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ThesisItem Open Access ACCESSANDUSEOF ICT (INFORMATIONCOMMNUICATION TECHNOLOGY) TOOLSBYEXTENSIONPERSONNELFORTRANSFEROFTECHNOLOGYINALLAHABAD DIVISION OF UTTAR PRADESH(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATION NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE, SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES ALLAHABAD, U.P., 2018) DWIVEDI, RISHI KUMAR; Dr. Dipak Kumar BoseInformation Communication Technology comprises a set of technological tools and resources to create, dissemination, store and manage data and information. ICT can be broadly understood as the technologies that facilitate communication, processing and transmission of communication by electronic means ICTs rapidly gaining the central focal point for future word economic growth and development, while ICTs is ganging prominence as engine for economic growth. ICT tools like Radio, T.V., Video, film, slide, pictures, print media, internet, e-news paper, e-mail, and web based search engine, telephone, mobile; computer, etc. are being used to disseminate the information to the grass roots level users. At present the agriculture scientist and extension personnel in development of agriculture as the major responsibility to transforming technologies to farming community from time to time. The study was conducted in Allahabad region to determine the socio-personnel and psychological characteristics of the respondents to ascertain the accessibility to ICT tools by the respondents, to ascertain the utility pattern of ICT tools for transfer of technology, to find out the knowledge level of the respondents about ICT tools to analyze the factor influencing in the use of ICT tools and to trace the constraints faces by the respondents in use of the ICT tools for transfer of technology and seek their suggestions to overcome the constraints. Descriptive research deign was used for the present study. The study was covering 4 district i.e. Allahabad, Kushambhi, Fatepur, Pratapgarh which were selected purposively. The extension agencies in the Allahabad division such as Directorate of Extension of Agriculture University, 4 KVK and several State Agricultural Departments were selected for the present study. A total of 84 scientists/ AO and 196 FLEP were selected randomly for the present study, pre structure and pre tested interview schedule was used for collection data which were collected by the researcher himself through personnel interview method. Appropriate statistical tools were used to analysis the data for drawing a proper conclusion. The result revealed that the socio-personnel characteristics of scientists/AO were medium to high level where as FLEP have had medium level. The accessibility of the ICT tools was higher in case of scientists/AO but it was medium accessibility in case of FLEP. Utility pattern of ICT tools for transfer of technology by the scientists/AO were high but in case of FLEP it was low to medium level. The knowledge about ICT tools were medium to high in case of scientists/AO were as it was low to medium in case of FLEP. The major constraints faced by respondents using ICT tools were inadequate technically competent, insufficient number of ICT tools in the organization, insufficient budget allocation for ICTs, lack of up gradation of ICT equipments and lack of latest ICT infrastructure personnel in using ICTs. Proper care and management of utilization ICT tools in necessary in order to maximum utilization of ICT tools in the rural area. Government should take proper steps and proper Extension strategies to be followed for maximum utilization of ICT tools.ThesisItem Open Access The Advent and Growth of American Baptist Mission and Churches in Assam(Gospel and Plough Institute of Theology Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences Allahabad–211007, Uttar Pradesh- India, 2018) Doley, Jonali; Navitt, Dr. Pradeep JohnThesisItem Open Access Alkaline Protease Production Using Submerged Fermentation from Different Species of Bacillus(Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), 2016) Idbeaa, Insherah Omar Ali; Verma, O. P.Alkaline protease is the most important group of protease enzymes utilized commercially in various arenas of industries, such as food, detergent, leather, dairy, pharmaceutical, diagnostics, and waste management. Microorganisms of specially those belonging to Bacillus genera serve as a vast repository of diverse set industrially important enzymes and utilized for the large scale enzyme production using fermentation technology. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples from Lucknow in India using serial dilution method. Different isolates were then screened for their alkaline protease producing capability using skim milk hydrolysis test..Isolates showing positives result for the skim milk hydrolysis test were identified based on their morphology by staining and their biochemical properties. DNA was extracted from all the isolate using Phenol:chloroform method. Quantification of the isolated DNA was performed by UV-Vis double beam spectrophotometer. The high yield DNA samples were amplified using 16S rRNA primers and based on bioinformatic analysis thus identified five different Bacillus species (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis ,Bacillus chonii and Bacillus cereus) were identified. Eight fermentation media were used for production of Alkaline protease for identifying the media in which yield is maximum for the Alkaline protease enzyme production.Media (MD8) produced highest amounts of alkaline protease (62.5 U/mL). The study also aimed at determining the most optimized conditions for Alkaline protease production and activity from five different species of Bacillus like pH, metal ions, nitrogen source, carbon source and NaCl. The most optimized media and culture conditions will help to enhance the protease production which could play major role in various detergent industries.ThesisItem Open Access ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION USING SUBMERGED FERMENTATION FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF BACILLUS(Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, 2016) ALI IDBEAA, INSHERAH OMAR; Verma, O. P.Alkaline protease is the most important group of protease enzymes utilized commercially in various arenas of industries, such as food, detergent, leather, dairy, pharmaceutical, diagnostics, and waste management. Microorganisms of specially those belonging to Bacillus genera serve as a vast repository of diverse set industrially important enzymes and utilized for the large scale enzyme production using fermentation technology. