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Author: Srivastava, Neha ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular diversity analysis among the parents, heterosis and combining ability analysis in exotic Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for early maturity and grain yield
    (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE, SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES. (Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute) PRAYAGRAJ-211007(U.P.), 2019) Srivastava, Neha; B.G, Suresh
    The present investigation was carried out with the objective to collect the basic information on heterosis, combining ability and molecular diversity by using SSR markers in upland rice germplasm. Ten genotypes (7 lines and 3 testers) were selected based on per se performance for grain yield per plant and early duration after evaluating 22 upland rice genotypes during Kharif-2013 and 2014. Selected lines and testers were used for further experimentation and crossing programme initiated by using line x tester mating design during Kharif-2015 to generate 21 hybrids at Field Experimentation Centre, Crop Improvement Division, NRRI, Cuttack, Odisha. Twenty one hybrids along with ten parents and two checks, a total of 33 genotypes evaluated during Rabi, 2015-16 at National Rice Research Institute, (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack. Data recorded on different yield and yield attributing traits. On the basis of mean performance of grain yield per plant from twenty two upland rice genotypes the highest grain yield was observed in three upland rice germplasms viz., IR 82589-B-B-95-2 (13.97 g), IR 82589-B-B-2-3 (13.48 g) and IR 82589-B-B-121-3 (13.56 g) and were significantly superior over the best check Sahbhagi dhan (12.72 g) The analysis of variance for heterosis revealed significant differences for all the characters studied. On the basis of per se performance for grain yield per plant only one hybrid, IR 83750-BB- 131-1 x Sahbhagi dhan (16.32 g) observed significantly superior over the best check US 314 (15.20 g) High positive economic heterosis observed over the check Anjali for grain yield per plant in crosses namely and IR 83750-B-B-131-1 x Sahbhagi dhan (25.76%), IR 83750-B-B- 131-1 x NDR 97 (25.53%), IR 82639-B-B-200-4 x Vandana (19.23%), IR 82589-B-B- 95-2 x Sahbhagi dhan (15.38%), IR 82589-B-B-121-3 x Sahbhagi dhan (13.84%) and IR 82589-B-B-121-3 x Vandana (7.69%). The analysis of variance for combining ability showed high significance of crosses for all the traits studied. The variance due to lines was found significant for all the traits except flag leaf width and tillers per plant, under study. The variance due to testers was also found highly significant for all the traits except flag leaf width, tillers per plant and days to 50 % flowering. The magnitude of SCA variance was higher than the GCA variance for most of the characters, indicating presence of predominance of non-additive gene action for the characters under study. The testers Sahbhagi dhan and Vandana and the lines IR 83750-B-B-131-1 and IR 82589-B-B-121-3 possessed significant positive gca effects implying that they are good general combiners and may serve as useful source for improvement of hybridization programmes. Three hybrids IR 82639-B-B-200-4 x Vandana, IR 82589-B-B-131-1 x Sahbhagi dhan and IR 82639-B-B-200-4 x Vandana were identified as good specific cross combinations based on positive sca effects and per se performance. Based on per se performance, significant sca effects and heterosis for yield the crosses IR 83750-B-B-131-1 x Sahbhagi dhan, IR 82639-B-B-200-4 x Vandana, IR 82589-B-B-95-2 x Sahbhagi dhan and IR 82589-B-B-121-3 x Sahbhagi dhan recorded high heterosis over the check Anjali for grain yield per plant and were identified as promising heterotic hybrids. A total 44 alleles were detected using 18 SSR markers with an average of 2.44, which ranged from 2 (RM 10649) to 4 (RM1404 and RM 10504). Polymorphism information content (PIC) denotes the polymorphic in formativeness of a marker. The PIC values, which are a reflection of allele diversity and frequency among the genotypes, were not uniformly high for all the SSR loci tested. An average value of 0.35 for Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), 1.18 resolving power and 0.85 marker index was obtained for these markers. RM 14330, RM 263, RM 10649 and RM 10655 were the most informative markers on the basis of highest PIC of 0.48, 0.40, respectively. Based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient the matrix value recorded highest in 0.15 (IR 82589-B-B- 121-3 and NDR 97) to 0.88 (IR 82589-B-B-95-2 and IR 82589-B-B-143-1). Clustering results showed a clear cut distinction and categorized parents into major and minor groups. All these 18 markers could able to distinguish among parental lines of rice hybrids. The dendrogram based on the UPGMA analysis of NTSYS software grouped the studied rice genotypes into two major groups. Group-I, found as largest group and contained eight genotypes and Group II was small group having four genotypes. Thus, those parental lines having more genetic diversity can be used for more heterosis exploitation through hybrid rice breeding.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Production , optimization and characterization of thermostable cellulase from aspergillus fumigatus AA001 and its application in production of reducing sugar from agriculture waste. "
