and dry weight of roots (3.00 g) was observed in T2M1 i.e. 30 cm cuttings planted on 15th of February. Shoot: Root ratio (8.68) was maximum in T3M6 i.e., 40 cm cuttings planted on 15th of July. Maximum absolute growth rate (10.67 g day-1 plant-1) and relative growth rate (1.06 g g-1 day-1) was noted in T3M1 i.e. 40 cm cuttings planted on 15th February. The present investigation has helped to draw the conclusion that size of cutting and month of planting had significant effect on Indian Plumeria. Maximum size of cuttings (40 cm) planted on 15th of February was found to be promising for maximum survival of Indian Plumeria under Konkan agro-climatic conditions of Maharashtra.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on seed germination, rootstock, scion stick and season of grafting for Champaca (Michelia champaca Linn.)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2020-11-01) Miss. Kale, Pratiksha Dattatray; Dr. Salvi, B. R.The present investigation entitled “Studies on seed germination, rootstock, scion stick and season of grafting for Champaca (Michelia champaca Linn.)’’ was conducted at the Department of Floriculture and landscape architecture, College of Horticulture, Dr. B. S. K.K. V., Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2018-2019. Four field experiments were conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first experiment consisted seed germination with six treatments and four replications, second experiment consisted with age of rootstock with three treatments and seven replications whereas third experiment consisted with defoliation of scion sticks with six treatments and four replications. Fourth experiment have done with five treatments and four replications. The days required for germination, germination percentage and growth observation such as height of seedling and number of leaves whereas root observation length of root, root : shoot ratio, seedling fresh weight, dry weight, vigour index, relative growth rate and absolute growth rate. The sprouting parameters like days required for sprouting, sprouting percentage, survival percentage and the growth parameters such as number of leaves, length of leaf, breadth of leaf, leaf area, length of new sprout, girth of scion and height of graft were significantly influenced by age of rootstock and defoliation of scion sticks, grafting season. In the seed germination studies for raising rootstock, the maximum days required for germination (27.3) was in the treatment T4 (Seeds treated with 100 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours) and maximum germination (60 %), maximum number of leaves (10.45), maximum length of root (14.72 cm) and maximum vigour index (1230.85) were observed in treatment T2 i.e. 15 days stored seeds. The maximum height of seedling (23.52 cm) was observed in treatment T4 i.e. seeds treated with 100 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours. The maximum seedling fresh weight (12.58 gm) and the highest root : shoot ratio (0.92) were observed in T5 i.e. seeds treated with 200 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours. However, the maximum dry weight was observed in T4 (1.5 g) i.e. seeds treated with 100 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours. From 30-60 days, the highest absolute growth rate was recorded in T2 (0.2527 cm/day) i.e.15 days stored seeds and from 60-90 days, the highest absolute growth rate was recorded in T4 (0.3130 cm/day) i.e. seeds treated with 100 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours. From 30-60 days, the highest relative growth rate was recorded in T5 (0.0265 cm/cm/day) i.e. seeds treated with 100 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours. From 60-90 days, the highest relative growth rate was recorded in T4 (0.0170 cm/cm/day) i.e. seeds treated with 100 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours. In the experiment ‘Effect of age of rootstock on days required for sprouting of Champaca grafts’, the least days required for sprouting were recorded in the treatment T3 (12.40) i.e. 8 month old rootstock. The maximum sprouting percentage and survival percentage (83.14% and 51.86%, respectively), the maximum length of new sprout (8.58 cm), maximum girth of scion (8.97 mm) were found in treatment