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples from Lucknow in India using serial dilution method. Different isolates were then screened for their alkaline protease producing capability using skim milk hydrolysis test..Isolates showing positives result for the skim milk hydrolysis test were identified based on their morphology by staining and their biochemical properties. DNA was extracted from all the isolate using Phenol:chloroform method. Quantification of the isolated DNA was performed by UV-Vis double beam spectrophotometer. The high yield DNA samples were amplified using 16S rRNA primers and based on bioinformatic analysis thus identified five different Bacillus species (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis ,Bacillus chonii and Bacillus cereus) were identified. Eight fermentation media were used for production of Alkaline protease for identifying the media in which yield is maximum for the Alkaline protease enzyme production.Media (MD8) produced highest amounts of alkaline protease (62.5 U/mL). The study also aimed at determining the most optimized conditions for Alkaline protease production and activity from five different species of Bacillus like pH, metal ions, nitrogen source, carbon source and NaCl. The most optimized media and culture conditions will help to enhance the protease production which could play major role in various detergent industries.ThesisItem Open Access Allelopathic Effect of Jatropha Leaf Leachate on Growth and Yield of Tomato and Pea(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ(ALLAHABAD)– 211007 (U. P.) INDIA, 2019) SANGTAM, ARILA W.; Umrao, Dr. RajivThe experimental study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Jatropha curcas on two vegetable crops tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and pea (Pisum sativum). Fresh leaves of Jatropha were collected, sundried and soaked for 24 hrs; the filtrate was diluted with tap water to make different concentrations. There were five treatments viz., T0 (tap water); T1 (25% concentration); T2 (50% concentration); T3 (75% concentration); T4 (100% concentration). The experiments were laid out in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Leaf leachates of Jatropha curcas at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on seed germination and growth parameters of test crops in open field condition. Germination was significantly higher in tomato and pea when they were treated with 25 % and 50% concentration. Similarly, the gross return, net return and higher cost: benefit ratio was reported maximum when the crops were treated with 25% and 50% concentration. The results showed that allelochemical stress caused by Jatropha curcas aqueous was much pronounced in 100% concentration i.e. T4 in both Tomato and Pea. From this we can predict that Jatropha curcas might possess allelochemicals that causes both suppressive and stimulatory ability.ThesisItem Open Access An analysis of consumer purchase behaviour towards hatchback segment of passenger cars with special reference to Uttar Pradesh (EAST).(DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JOSEPH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES,, 2018) Tariq, Osama; Sinha, Dr. RichaIn current times, all the activities of a marketing organisation revolves around the consumer unlikely what used to happen two decades ago when product was the centre of all marketing activities. Hence understanding the psychology of consumers became one of the most important task for the marketing managers/strategists of every organisation as it will pave the way for their success in the market. Understanding of consumer behaviour is important for any organisation before launching a product. If the marketing mechanism of the organisation failed to analyse what kind of product and product features and facilities a consumer want then the response of the consumer regarding the product may or may not be satisfactory and the organisation may suffer a product failure resulting in losses. The Indian Automobile Industry is in no way untouched by this changing attitude of the consumers. The Indian car market has, throughout the last two decades evolved itself into one of the major market in the world. The research study starts by studying the theories of consumer market segmentation with a hybrid and dynamic aspect. In India, a car purchase is still considered a sign of a successful person in the eyes of society. Added to that a car purchase decision is considered to be of vital importance as most of the times it is a long term decision and the car purchased will be in use for an average of seven years. Hence consumers try to select that car which can serve their purpose (job requirement, family requirement or social status) for a longer span of time. Also with the cost involved with the purchase, the consumer becomes extra cautious as to what he/she is going to buy and hence the alternatives and choices are scanned very minutely and a decision is made up. The research is aimed to study the buying behaviour of consumer and the automobile industry in detail. The study dealt with the demographic, geographic [vi] &psychographic characteristics of the consumer in buying the car. It also covered the various parameters that consumer focuses upon while buying a hatchback car, which will help us lead to identifying and understanding the behaviour of consumers while purchasing a car. It will also help the automobile companies in identifying the factors which need to be more focused upon in the hatchback car segment and how the various segments of consumer behaviour act in different condition at the same place even when apparently the two consumers/buyers appears to be from the same walks of life. The research is carried out in the eastern area of Uttar Pradesh. The state is having the largest population in India and is considered as one of the major markets in the country. The problem of the study is to find out and explore the impact of various different factors and the differentiating parameters with which the consumer judge a car before buying in an apparently homogeneous and synchronized car market. The main objectives of the study for the study are :- To study the various factors affecting the consumer car purchase behaviour. To examine