    (DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENGINEERING SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES (FORMERLY ALLAHABAD AGRICULTURE INSTITUTE) ALLAHABAD -211007, INDIA 2018, 2016) Srivastava, Neha; Ramteke, Dr. P. W.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Production, Optimization and Characterization of Thermostable Cellulase from Aspergillus fumigatus AA001 and its Application in Production of Reducing Sugars from Agriculture Waste
    (Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), 2016) Srivastava, Neha; Ramteke, Prof. (Dr.) Pramod W
    The production and utilization of biofuels is gaining attention worldwide because of several advantages such as reducing global warming and global energy crises. Biofuel such as; bioethanol and biohydrogen can be produced by the fermentation process of sugars obtained from cellulosic materials e.g. agro-industrial wastes. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant, renewable and low-cost source available for the production of bioenergy. Lignocellulosic agricultural wastes biomasses are being used as the substrate for the production of second-generation biofuels. Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex system which is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose & lignin, and the conversion efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels is high, excluding lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose which covers ~twothird of the lignocellulosic biomass are regarded as the potential sources of sugars production. For conversion of these cellulosic materials into the fermentable sugars, lignocellulosic enzymes; cellulases are required. Dynamic researches on cellulases have explored their potential for different industrial sectors. Cellulases are the group of enzymes and can be divided into three major groups: exoglucanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidases. These enzymes are needed for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass for the generation of fermentable sugars. Generally, the enzymatic hydrolysis reactions are carried out at 45oC-50oC which shows slow enzymatic hydrolysis rates, low yields of sugars, and incomplete hydrolysis and is very sensitive to microbial contamination. These limitations could be resolved by using the thermophilic/thermotolerant microorganism for the production of thermophilic/thermostable enzymes. Thermophilic/thermostable cellulase enzymes have the number of commercial applications, as the paper processing industries are always interested in such type of cellulases which can withstand higher temperatures. In addition, one of the most important applications of thermostable cellulase is in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass into the fermentable sugars for biofuels production at elevated temperature. To accomplish the aim, “Production, Optimization and Characterization of thermostable crude cellulase viii from Aspergillus fumigatus AA001 and its application in the production of reducing sugars from agriculture waste" the present work has been arranged into five chapters. Chapter-I, includes the general introduction on cellulase and its role in biofuels production process, cost analysis along with its industrial importance and various possible ways to reduce the cost of its production. This chapter also provides knowledge about the potential cellulase producing fungal strain, types of cellulase and its properties like thermal stability and pH stability. Moreover, the role of process parameters to improve the cellulase production and lignocellulosic biomass and its importance for lowering the cost of cellulase as well as overall biofuels production process has been discussed. Chapter-II, presents the review of literature providing broad knowledge on celulases. It also provides the information on the market analysis for cellulases and various factors, responsible for the thermal stability of cellulases. These chapters also summarize several studies for the isolation of thermophilic/thermotolerant microorganisms for thermophile/thermostable cellulase production. Additionally, process parameters affecting the thermophilic/thermosable cellulase production and ways to improve the production process have also been discussed. At the end of this chapter, objectives of the present work are also provided. Chapter-III includes the materials and methodology adopted in the entire study. It describes the isolation, screening, and identification of thermophilic/thermotolerant fungal microbes for the production of thermophilic/thermostable cellulase enzyme. The medium composition used for the production of enzyme, the classical and statistical methods of media optimization for cellulase production, partial purification, biochemical and molecular characterization of crude cellulase are also discussed. Further, the enzymatic hydrolysis using the pretreated agriculture biomass at different substrate loading and the optimal condition is explained. Materials and methods emphasizing the production, thermal stability, and hydrolysis efficiency are also provided. Finally, various analytical tools for the identification of selected microorganism, qualitative, and quantitative analysis method are also summarized. Chapter-IV, describes the results and its discussion obtained from various experimental studies, carried out in the entire study. All the findings of the present ix study have been presented in the forms of figures & tables along with a thorough discussion. The obtained results have also been compared with the previous studies and the existing cellulase produced from other thermophilic/thermotolerant fungus. Finally, the work done in the present study has been summarized in Chapter V. The overall conclusion has been drawn on the basis of the experimental results followed by the future scope of thermostable cellulase and its applications.