“STANDARDIZATION OF CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR CULTIVATION OF ROSE VARIETIES UNDER SHADE NET AND OPEN CONDITIONS IN KONKAN REGION”
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Date
2022
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Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Standardization of cultural
practices for cultivation of rose varieties under shade net and open
conditions in Konkan region” was undertaken at College of
Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Dapoli-415 712, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra (India) during the year
2018-2019 and 2019-2020 by considering the commercial importance
of rose to maximize the production of farmers throughout the year.
The whole research project was conducted in three experiments.
The first experiment was “Performance of rose varieties under
shade net and open condition in Konkan”. The experiment was
executed in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors i.e.,
growing conditions and varieties and replicated three times. Growing
conditions factor constituted two treatments viz. Open field (T1) and
under shade net cover (T2). Varieties constituted seven treatments viz.
Foklar (V1), Rubistar (V2), Double delight (V3), Bordo (V4), Hot putter
(V5), Landora (V6) and Gladiator (V7).
Among the different growing conditions, treatment T1 (Open
field) was found significantly superior with respect to maximum plant
height (118.86 cm), maximum number of branches per plant (17.89),
maximum plant spread (83.73 cm), maximum total leaf area (5164.01
cm2), least days for emergence of first flower bud (39.36 days), least
days taken for tight bud stage of flower (45.07 days), minimum days
taken for opening of first flower (50.05 days), highest stalk length
(30.50 cm), highest bud length (3.64 cm), maximum bud diameter
(2.68 cm), maximum flower diameter (8.83 cm), maximum number of
flowers per plant (18.45), highest fresh weight of fully open flower
(15.69 g), highest yield of flowers per plant (292.00 g), highest number
of flower per sq m. (68.28), highest number of flower per hector (6.83
Lakh), highest yield of flower per hector (9.66 ton), maximum vase life
of flower (9.37 days) and maximum uptake of holding solution (12.38
ml).
Among the different varieties, V7 (cv. Gladiator) was recorded
significantly maximum plant height (126.15 cm), maximum total leaf
area (8305.00 cm2), highest stalk length (41.50 cm), highest bud
length (3.84 cm), highest bud diameter (3.16 cm), highest flower
diameter (9.07 cm), maximum number of flowers per plant (22.52),
maximum yield of flower per plant (400.81 g), highest number of
flower per sq m. (83.31), highest number of flower per hector (8.34),
highest yield of flower per ha (13.25 ton), highest vase life of flower
(10.62 days) and highest uptake of holding solution (13.37 ml).
Maximum number of branches per plant (22.00) and maximum plant
spread (91.01 cm) were found in the treatment V1 i. e. cv. Foklar.
Significantly minimum days for emergence of first flower bud (27.92
days), significantly minimum days taken for tight bud stage of flower
(32.95 days), minimum days taken for opening of first flower (37.61
days) was recorded in V4 i.e. cv. Bordo. Highest fresh weight of fully
open flower (18.25 g) was recorded in the treatment V5 i.e. cv. Hot
putter.
Interaction effect was significant with maximum plant height
(133.61 cm), maximum number of branches per plant (23.93),
maximum total leaf area (8436.67 cm2), maximum stalk length (43.72
cm), maximum bud length (4.35 cm), maximum bud diameter (3.74
cm), maximum flower diameter (9.70 cm), maximum number of
flowers per plant (23.58), maximum fresh weight of fully open flower
(18.87 g), maximum yield of flower per plant (430.42 g), maximum
number of flower per sq m. (87.26), maximum number of flower per
hector (8.73 Lakh), maximum yield of flower per ha (14.23 ton),
maximum vase life of flower (11.33 days), maximum uptake of holding
solution (13.46 ml) in the treatment combination T1V7 (cv. Gladiator
was grown under open field). Maximum plant spread (98.01 cm) was
recorded in T1V1 (cv. Foklar grown under open field). Minimum days
taken for first flower bud initiation (27.02 days), minimum days taken
for tight bud stage of flower (30.90 days), minimum days taken for
opening of first flower (35.32 days) were recorded in the treatment
combination T1V4 (cv. Bordo grown under Open field).
Economics involved for different growing conditions and
varieties showed that treatment combination T1V7 (cv. Gladiator grown
under open field) recorded highest net return per ha of (Rs. 86843.61)
and highest benefit-cost ratio (3.35). From the present investigation, it
can be concluded that the treatment combination T1V7 (cv. Gladiator
grown under open field) was found best for economic flower
production of rose under Konkan conditions.
The second experiment was “Effect of pinching, disbudding and
bending on rose cv. Gladiator” which consisted eight treatments viz.,
T1 – Pinching, T2 – Disbudding, T3 – Bending, T4 – Pinching +
Disbudding, T5 – Disbudding + Bending, T6 – Pinching + Bending, T7 –
Pinching + Disbudding + Bending, T8 – Control. Experiment was laid
out in Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. The
significantly maximum plant height (129.90 cm), minimum days taken
for first flower bud initiation (25.73 days), minimum days for tight bud
stage (31.61 days), minimum days for opening of first flower (35.35
days), maximum number of flowers per plant (25.86), maximum fresh
weight of fully open flower (19.05 g), maximum yield of flowers per
plant (498.07 g), maximum number of flowers per sq m. (95.66),
maximum number of flowers per ha. (9.58 Lakh), maximum yield of
flowers per ha. (16.47 ton) were recorded in the treatment T8 i.e.