the relationship between demographic variables and product features and attributes. To study the various product attributes that affect consumer behaviour towards purchase of hatchback cars on his/her personal end or at the end of the car dealer The hypotheses formed for the study are:- Hypothesis 1 There is a significant relationship in between demographic variables and usage of the car. Hypothesis 2 There is a significant relationship in demographic variables of respondents and the hatchback car attributes. [vii] Hypothesis 3 There is a significant relationship in between the decision of purchase made by the respondent and extent of influence of social groups. Hypothesis 4 There is a significant relationship in between the Product Attributes and the overall satisfaction of the consumer. The major findings of the research studies carried out was that as the Indian automobile market (speaking in context to Uttar Pradesh east) is expanding there is a wide scope for acceptability of new products and enhanced features at a slightly higher cost meaning that the consumer is willing to pay for his/her requirements as well as for some added benefit the automobile company can give along with th product. Moreover owning of a car is treated as the next important thing after a house. The hatchback segment is not only now treated as the entry segment car but also as a car which can fulfil the need of an average family. The pressure point in between the consumer and the car manufactures are:- Economical Price, Technologically Loaded, Long warranty, Comfort, Customer Satisfaction, Better Finance Services, Service Centre amicability etc. The conclusion of the research is that there is still vast chances of development in the hatchback segment as the market is right now in the growth phase. Unlike the past decade banks and financial institutions were not so liberal in giving out finances to the buyers so easily. Some professions do require the need of car in real. And because of the congested city roads people tend to buy a hatchback car for its navigation feasibility, easy to maintain, low on the budget, fuel efficiency, compact, easily available spares. Hence the sales of hatchback car have soared up in the past decade and the climb is still steady. As found in the study, many youngsters who have started earning recently (experience 1 years to 10 years), they want to have a car of their own as having a [viii] car in our society is understood as the person is a good earner, has settled and is in a good position. Plus the enthusiasm for them is like a kid having a toy. So they look out for a car that fulfills their need and as in most cases their budget is on the low side. Thus the scope for hatchback car segment is in its initial phase with growing population, narrower roads, easy maneuverability, low maintenance cost, occupying smaller road space the hatchback is the car of future generations who wish to use it in cities.ThesisItem Open Access ANALYSIS OF DOMINO AND REVERSIBLE HNG LOGIC CIRCUIT(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SHEPHERD INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, ALLAHABAD-211007 INDIA, 2018) Agrawal, Naresh Chandra; KUMAR, Dr. ANILIn this thesis, analysis of benchmark circuits of existing domino logic circuit and Reversible Logic for the overall functionality is described. In the present work it is observed that the classical advantage of high speed operation, Domino logic family suffers from low noise sensitivity and large power consumption. Dynamic CMOS logic gives advantage in terms of testability over static CMOS circuits. Significant research has been going to stabilize this domino with reference to designing parameters. However, extra added transistors are not readily testable for stuck-open faults. Not traceable the stuck-open faults in transistors may be the reason of drop in noise margins and therefore it may affect the reliability of the circuit. The testability issue has been reported to solve the undetected TSOP problem associated with secondary precharge transistors. Moreover in reversible logic, the comparisons between existing conventional circuits are for propagation delay, garbage in, garbage out for 1 bit ALU in Reversible Logic techniques. The 1-bit reversible ALU, i.e. reversible control unit and reversible full adder unit, using reversible HNG logic gates is analyzed. We have taken three control signals which perform 8 arithmetic operations and 7 logical operations. Reversible computing has its great significance in reducing the complexity of the digital circuits. Reversible logic has different areas for its application, which are low power CMOS, quantum computing, nanotechnology, cryptography, optical computing, DNA computing, digital signal processing, quantum dot cellular automata, communication and computer graphics.ThesisItem Open Access “Analysis of genetic variability and heritability among different genotypes of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook.) under naturally ventilated polyhouse”(Department of Horticulture Naini Agricultural Institute Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture,Technology and Sciences Allahabad- 211007 (U.P), India, 2019) Kumar, Pushpendra; Prasad, Prof. (Dr.) V. M.Analysis of genetic variability and heritability among different genotypes of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook) under naturally ventilated polyhouse In the present investigation with twenty genotypes were evaluated at the experimental farm of at Hi-Tech Horticulture Farm, at SHUATS, Allahabad during the year 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment of both years was laid out in RBD with three replicates in polyhouse conditions. Gerbera cultivars were raised in a naturally ventilated polyhouse (NVP) which was oriented in North-South direction with a size of 28 m length, 20 m width with central height of 6 m. It was observed that highly significantly variation was obtained for all genotypes in all the character during first year, second year analysis. The estimate of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than that of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studies. This is because variability of the phenotypic level includes both genotypic and environment variability.The high heritability was estimated for flower yield per year (no), number of suckers per plant, days to first flower bud initiation, vase life in fresh water, number of leaves per