T2 i.e. grafting on 7 month old rootstock. The maximum number of leaves were observed in T1 (8.23) i.e. grafting on 6 month old rootstock. The highest leaf area (157.82 cm2) and maximum height of graft (43.64 cm) were recorded in T1 i.e. grafting on 6 month old rootstock. In the experiment, ‘Effect of defoliation of scion sticks on days required for sprouting of Champaca grafts’, the least days required for sprouting (11 days) were recorded in the treatment S4 i.e. grafting with 8 days defoliated scion stick. The maximum sprouting percentage (90 %) and survival percentage (66 %) were found in S3 i.e. grafting with 6 days defoliated scion sticks. The maximum number of leaves (7.35) and the maximum length of new sprout (8.50 cm) were recorded in S5 i.e. grafting with 10 days defoliated scion stick. The maximum leaf area (259.86 cm2) and the maximum girth of scion (9.19 mm) were in S6 i.e. grafting with 12 days defoliated scion stick. The supreme height of graft (46.62 cm) was observed in S2 i.e. grafting with 4 days defoliated scion stick. In the experiment, ‘Effect of grafting season of Champaca grafts’, there was no grafting success in the treatments T4 and T5 (grafting during first fortnight of September, grafting during first fortnight of October). The maximum days for sprouting (12.6 days), maximum length of new sprout (10.72 cm) were recorded by treatment T1 i.e. grafting during first fortnight of March. The maximum sprouting percentage and survival percentage (62 %) were recorded for treatment T3 (83 %) i.e. grafting during first fortnight of May. The maximum number of leaves (7.85), maximum leaf area (68.71 cm2) and maximum girth of scion (7.49mm) were observed in T2 i.e. grafting during first fortnight of April. The maximum height of graft (38.48 cm) was observed in T3 i.e. grafting during first fortnight of May.ThesisItem Open Access “STANDARDIZATION OF CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR CULTIVATION OF ROSE VARIETIES UNDER SHADE NET AND OPEN CONDITIONS IN KONKAN REGION”(2022) Meshram, Pranali Dipak; Salvi, B. R.; Khandekar, R. G.; Salvi, V. G.; Pawar, C. D.; Gokhale, N. B.The present investigation entitled “Standardization of cultural practices for cultivation of rose varieties under shade net and open conditions in Konkan region” was undertaken at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415 712, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra (India) during the year 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 by considering the commercial importance of rose to maximize the production of farmers throughout the year. The whole research project was conducted in three experiments. The first experiment was “Performance of rose varieties under shade net and open condition in Konkan”. The experiment was executed in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors i.e., growing conditions and varieties and replicated three times. Growing conditions factor constituted two treatments viz. Open field (T1) and under shade net cover (T2). Varieties constituted seven treatments viz. Foklar (V1), Rubistar (V2), Double delight (V3), Bordo (V4), Hot putter (V5), Landora (V6) and Gladiator (V7). Among the different growing conditions, treatment T1 (Open field) was found significantly superior with respect to maximum plant height (118.86 cm), maximum number of branches per plant (17.89), maximum plant spread (83.73 cm), maximum total leaf area (5164.01 cm2), least days for emergence of first flower bud (39.36 days), least days taken for tight bud stage of flower (45.07 days), minimum days taken for opening of first flower (50.05 days), highest stalk length (30.50 cm), highest bud length (3.64 cm), maximum bud diameter (2.68 cm), maximum flower diameter (8.83 cm), maximum number of flowers per plant (18.45), highest fresh weight of fully open flower (15.69 g), highest yield of flowers per plant (292.00 g), highest number of flower per sq m. (68.28), highest number of flower per hector (6.83 Lakh), highest yield of flower per hector (9.66 ton), maximum vase life of flower (9.37 days) and maximum uptake of holding solution (12.38 ml). Among the different varieties, V7 (cv. Gladiator) was recorded significantly maximum plant height (126.15 cm), maximum total leaf area (8305.00 