Control. Maximum number of branches per plant (22.29), plant
spread (87.37 cm) and total leaf area (8409.42 cm2) was recorded in
the treatment T1 i.e. Pinching. However significantly maximum flower
stalk length (35.35 cm), maximum flower bud Length (4.71 cm),
maximum flower bud diameter (3.82 cm), maximum flower diameter
(10.89 cm), maximum vase life (11.74 days), maximum uptake of
holding solution (13.32 ml) was recorded in the treatment T3 i.e.
Bending. In second experiment the treatment T8 i.e. Control recorded
highest net profit per ha (Rs.114298.26) and highest B:C ratio (3.80).
The third experiment was “Management of nutrient and
mulching for rose cultivation under Konkan conditions cv. Gladiator”.
The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design
with two factors i.e., different nutrients and mulching and replicated
three times. Nutrients factor constituted five treatments viz. N1 (RDF
(FYM + NPK 400:200:200 kg/ha), N2 (RDF + soil application (micro
nutrient: ammonium molybdate 30 g + CuSO4 525 g at 15 days
interval), N3 (RDF + foliar application (micro nutrient: 0.3% ZnSO4 +
0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval), N4 (RDF + soil
application (micro nutrient: ammonium molybdate 30 g + CuSO4 525
g) + (micro nutrient : ZnSO4 450 g + MnSO4 450 g + FeSO4 at 15 days
interval), N5 (RDF + soil application (micro nutrient: ammonium
molybdate 30 g + CuSO4 525 g) + micro nutrient: ZnSO4 450 g +
MnSO4 450 g + FeSO4 at 15 days interval + foliar (micro nutrient :
0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval).
Mulching factor constituted three treatments viz M1 (100 µ thick black
transparent polythene), M2 Grass mulch and M3 Control
Among the different nutrients treatments, N3 (RDF + foliar
application (micro nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3%
FeSO4 at 15 days interval was found significantly superior with
respect to maximum plant height (119.17 cm), maximum number of
branches per plant (17.80), maximum plant spread (82.70 cm),
maximum total leaf area (8272.77 cm2), significantly minimum days
taken for first flower bud initiation (31.76 days), minimum days taken
for tight bud stage of flower (38.34 days), minimum days taken for
opening of first flower (42.90 days), highest stalk length (45.97 cm),
highest bud length (4.44 cm), maximum bud diameter (3.68 cm),
maximum flower diameter (9.49 cm), maximum number of flowers per
plant (26.33), highest fresh weight of fully open flower (19.05 g),
highest yield of flower per plant (513.81 g), highest number of flowers
per sq m. (97.42), highest number of flowers per hector (9.75 Lakh),
highest yield of flower per hector (16.99 ton), maximum vase life of
flower (12.08 days) and maximum uptake of holding solution (14.07
ml).
Among the different mulching treatments, M1 (100 µ thick black
transparent polythene mulch was found significantly superior for
maximum plant height (105.08 cm), maximum number of branches
per plant (17.03), maximum plant spread (77.26 cm), maximum total
leaf area (8116.78 cm2), minimum days taken for first flower bud
initiation (32.97 days), highest stalk length (44.65 cm), highest
number of flowers per plant (24.56), highest fresh weight of fully open
flower (17.81 g), highest yield of flowers per plant (452.88 g), highest
number of flowers per sq m. (90.88), highest number of flowers per
hector (9.10 Lakh), highest yield of flower per ha (14.98 ton), highest
vase life of flower (10.23 days) and highest uptake of holding solution
(12.50 ml).
Interaction effect was significant with maximum plant height
(121.21 cm),maximum number of branches per plant (18.17),
maximum plant spread (83.75 cm), maximum total leaf area (8361.21
cm2), minimum days required for initiation of flowering (31.10 days),
maximum stalk length (46.83 cm), maximum number of flowers per
plant (27.77), maximum fresh weight of fully open flowers (19.57 g),
maximum yield of flowers per plant (553.77 g), maximum number of
flowers per sq m. (102.74), maximum number of flowers per hector
(10.28 Lakh), maximum yield of flowers per ha (18.31 ton), maximum
vase life of flower (12.78 days) and maximum uptake of holding
solution by flower (14.79 ml) in the treatment combinations N3M1
(RDF + foliar application (micro nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4
+ 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval) + 100 µ thick black transparent
polythene mulch.
Economics involved for different nutrients and mulching
showed that treatment N3M1 (RDF + foliar application (micro
nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4 + 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days
interval with 100 µ thick black transparent polythene mulch recorded
highest net return per ha (Rs. 47102.27) and highest benefit-cost ratio
(1.12). From the present investigation it can be concluded that the
treatment N3M1 (RDF + foliar application (micro nutrients: 0.3% ZnSO4
+ 0.3% MnSO4 + 0.3% FeSO4 at 15 days interval with 100 µ thick
black transparent polythene mulch was found best for economic
flower production of rose under Konkan conditions.