plant, while length of ray florets, flower disc diameter (cm) and flower diameter and stalk length low heritability. Maximum genetic advance as per cent of mean indicated higher values for number of suckers per plant, flower yield per year (no), vase life in fresh water, net profit, days to first flower bud initiation, number of leaves per plant. Whereas lowest values of genetic advance were noted for stalk length (cm) followed by length of ray florets, plant height (cm), number of ray florets, plant spread (cm).Correlation analysis during first and second year revealed that number of suckers per plant, vase life in fresh water and flower yield per year (no) has high to moderate gcv coupled with high heritability and high genetic gain gave the evidences that the scope of improvement for these characters was enough through diameter, stalk length (cm), stalk diameter (cm), length of ray florets, number of whorls, vase life in fresh water, net profit and number of ray florets and flower yield per year (no) has significant positive correlation.During first year cluster IV contained seven genotypes namely 6,7,11,12,14,16,20 and cluster III had six genotypes 1,2,3,4,5,19 while four genotypes 8,9,10,15 were included in cluster II. While, cluster I 13,17,18 represented by three genotype.In the second year, seven genotypes (7,8,9,11,12,14,19) were contained by cluster II and cluster III had six genotypes (3,4,5,10,16,20) whereas cluster I (1,2,6,15) had four genotypes. Three genotypes namely 13,17,18 were included in cluster IV.ThesisItem Open Access Analysis of Landuse and Landcover Data for Giridih District of Jharkhand to Identify a New Industrial Zone using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques(Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), 2015) Abushnaf, Ahmed Mohamed; Pandey, R. K.Site selection is a critical decision made by private and public owners that affects a wide range of activities ranging from land use planning to sitting of industrial facilities. As such, industrial site location analysis is a big business, whether measured in terms of amounts invested, decisionmakers involved, employees affected, or the economies of the area influenced. Determining facilities locations is critical to the success and failure of such investments. The advanced space technology known as geospatial technology is a perfect tool to come out with site location . In the present study, identification of suitable site for industry establishment in Giridih district of Jharkhand, India is one of the evidence of Geospatial technology for mankind development. satellite landsat-7 ETM+ data has been used to find out land use land cover, geomorphology, ground water mapping of the study area. However road maps, river map, rail of the study area were extracted from satellite data, Survey of India (SOI) topographic map on 1: 50,000 scale. Land use Land cover mapping, geomorphology mapping, Groundwater mapping, slope mapping, road and rail network, and river mapping was done using on screen visual interpretation of landsat-7 ETM+ data. Attribute is given to all the classes. Each class in spatial layers is assigned with weighed value 1 to 10 based on the relative importance to suitability. After that all thematic vector layers were integrated and introduced in to overlaying and weightage analysis to carry out Point allocation approach using Boolean logic approach using Multi decision criteria mapping using Arc GIS 9.3 to target potential sites for Industrial development. The sum of Weightage of spatial layers using weighted overlay analysis, the result have been classified as high, medium, low and not suitable Ranking (order of priority) was done based on the knowledge of study area to select the best sites for industry development. Outcome generated through the GIS analysis shows that 160.85 km2 areas are highly suitable, 407.85 km2 areas is moderately suitable, 4398.30 km2 area is less suitable for industry development. Remote sensing data analysis in this study has helped to derive quantitative information on spatial and temporal relationships of land use/land cover and its potential sites for industry development. A multi criteria approach was employed in conjunction with GIS-based overlay analysis to identify the new industrial zone.ThesisItem Open Access ANALYSIS OF RARELY DISGUISED FEATURES IN HANDWRITINGS FOR FORENSIC CONSIDERATION(DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ, U.P., INDIA, 2019) HARNE, PRAJAKTA; Mishra, Dr. Munish KumarThe proposed study is based on the application of statistical approach in the science of handwriting identification for the analysis of disguised pattern. Disguised handwritings are those handwritings where the author attempts to intentionally conceal his natural writing habits. Disguised writing does not have the spontaneous appearance of naturally executed words and letters. The exercise of obscuring one’s natural writing habits while, at the same time, writing in an entirely different fashion entails extraordinary attentiveness and determination if the deception is to avoid detection. The most common method used by the individuals while providing specimens to the court is to disguise their handwriting samples and similar means of disguise are being used in anonymous letter where individuals try to hide their identity. Thus, the proposed study is intended to emphasize those features of handwriting which are rarely disguised. These features not only constitute class and individual characteristics of handwriting, but also incorporate natural variations so as to impart further individualization to the calligraphic script. For implementing the project, a large number of samples are taken from volunteers of different age groups, diverse professional backgrounds, gender and geographical regions. These also include matured writers, as well as individuals who are routinely not doing writing work. The application of statistical methods estimates the percentage of various parameters chosen for study. During analysis of sample, 13 parameters of handwriting were observed to be rarely disguised. It has also been observed that writers usually alter their overall design of letters without altering the identified disguise parameters. The objective of the present study is also placing stress on the fact that, if this set of parameters remains unchanged while executing disguise writings then it infers that they can be considered as factors of identification the common