cm2), highest stalk length (41.50 cm), highest bud length (3.84 cm), highest bud diameter (3.16 cm), highest flower diameter (9.07 cm), maximum number of flowers per plant (22.52), maximum yield of flower per plant (400.81 g), highest number of flower per sq m. (83.31), highest number of flower per hector (8.34), highest yield of flower per ha (13.25 ton), highest vase life of flower (10.62 days) and highest uptake of holding solution (13.37 ml). Maximum number of branches per plant (22.00) and maximum plant spread (91.01 cm) were found in the treatment V1 i. e. cv. Foklar. Significantly minimum days for emergence of first flower bud (27.92 days), significantly minimum days taken for tight bud stage of flower (32.95 days), minimum days taken for opening of first flower (37.61 days) was recorded in V4 i.e. cv. Bordo. Highest fresh weight of fully open flower (18.25 g) was recorded in the treatment V5 i.e. cv. Hot putter. Interaction effect was significant with maximum plant height (133.61 cm), maximum number of branches per plant (23.93), maximum total leaf area (8436.67 cm2), maximum stalk length (43.72 cm), maximum bud length (4.35 cm), maximum bud diameter (3.74 cm), maximum flower diameter (9.70 cm), maximum number of flowers per plant (23.58), maximum fresh weight of fully open flower (18.87 g), maximum yield of flower per plant (430.42 g), maximum number of flower per sq m. (87.26), maximum number of flower per hector (8.73 Lakh), maximum yield of flower per ha (14.23 ton), maximum vase life of flower (11.33 days), maximum uptake of holding solution (13.46 ml) in the treatment combination T1V7 (cv. Gladiator was grown under open field). Maximum plant spread (98.01 cm) was recorded in T1V1 (cv. Foklar grown under open field). Minimum days taken for first flower bud initiation (27.02 days), minimum days taken for tight bud stage of flower (30.90 days), minimum days taken for opening of first flower (35.32 days) were recorded in the treatment combination T1V4 (cv. Bordo grown under Open field). Economics involved for different growing conditions and varieties showed that treatment combination T1V7 (cv. Gladiator grown under open field) recorded highest net return per ha of (Rs. 86843.61) and highest benefit-cost ratio (3.35). From the present investigation, it can be concluded that the treatment combination T1V7 (cv. Gladiator grown under open field) was found best for economic flower production of rose under Konkan conditions. The second experiment was “Effect of pinching, disbudding and bending on rose cv. Gladiator” which consisted eight treatments viz., T1 – Pinching, T2 – Disbudding, T3 – Bending, T4 – Pinching + Disbudding, T5 – Disbudding + Bending, T6 – Pinching + Bending, T7 – Pinching + Disbudding + Bending, T8 – Control. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. The significantly maximum plant height (129.90 cm), minimum days taken for first flower bud initiation (25.73 days), minimum days for tight bud stage (31.61 days), minimum days for opening of first flower (35.35 days), maximum number of flowers per plant (25.86), maximum fresh weight of fully open flower (19.05 g), maximum yield of flowers per plant (498.07 g), maximum number of flowers per sq m. (95.66), maximum number of flowers per ha. (9.58 Lakh), maximum yield of flowers per ha. (16.47 ton) were recorded in the treatment T8 i.e. Control. Maximum number of branches per plant (22.29), plant spread (87.37 cm) and total leaf area (8409.42 cm2) was recorded in the treatment T1 i.e. Pinching. However significantly maximum flower stalk length (35.35 cm), maximum flower bud Length (4.71 cm), maximum flower bud diameter (3.82 cm), maximum flower diameter (10.89 cm), maximum vase life (11.74 days), maximum uptake of holding solution (13.32 ml) was recorded in the treatment T3 i.e. Bending. In second experiment the treatment T8 i.e. Control recorded highest net profit per ha (Rs.114298.26) and highest B:C ratio (3.80). The third experiment was “Management of nutrient and mulching for rose cultivation under Konkan conditions cv. Gladiator”. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors i.e., different nutrients and mulching and replicated three times. Nutrients factor constituted five treatments viz. N1 (RDF (FYM + NPK 400:200:200 kg/ha), N2 (RDF + soil application (micro nutrient: ammonium molybdate 30 g + CuSO4 525 g at 15 days interval), N3 (RDF + foliar application (micro nutrient: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval), N4 (RDF + soil application (micro nutrient: ammonium molybdate 30 g + CuSO4 525 g) + (micro nutrient : ZnSO4 450 g + MnSO4 450 g + FeSO4 at 15 days interval), N5 (RDF + soil application (micro nutrient: ammonium molybdate 30 g + CuSO4 525 g) + micro nutrient: ZnSO4 450 g + MnSO4 450 g + FeSO4 at 15 days interval + foliar (micro nutrient : 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval). Mulching factor constituted three treatments viz M1 (100 µ thick black transparent polythene), M2 Grass mulch and M3 Control Among the different nutrients treatments, N3 (RDF + foliar application (micro nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval was found significantly superior with respect to maximum plant height (119.17 cm), maximum number of branches per plant (17.80), maximum plant spread (82.70 cm), maximum total leaf area (8272.77 cm2), significantly minimum days taken for first flower bud initiation (31.76 days), minimum days taken for tight bud stage of flower (38.34 days), minimum days taken for opening of first flower (42.90 days), highest stalk length (45.97 cm), highest bud length (4.44 cm), maximum bud diameter (3.68 cm), maximum flower diameter (9.49 cm), maximum number of flowers per plant (26.33), highest fresh weight of fully open flower (19.05 g), highest yield of flower per plant (513.81 g), highest number of flowers per sq m. (97.42), highest number of flowers per hector (9.75 Lakh), highest yield of flower per hector (16.99 ton), maximum vase life of flower (12.08 days) and maximum uptake of holding solution (14.07 ml). Among the different mulching treatments, M1 (100 µ thick black transparent polythene mulch was found significantly superior for maximum plant height (105.08 cm), maximum number of branches per plant (17.03), maximum plant spread (77.26 cm), maximum total leaf area (8116.78 cm2), minimum days taken for first flower bud initiation (32.97 days), highest stalk length (44.65 cm), highest number of flowers per plant (24.56), highest fresh weight of fully open flower (17.81 g), highest yield of flowers per plant (452.88 g), highest number of flowers per sq m. (90.88), highest number of flowers per hector (9.10 Lakh), highest yield of flower per ha (14.98 ton), highest vase life of flower (10.23 days) and highest uptake of holding solution (12.50 ml). Interaction effect was significant with maximum plant height (121.21 cm),maximum number of branches per plant (18.17), maximum plant spread (83.75 cm), maximum total leaf area (8361.21 cm2), minimum days required for initiation of flowering (31.10 days), maximum stalk length (46.83 cm), maximum number of flowers per plant (27.77), maximum fresh weight of fully open flowers (19.57 g), maximum yield of flowers per plant (553.77 g), maximum number of flowers per sq m. (102.74), maximum number of flowers per hector (10.28 Lakh), maximum yield of flowers per ha (18.31 ton), maximum vase life of flower (12.78 days) and maximum uptake of holding solution by flower (14.79 ml) in the treatment combinations N3M1 (RDF + foliar application (micro nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval) + 100 µ thick black transparent polythene mulch. Economics involved for different nutrients and mulching showed that treatment N3M1 (RDF + foliar application (micro nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval with 100 µ thick black transparent polythene mulch recorded highest net return per ha (Rs. 47102.27) and highest benefit-cost ratio (1.12). From the present investigation it can be concluded that the treatment N3M1 (RDF + foliar application (micro nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval with 100 µ thick black transparent polythene mulch was found best for economic flower production of rose under Konkan conditions.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) VARIETIES TO PHOTOPERIOD, PLANTING DENSITY AND CLIMATE PREVAILING UNDER KONKAN CONDITION(Dr.Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 2022) DALI, NEHA MANGESH; Salvi, B. R.; Pawar, C. D.; Mane, A. V.; Khandekar, R. G.An investigation entitled “Response of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) varieties to photoperiod, planting density and climate prevailing under konkan condition.” was undertaken at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli during 2020 to 2022. The research study included four sets of experiments 1. Varietal evaluation of chrysanthemum under konkan condition which comprised of eight varieties namely Zhizhino yellow, Dark pink, Pink, Orange 2108, Manga red, Aurdio white, Smola white and Smola yellow; 2. Effect of planting density on growth and yield of chrysanthemum cv. Zhizhino yellow which comprised of three spacing’s 3. Response of potted chrysanthemums to different levels of photoperiod which was conducted with four different photoperiodic treatments and 4. Response of chrysanthemum varieties at different planting densities under polyhouse condition which included two planting densities and four varieties viz., DPL 1, DPL 2, DPL 3 and DPL 4. During the period of investigation, Zhizhino yellow variety recorded maximum plant height (24.51 cm), early commencement of flowering (42.66 days), minimum days for 50 percent flowering (59.66 days), maximum flowering duration (51.05 days), length of flower stalk (7.18 cm), number of flowers per plant (24.24), yield of flowers per plant (128.90 g), per plot (3.22 kg), per hectare (143.22 q), shelf life (2.77 days) and highest B: C ratio (1.83). While variety Aurdio white recorded maximum number of branches (13.17), leaves (60.16), plant spread (24.46 cm), flower weight (5.44 g) and flower diameter (5.99 cm). This shows that among 8 varieties tested, Zhizhino yellow was found to be superior for flowering, yield and yield attributing characters whereas, Aurdio white was superior with respect to vegetative growth and quality parameters. Among various spacing treatments, wider spacing S3 (60 cm x 30 cm) was found superior with respect to number of branches per plant (14.89), leaves per plant (60.16), average plant spread (22.81 cm), basal stem diameter (5.86 mm), flowering duration (51.16 days), flower weight (5.84 g), flower diameter (6.85 cm), shelf life (2.61 days), number of flowers (33.49) and yield (195.33 g) per plant while maximum plant height (23.07 cm), minimum days for commencement of flowering (41.0 days) and 50 per cent flowering (58.26 days) were recorded in closer spacing S1 (30 cm x 30 cm). However, the yield of flowers per plot (4.90 kg) and per hectare (151.12 q) were found maximum under medium spacing S2 (45 cm x 30 cm) and hence the B:C ratio (2.80) was also highest under medium spacing S2. Among all the photoperiodic treatments, treatment T4 (natural) recorded maximum plant height (25.62 cm), number of branches per plant (13.86), leaves per plant (54.59), plant spread (21.42 cm), total chlorophyll content (1.50 mg/g), flowering duration (50.70 days), length of flower stalk (6.18 cm) and number of flowers per plant (26.51). However, treatment T2 (9 hrs) was found superior with respect to early commencement of flowering (38.93 days), 50 per cent flowering (53.62 days), flower weight (6.03 g), flower diameter (5.85 cm), yield of flowers per plant (154.43 g) and fetched more price in the market and obtained highest B:C ratio (2.91) with good quality flowers. The individual effect of planting density and varieties was also studied under polyhouse condition. Among the two planting densities, lower planting density S1 (32 plants/sq.m) recorded maximum number of leaves (61.11), basal stem diameter (5.33 mm), early commencement of flowering (92.47 days), early 50 per cent flowering (120 days), maximum flowering duration (48.98 days), flower weight (1.83 g) and flower diameter (4.72 cm). Maximum plant height (97.69 cm), number of flower stalks per plot (322.80) and per hectare (3228000.00) were recorded under higher planting density. However, number of flower stalks per plant and length of flower stalk showed non-significant differences. Among the four varieties, maximum plant height (101.05 cm) and length of flower stalk (13.76 cm) was recorded in variety V1 (DPL 1) while maximum number of leaves (68.23), flowering duration (48.98 days), number of flower stalks per plant (5.58), per plot (262.35) and per hectare (2623466.67) were recorded in variety V2 (DPL 2). However, maximum basal