authorship which is the fundamental motive behind every examination carried out in handwriting identification. The proposed research work is supplemented with graphs indicating the number of individuals using the given parameter in different manner.ThesisItem Open Access ANALYSIS OF SOFT COMPUTING BASED CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH MODELS(DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SHEPHERD INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES ALLAHABAD (INDIA) July, 2017, 2017) HARRY, NARESH NISCHOL; Bind, Yeetendra KumarThis Ph D thesis is prepared with a notion that it will encourage the use of soft computing methods in the field of concrete technology since these methods are being extensively used in many field of engineering now a days viz. automatic railway signaling systems, home and kitchen appliances and other electronic items etc. While the acceptability of these methods are widespread in the field of computer science, information technology and electronic engineering, the civil engineering community still hesitate to use these methods. The reason behind it is very simple and obvious that is the existing codes do not allow to use these methods as an alternative to laboratory methods. In addition, unavailability of algorithms for specific problems, discourages the professionals and engineers to adapt these methods. Present work is the demonstration of its applicability and limitation while obtaining concrete compressive strength following two different approaches of soft computing. Six different types of concrete mix data were developed from existing literature and laboratory experiments. However, broadly we can classify entire data into two category that is conventional concrete mix data and admixture mix data. Five different combinations of admixture mixed concrete data that are; Blast Furnace Slag (BFS), Blast Furnace Slag with Super Plasticizer (SP), Fly Ash, Fly Ash with SP and BFS plus Fly ash with SP were used to develop data matrix. A thorough data analysis was carried out and incongruent data were removed from the developed data matrix to minimize the error in final results. Two different approach of soft computing methods that are Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were employed to understand the non linear pattern between concrete mix design data and corresponding compressive strength. ANFIS is called as hybrid system since it integration of well known Fuzzy Logic (which is a entirely different field of mathematics in which logical reasoning is associated with fuzzy sets). Design mix components like quantity of cement, water, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate were taken as training variables in conventional concrete. Quantity of admixture along with above mentioned design mix components were taken as training variables in admixture mix concrete. Curing period was an essential component in training variables in both conventional and admixture mix concrete. Using above combinations and associated compressive strength the ANN and ANFIS models were prepared. These models were equipped with certain fix and varying characteristics which is iii discussed in detail in chapter 3. These networks were capable of modeling compressive strength from developed non linear pattern. Finally, performance evaluation measures such as coefficient of determination (R2) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) showed that ANN and ANFIS were able to model compressive strength with some limitations. It was observed that ANFIS works well when number of input variable is less. In addition, very reliable data sources is needed irrespective of size of data matrix. However, ANN works well with great number of input variable also it can tolerate some incongruent data since error is back propagated to the network and repeated cycles gradually decreases the error. In addition to soft computing methods, regression methods were also used to see its applicability in modeling compressive strength. The same sources of data were used to develop Multiple Linear and Non Liner Regression Models (MLR and MNR). MLR models were incapable in satisfactorily predicting the compressive strength. Only multivariate power function were used in MNR analysis. Multivariate power equations developed from MNR analysis could satisfactorily model compressive strength and R2 values ranged from 0.75 to 0.85. Overall it can be said that the performance of soft computing methods are highly dependent on reliability of data. These methods can successfully be integrated with laboratory findings in the field of concrete technology if source of information is trustworthyThesisItem Open Access ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL DEVICES FOR PROCESS HEAT APPLICATIONS(DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES Deemed to be University [FORMERLY ALLAHABAD AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE] NAINI, ALLAHABAD, INDIA-211007 2018, 2018) OJHA, ASHOK KUMAR; Singh, L.PThe attention of future energy source at world level has focused scientist SUN as the ultimate source of energy. Extracting energy from the Sun is more meaningful in case of India because, sun is present all over the country and available for minimum 300 days in an year. The present Ph.D. Thesis work aims to develop a device for extracting direct Sun energy by concentrating the Sun rays continuously using an online tracking system. The collected energy can be utilized in variety of ways for future cooking applications. The device is developed using Conceptual Design Development process using computer and CAE activity. A final feasible parabolic mirror system is developed for Home cooking. The temperature of about 1800 degree centigrade temperature is achieved on design calculation basis at the Focus of the device. The final breezed design is used to study the manufacturing aspects and relevant analysis of load, stress, interference; tolerances, etc. are carried out on basis of DFM (design for Manufacturing) analysis. Individual components, subassembly and assemblies are finalized on basis of their functionality. CAD based simulation studies are carried out to see the visualization of the device developed. Since India is facing the toughest environmental challenges and taking into consideration present level of pollution in our cities and rivers as per recent reports, Today we are moving towards greener sources of energy and Solar is the best option available . Energy from the Sun is available in two ways (i) Thermal (ii) (ii) Electrical The developed design of the SUN parabolic mirror device is finally fabricated using Composite and steel structures. The device uses 2D tracking system using DC controlled motors. Number of experiments is carried out to see the working of the developed device under varies working conditions. The data obtained on the device can be used to develop any size of the similar device for future applications. In first and second chapter we have discuss about energy sinrio of the world and how to utilized our renewable resources and what is the application of solar heat not only in the field of lightening purpose but also for heating purpose by using CSP. Third chapter is related to solar cooking by design the cooker and I find thermal capacity of the cooker. This chapter also include regarding solar process heating application use for solar crematorium. Chapter four is related to result and discussion regarding capacity of the cooker and cost analysis of solar crematorium equipments. Chapter five include conclusion and future scope of CSP for saving future electricity and energy crisisThesisItem Open Access Analyzing Fuzzy Control Model for Variable Speed Pitch Wind System Connected To Grid(FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES NAINI, PRAYAGRAJ -211007, 2019) ALAMIN, AIMAN SALEH; SHRIVASTAVA, Dr. JYOTIWind energy is playing a vital role in the world‟s energy markets nowadays, considering its striking growth rate in the last few years. Variable Speed wind turbines have many advantages over fixed-speed generation such as increased energy capture, operation at maximum power point, improved efficiency, and power quality. Fuzzy logic controller is employed for the control of pitch angle, real and reactive power flows of grid connected direct driven VSWT-PMSG system. The control system is done by planning the appropriate trajectories on components of the output variable vector of the system. The main advantage of the proposed method is control of the system even during the transient state as well as the high performance. The proposed system includes a three-bladed horizontal wind turbine and a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) which is connected to the grid through a back to back converter and a filter. To analyze the performance of the control strategy, a random profile of the wind speed has been used. A new nonlinear control method based on differential flatness is applied to a high-power wind energy conversion system connected to the grid is proposed in this paper. To prove the efficiency of the proposed control method, simulation results of a 5 MW wind turbine using the same model are presented.ThesisItem Open Access Antioxidant and Polyphenolic Changes in Tomato during storage under different conditions(Department of Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, U.P. (India), 2020) MISHRA, SAUMYA; Prakash, Pfro. VeeruTomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, corresponds to the Solanaceae family of vegetables. L. esculentum belongs to a class of climacteric fruit which has a very short shelf life of usually 1-2 weeks. The present study was carried out to determine the optimum storage temperature and treatments by taking a record of various kinds of biochemical changes during the post-harvest storage for ensuring better quality for consumption and its shelf-life. Treatment of Calcium Chloride (1%, 2% and 5%), Hydrogen Peroxide (1%, 2% and 4%), Controlled atmosphere storage (1% CO2 & 0.5% O2; 2%CO2 & 1% O2; and 3% CO2 & 1 % O2) and 1-MCP (0.5 μL/L, 1.0 μL/L and 1.5 μL/L) were given to the tomato fruit of the Hisar Arun and Kashi Vishesh cultivar, harvested at three stages of ripening (Mature Green, Breaker, and Mature Red) and stored under three different temperatures (5°C, 10°C and 15°C). Changes in non-enzymatic and enzymatic activity as well as nutritive substances were evaluated after every 7 days up to a total of 21 days of the storage period. When treated with CaCl2 or H2O2, the non-enzymatic antioxidants (except lycopene) in both the cultivars of tomato and for all the treating conditions provided, showed an increasing trend until 14 days of storage after which, it started declining. On the other hand, the same exhibited a gradual, yet increasing trend all the way up to 21 days of the storage when treated with 1-MCP or provided Controlled Atmospheric Storage (CAS) condition. Particularly, corresponding to the mature green stage of Kashi Vishesh, the maximum (39%; 233.184) change in antioxidant activity was seen for 5% CaCl2 treated fruits after 14 days while minimum (16%; 181.824) change was perceived by the fruits treated with 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP after 21 days stored at 15°C. Nutritionally, ascorbic acid is very important for the human diet; and tomatoes are a rich source of ascorbic acid. The trend of change in ascorbic acid on the basis of maturity stages was different as compared to the other studied parameter. Highest changes were seen in mature green, followed by mature red. However, the breaker stages displayed least changes in due course of the storage at all conditions. The quality of fruits is decided by the phenolics, thus maintenance of phenolics during storage is crucial. Changes in total phenol content during storage was found to be temperature dependent, notably at 5°C storage temperature, the increase in the total phenol content was minimum, followed by that corresponding to 10°C, and 15°C. Initially, phenolic content was the highest in mature green fruits, but the rate of change was higher in mature red stages, followed by the breaker, and then in the mature green stage. The contents of carotenoids, as well as other chemoprotective substances, are highly conditioned by the genotype and environmental conditions. Percentage change in carotenoids increased up to 14 days in CaCl2 and H2O2 treated fruits; while the same increased consistently up to 21 days in CAS and 1-MCP treatment. Lowest carotenoid content was recorded in 5% CaCl2 (51.831 mg/100gm) in the mature red Hisar Arun cultivar corresponding to the storage temperature of 15°C. Lycopene is a natural plant nutrient with antioxidative properties and great health benefits. In general, a continuous rise in lycopene content was found up to 21 days of storage. A higher amount of change was recorded corresponding to the mature green fruit when treated with CaCl2 or H2O2. Whereas for the CAS and 1-MCP treated fruits, mature red fruits showed the maximum changes. Changes in Lycopene content of tomato fruits is found to vary in the range of 1.5-58% in the mature green of Hisar Arun. The enzymatic antioxidants assessed in the present study viz. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductase (GR), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Catalase (CAT) shown an increasing trend up to 21 days of storage. Specific activity of SOD (78.633 unit/mg/protein FW); APX (212.819 unit/mg/protein FW); GR (125.506 unit/mg/protein FW) and CAT (203.486 unit/mg/protein FW) were found to be maximum in the mature green fruits of Kashi Vishesh cultivar when treated with 5% CaCl2 stored at lower temperature (5°C) after 21 days of storage among all the studied conditions. In contrast to the aforementioned biochemical activities in tomatoes, which, in general, increased during the storage, Protein showed a totally different trend i.e. decreased from day one. Fruits of Kashi Vishesh harvested at the mature red stage when treated with 5% CaCl2 displayed the highest decrement while 1.5 μL/L 1-MCP showed the lowest change after 21 days of storage when stored under 15°C temperature. Sugars constitute an important component of tomato fruit as they determine sweetness and influence the overall tomato flavor. Reducing sugar in all the treated fruits samples were increased up to 21 days and the rate of change was highly dependent on the provided treatment. Reducing sugar content of local cultivar varied in the range of 2.245-3.201 mg/100gm FW; 3.146- 4.619 mg/100gm FW and 4.733-6.088 mg/100gm FW in the mature green, breaker and mature red fruits, respectively. Summarily, we found tomato fruits, harvested at the breaker stage, retained a significantly higher amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants after 14 days of storage compared to fruit harvested at the mature green and red stage. In addition, our investigations suggest the 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP treatment to be the most effective in terms of offering a definitive control in the rate of evolution of non-enzymatic antioxidants of the tomatoes such as lycopene and carotenoids. Further, although Hisar Arun (Local) variety is found to retain more nutritional content than Kashi Vishesh (hybrid) variety, the latter showed a higher shelf life.ThesisItem Open Access Application of growth regulators and potting media for production of quality nursery stock of different Poplar (Populus deltoides) clones(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES ALLAHABAD-211007 (U.P), INDIA, 2018) KERKETTA, NEETA SHWETA; Majid Wani, Dr. AfaqThesisItem Open Access THE APPLICATION OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BUILDINGS PROJECTS IN LIBYA(Department of Civil Engineering Shepherd Institute of Engineering & Technology, SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY&SCIENCES ALLAHABAD-211007, (U.P), INDIA, 2018) ABUDULNABI, HASSAN MOHAMED; AGARWAL, V.C.Risk has a great impact on the performance of residential projects in Libya in terms of cost, time and quality. It has increased the size and complexity of the projects and has become the ability to manage risk in all phases of the construction process a central element to prevent unwanted consequences. The risk management process between the actors in the project is governed to a large extent to know the importance of risk management as well as documents related to the content of the contract. Therefore, the experience in the risk management of the project is the main issue for the actors of the project. This research aims to deepen understanding of risk management and its application during the construction period in Libya and know the reasons that led to the delay in the completion schedule and as well as finding suitable solutions. The study includes ten projects including (27,571) housing units recently carried out in Libya. This includes the questionnaire and a series of interviews with clients, contractors, and consultants involved in these construction projects.It has been prepared in a form to determine and identify the risks facing the housing projects in Libya and then distributed to a number of companies that implement these projects. After it has identified risks that these projects faced by questionnaire and interviews form with engineers and project managers, these data were analyzed qualitatively, and then a checklist of the risks one may be facing in the projects in Libya was prepared. This research aims to let everyone understand the risks management in Libya ,and a deep study on the procedure of risks management in the projects. Especially, since the prime minister of the Libyan government, issued a decision in 2005 to build 200, 000 thousand housing units and should be delivered to citizens in 2011, but most of these projects are delayed. The study involved will take ten large projects all over Libya . The results of this study present the effect of common and major risks on construction period.ThesisItem Open Access An Appraisal of Drought Dynamics in Bundelkhand Region (India) using Geo-spatial Techniques(Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Allahabad-211007 Uttar Pradesh, India 2018, 2018) Kundu, Arnab; Denis, Prof. Derrick MarioAn Appraisal of Drought Dynamics in Bundelkhand Region (India) using Geo-spatial Techniques ABSTRACT Drought is a multifaceted concern dependent upon rainfall, temperature, evapotranspiration available soil moisture content and groundwater. With the advent of space technology, spatio-temporal studies have become more relevant in dry-land researches. The hyper-temporal SPOT-VGT NDVI data were used in this study to quantify the degree and trend of change in vegetation cover. Generally, there is a lag response of vegetation to the amount of rainfall received by an area. Thus, rainfall-NDVI interrelationship was taken as a surrogated measure to estimate the areas under natural and anthropogenic vegetation change. The first objective of the study was to identify the spatial and temporal dynamics of agricultural, meteorological and hydrological drought and their inter-relationships, mapping and assessment using geo-informatics. Second objective of the study was to assess the onset, duration, frequency and extent of agricultural drought using satellite based data. The areas affected by drought have shown through the spatio-temporal extent of