stem diameter (5.87 mm), flower weight (2.37 g), flower diameter (5.27 cm), early flowering commencement (88.30 days) and 50 per cent flowering (116.22 days) were recorded in variety V3 (DPL 3). The interaction effect of planting density and varieties showed non- significant differences for all the parameters except for number of flower stalks per plant where maximum flower stalks (5.94) were recorded under S1V2 i.e. when variety V1 (DPL 1) was planted under lower planting density S1 (32 plants/sq.m). The present investigation has helped to draw conclusion that variety Zhizhino yellow and Aurdio white performed better under konkan climatic conditions. Planting at medium spacing (45 cm x 30 cm) recorded maximum flower yield per hectare and highest B:C ratio (2.10) whereas 9 hrs photoperiod provided optimum light conditions for early flowering and good quality flower in chrysanthemum cv. Zhizhino yellow. Also, the varieties at different planting densities can be successfully cultivated under polyhouse conditions. Since stem length is a most important quality attribute of cut chrysanthemum, it can be enhanced by providing artificial long day exposure of 16 hrs dark period and high density planting i.e. 64 plants/ sq.m (12.5 cm x 12.5 cm) under polyhouse condition.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.) varieties for qualitative and quantitative characters under Konkan agro-climatic conditions of Maharashtra(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-24) Ainarkar, Arfa Abiddin; Khanvilkar, M.H.An experiment entitled “Evaluation of gladiolus (Gladiolusspp.) varieties for qualitative and quantitative characters under Konkan agro-climatic conditions of Maharashtra” was conducted during Rabi season of the year 2021-22 at College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, (Maharashtra state). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatments i.e.,T1: Phule Prerana, T2: Phule Tejas, T3: Phule Neelrekha, T4: Pusa Sinduri, T5: Pusa Urmila, T6: Punjab Glad-2, T7: Punjab Lemon Delight, T8: IIHR-G-12, T9: Hyderabad AC-7 and T10: Sancerre. The results revealed that early sprouting of corms (4.53 days), maximum number of leaves (9.74), maximum leaf area (86.64 cm2), early spike emergence (54.91 days), maximum spike length (96.12 cm), maximum interfloret length (5.49 cm), maximum number of floret per spike (14.43), minimum days required for flowering (65.54 days), maximum number of floret opened at a time (7.78), number of spike per plant (2.80), number of spike per plot (42), number of spike per hectare (3.23 lacs), maximum number of corms per plant (2.09), maximum number of corms per plot (31.35), maximum number of corms per hectare (2.41 lacs), longer vase life (9.07 days), maximum longevity of flower in field (15.63 days) were recorded in treatment T3:- Phule Neelrekha and maximum rachis length (52.63 cm) were recorded in treatment T1:- Phule Prerana, while maximum plant height (141.40 cm), maximum floret diameter (8.93 cm), maximum floral duration (24.67 days), maximum number of cormels per plant (39.77), maximum number of cormels per plot (596.65), maximum number of cormels per hectare (4.58 lacs) were recorded in treatment T8:- IIHR-G-12. Thus, it can be observed from the results that, the gladiolus varieties Phule Neelrekha was found to be suitable in respect of number of spikes and corms produced per plant. While, IIHR G-12 was found suitable for cormels produced per plant. However, the variety Phule Neelrekha was suitable in respect of quality parameters of gladiolus spikes under Konkan conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on growing media and various size of pots on growth and development of Bromeliad. (Aechmea gamosepala)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-23) Sasane, Shweta Damodar; Salvi, B.R.The present investigation entitled "Studies on growing media and various size of pots on growth and development of Bromeliad. (Aechmea gamosepala)" was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the year 2021-2022. The research work was carried with two experiments in Randomized Block Design,experimentNo. I with four replication and Experiment No.II with seven replications. There were five treatments in experiment No. I.viz.,T1- Coconut husk + FYM + Soil (1:1:1) (Control) T2 - Coconut husk + FYM + Charcoal + Brick pieces (1:1:1:1), T3 - Coconut husk + FYM + Charcoal + Sand + Cocopeat (1:1:1:1:1), T4 - Coconut husk + FYM + Charcoal+ Rice husk + Brick pieces + Wood shavings (1:1:1:1:1:1),T5 - Coconut husk + FYM + Charcoal + Sand + Rice husk + Wood shavings (1:1:1:1:1:1). and three treatments in experiment No. II viz.,P1- (Pot size 18 cm diameter × 17cm height),P2- (Pot size 20 cm diameter × 18 cm height),P3-(Pot size 23 cm diameter × 21 cm height).The research was carried out as per approved outline of research in year 2021- 2022. All the growth parameters were recorded periodically at 30 days interval except root parameters were recorded at the end of the experiment. Experiment No. 1- During the course of investigation all the parameters were influenced by different media combination. From thepresent research on effect of various media combination on potted Bromeliad, the results revealed that highest plant height(48.44 cm) and length of root (11.98 cm)was found inT4 - Coconut husk + FYM + Charcoal+ Rice husk + Brick pieces + Wood shavings (1:1:1:1:1:1), whereas, highest length of leaves (40.24 cm), width of leaves (9.43 cm), number of leaves (17.33),leaf area (237.40 cm2),number of leaves at time of flowering(17.28),number of suckers (5.73),length of flower spike (11.55 cm),number of floral bracts (18.48),fresh weight (25.37 g), dry weight (3.10 g), fresh to dry weight ratio (8.18),longevity of flowers on plant (16.43 days),and vase life (5.83 days) was registered in T3(Coconut husk + FYM + Charcoal + Sand + Cocopeat (1:1:1:1:1)). By the present investigation it is evident that various combination of media had significant effect on growth of bromeliad as well as its flowering. Overall T4 - Coconut husk + FYM + Charcoal+ Rice husk + Brick pieces + Wood shavings (1:1:1:1:1:1), proved to be promising treatment for most of the growth and flowering parameters. Experiment No. 2 - During the course of investigation all the parameters were influenced by different pot size. From thepresent research on effect of different pot size on potted bromeliad, the results revealed that highest plant height(48.81 cm),length of leaves (36.93 cm),width of leaves (9.69 cm), number of leaves (17.20),leaf area (228.80 cm2),length of roots (11.05 cm),number of leaves at time of flowering(17.61), number of suckers (6.70), length of flower spike (10.99 cm),number of floral bracts (17.44),fresh weight (25.50 g), dry weight (3.18 g),fresh to dry weight ratio (8.04),longevity of flowers on plant (17.49 days),and vase life (6.85 days) was registered in P3- (Pot size 23 cm diameter × 21 cm height) From present investigation it is evident that various size of pots had significant effect on growth of bromeliad as well as its flowering. Overall, treatmentP3- (Pot size 23 cm diameter × 21 cm height) proved to be promising treatment for most of the growth and flowering parameters. For successful cultivation of bromeliad it is better to use mixture of coconut husk + FYM + charcoal + sand + cocopeat in equal proportion as media and pots of size 23 cm × 21 cm (diameter × height) for good growth and flowering of bromeliad.ThesisItem Open Access Use of growth regulators for standardization of propagation technique in Allamanda (Allamanda blanchetii)(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-23) Pandit, Prasad Padmakar; Salvi, B.R.The present investigation, entitled "Use of growth regulators for standardization of propagation technique in Allamanda (Allamandablanchetii L.)," was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, during the year 2021–2022. The research work was carried out with two experiments, by using Randomized Block Design in experiment no. I and Factorial Randomized Block Design in experiment no. II with three replications. There were eight treatments in experiment no. I. viz., T1 - (Grafting in the month of January), T2 - (Air layering in the month of January), T3 - (Grafting in the month of February), T4 - (Air layering in the month of February), T5 - (Grafting in the month of March), T6 - (Air aylering in the month of March), T7 - (Grafting in the month of April), T8 - (Air layering in the month of April). In experiment no II, there were two factors viz., Types of cuttings i.e., Semi-hardwood and Shoot tip cuttings and Growth regulators consist rootex powder, IBA @ 2000 ppm, IBA @ 3000 ppm and IBA @ 4000 ppm. The research was carried out as per approved outline of research in year 2021- 2022. All the growth parameters were recorded periodically at 30 days interval except root parameters were recorded at the end of the experiment. Experiment No. 1– The experiment was conducted as per the approved outline of research from January to August. It was recorded that the propagation which was conducted by two methods during the four months period, thereis no sprouting; rooting and vegetative parameters were observed in air layering propagation method. Hence, growth observations of grafted plant were only recorded and data analysis is carried out with 6 replication per treatment in randomized block design setup. From thepresent research on effect of different months of graftingon Allamanda, the results revealed that highest survival percentage(90.00%),internodal length (13.90 cm),number of leaves (45.20),number of sprouts (2.20),length of leaves (13.90 cm),width of leaves (9.50 cm),plant height (85.70 cm),fresh weightof root (8.20 g),dry weight of root(2.03 g),number of branches(10.58), longevity of flowers on plant (6.30 days).Whereas, minimum days for union of grafting (80.10 days) and days required for flowering(95.30) was registered in T7 - (Grafting in the month of April) By the present investigation it is evident that different months of grafting had significant effect on growth of Allamanda as well as its flowering. Overall T7 - (Grafting in the month of April), proved to be promising treatment for most of the growth and flowering parameters. Experiment No. 2 – The experiment was conducted as per the approved outline of research from January to August. It was recorded that the propagation which was conducted by two types of cuttings, there was no sprouting; rooting and vegetative parameters were observed in Shoot tip cutting propagation method.Hence, growth observations of Allamanda plants propagated through semi hardwood cuttings were only recordedand data analysis is carried out with 4replication per treatment in Randomized Block Design setup. During the course of investigation all the parameters were influenced by different concentration of rooting hormone with semi hardwood cuttings. From thepresent research on Allamanda, the results revealed that highestsurvival percentage(63.33 %),internodal length (12.08 cm),number of leaves (40.07),number of sprouts (1.95),length of leaves (14.87 cm),width of leaves (8.59 cm),plant height (62.27 cm),fresh weight of root(7.20 g),dry weight of root(1.93 g) ,number of branches(9.12),longevity of flowers on plant (6.57).Whereas, minimum days required for flowering(102.00)was registered in A1B5 -(Semi hardwood cuttings + IBA-4000 ppm). By the present investigation it is evident that different concentration of rooting hormone had significant effect on growth of Allamanda as well as its flowering. Overall, treatmentA1B5 -(Semi hardwood cuttings + IBA-4000 ppm).proved to be promising treatment for most of the growth and flowering parameters.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on performance of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) genotypes under polyhouse conditions(Dr. BALASAHEB SAWANT KONKAN KRISHI VIDYAPEETH, DAPOLI, 2023-02-15) Pawar, Rutuja D.; Dalavi, N.V.The present investigation on “Studies on performance of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) genotypes under polyhouse conditions” was carried out at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra at Polyhouse Near the Energy Park, CAET, during 2021-2022. Chrysanthemum is one of the most important flower crops. Nowadays, chrysanthemums cultivated for cut flower purposes and it can be grown in polyhouse for getting maximum yield and production. The experiment was laid out with ten different genotypes in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The genotypes include CHY-1, CHY-2, CHY-3, CHY-4, CHY-5, CHY-6, CHY-7, CHY-8, CHY-9 and CHY-10. Among all the genotypes, genotype CHY-1 has shown best performance with respect to plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, total leaf area, number of flower stem/m2 and number of flower stem/ha.