drought. The spatial extent of drought indicates the extent of area affected by drought and its spatial pattern. It was estimated through longterm SPOT-VGT NDVI datasets and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). The third objective of the study was to assess the long-term trend of vegetation in comparison with rainfall over the Bundelkhand region (India). The fluctuation of NDVI value is interrelated with the production of crops and natural vegetation growth. Finally, fourth objective of this research focused on assessing the socio-economic risk of drought using multi-criteria analysis and GIS. In this study, mainly census based parameters have taken for drought risk to the society. Besides, human responses towards drought risk have shown based on pair-wise comparison and vulnerability analysis. The district-wise vulnerability and risk map are able to identify the hierarchy based drought affected region. So, as per the study these districts should be taken as a natural threat of drought towards the society. The GIS based study with AHP and pair-wise comparison has successfully produced an excellent output for the above study.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION(THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (SHUATS) (U.P State Act No. 35 of 2016, as passed by the Uttar Pradesh Legislature) Allahabad, 211007, U.P, India, 2017) A. V., JOYCY; Tripathi, NishiWhy humans do the things that they do so specifically and what creates the drive for success, has been a subject of scientific investigation for decades. The consensus is that everyone is motivated to achieve, although for different reasons. These reasons are collectively called achievement motivation and directly influence everyday actions such as doing work, practising a sport or hobby, studying for an exam, attending college etc. Psychologists believe that motivation is a necessary ingredient for learning (Biehler & Snowman, 1986). Satisfactory school learning is unlikely to take place in the absence of sufficient motivation to learn. Hence the present study was undertaken to learn the relationship between Achievement motivation and academic performance of secondary school students with special reference to family factors such as Socio Economic Status of Parents, education and occupation of parents etc. It is the participation of parents in every facet of children‟s education and development from birth to adulthood will affect a marked impact in their children‟s achievement. Parental involvement has a sound research base attesting to the many potential benefits it can offer in education, it generally benefits children‟s and adolescents learning and academic success. For years Parental Involvement has been touted as a very important predictor of student‟s achievement in schools. Recent surveys also show, teachers focus on the need to increase parental involvement, strengthening parents‟ role in learning of their children. It has been identified by teachers as an issue that should receive the highest public priority in education policy (Louis Harries, 1994). Moreover, a 1993 Metropolitan like survey of teachers found that large majority believed that the schools could be improved by federal government if it encourages parents to be more involved in their children‟s education (Richardson, 1993). The CCE scheme of CBSE is a good curricular initiative, attempting to shift emphasis from merely testing to holistic learning. It aims at creating good citizens possessing sound health, appropriate skills and desirable qualities besides academic excellence. The goal is to equip the learners to meet the challenges of life with confidence and success. Therefore the investigator selected CBSE schools of Uttar Pradesh, as the population for the study. The Sample for the investigation comprises 1101 students of 13 C B S E Schools of 6 districts of Uttar Pradesh, with in the age range of 14 to 17 (Mean=15.5).They belong to the group of Adolescence. iii Adolescence describes the age between 13 and 19 years and can be considered the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood... The period of adolescence is mostly closely associated with the teenage years although its physical, psychological and cultural expression can begin even earlier or later. Psychological development during adolescence is often accompanied by new stresses, behavioral changes and relationship problems. Parental involvement in the lives of their adolescent children can help young people to learn how to cope with stresses and maintain physical and mental health. Adolescent‟s achievement motivation has direct influence on their academic performance. Parental involvement has positive influence on students‟ achievements motivation which is so intuitively appealing that society in general and education in particular have considered parental involvement as important ingredient for the remedy of many problems in education of adolescents. This study has proved this aspect beyond any doubt. Achievement Motivation test constructed by Dr. V P Bhargava (1984) was administered to the selected sample to assess their academic achievement motivation. Descriptive statistic tools were used to analyze collected data. For criterion measure of the students‟ academic performance the Final Examination Grades of class IX or X were considered. Various comparisons were made to analyze significant effect of factors effecting students achievement motivation and academic performance by applying ANOVA and Karl Pearson‟s correlation co-efficient using SPSS. The results revealed that there is positive co-relation between achievement motivation and academic performance of secondary school students. There is significant effect of parents‟ socio- economic status and educational qualifications on the achievement motivation of secondary school students which will ultimately result on better academic performance. However it has been observed that there is no significant difference between male and female students with respect to achievement motivation. Results also show that parents‟ caste and occupations have no significant effect on achievement motivation. This study confirms the importance of Achievement Motivation and the positive impact of parent‟s educational qualifications and Economic status and concluded by making insightful suggestions and recommendations to stakeholders in Education in helping students to enhance their motivation and to improve on their performance.