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2017 - 20193
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficiency of Daucus carota silver nanoparticles for removal of lead ions (Pb+2) from waste water
    (DEPARTEMENT OF CHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences Prayagraj-211007(U.P.) India, 2019) SINGH, SHWETA; Chattree, Dr. Amit
    The removal of Pb from wastewater is one of the major environmental concerns these days. Concerning the environmental awareness and the economical point of view, the use of low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive method of removing heavy metals from wastewater. The main objective of the present work is to study the removal of Pb from wastewater using modified agriculture product as an adsorbent i.e silver nanoparticles synthesize by using Dacus carota. All reaction parameters were conducted in batch equilibrium mode that is adsorbate concentration 10 ppm, adsorbent dose (0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05 g) , pH (3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) and contact time (20,40,60,80,100 min). Characterization of adsorbent was done using UV-visible spectroscopy to confirm the synthesis of nanoparticles, XRD and FTIR to determine particle crystalline nature and functional groups present on the surface,respectively. The effective solution pH, adsorbent dose and contact time on the Pb adsorption were found to be 3, 0.01g, 80 min, respectively for the adsorption studies. The percentage removal is 74% at this condition. Adsorption capacity is 37.0 mg/g. Three common models that is Langmuir Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to investigated the interaction of Pb and adsorbent. The adsorption is best fitted by Temkin isotherm . Monolayer adsorption capacity is 13.51 mg/g. Adsorption thermodynamic was determined which suggest adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. The results indicate that carrot-silver nanoparticles can be used as a low cost adsorbent, as an alternative for treatment of wastewater.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NATURAL APPRAISAL OF WATER CONTAMINATION UTILIZING PERIPHYTON EFFICIENCY IN YAMUNA RIVER, ALLAHABAD, INDIA
    (DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & NRM COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, 2018) SINGH, SHWETA; James, Abhishek
    Many assessments of water pollution in aquatic ecosystem have focused mainly on physical and chemical characteristics. However, until recently, biological aspects have been given little attention. Although physical and chemical methods of assessing water pollution are relatively simple to interpret, biological assessments have many strong merits. Periphyton is a standout amongst the most essential algal gatherings connected with substrates in aquatic habitats. It is also an important indicator of water quality. So Periphyton has often been used as an experimental system. The biological assessment of Yamuna river water in Allahabad has been studies. Four sampling stations viz. Station I- Bargad ghat, Station II- Gau ghat, Station III- New bridge and Station IV- Saraswati ghat was establish for the collection of water samples during January 2015 to December 2016. Monthly variation of water quality parameters like temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolved oxygen, Biological oxygen demand, Total dissolved solids, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Chloride, Phosphours, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness, Turbidity and Nitrate were investigated during the study period. Amid this examination the Periphytic algal groups of Yamuna were represented by 20 taxa which had a place with 4 noteworthy classes in particular Bacillariophyceae (13), Chlorophyceae (3), Cascinodiscophyceae (2) and Cyanophyceae (2). The most widely recognized periphytic species experienced over every one of the four destinations included Carteria , Chaetophora , Cloneis , Diatima , Cymbella , Fragilaria , Navicula , Oscillatoria and Synedra sp. Therefore an attempt was made to use periphyton productivity (ash-free dry weight) and chlorophyll-a content (measured from periphyton colonized on glass microscope slides) to assess water pollution in the Yamuna river. In contrast to biomass, the chlorophyll-a content of the accumulated periphyton was not always directly related to the AFDW of the biomass. Though the highly polluted Station I showed high biomass AFDW and chlorophyll-a, due to increased nutrient enrichment. The chlorophyll- a values at polluted and slightly polluted Station II and IV were lower than at the Slightly polluted Station III. The Water Quality was calculated using key chemical parameters linked to organic pollution, there was a significant correlation between chemical parameters, biomass AFDW, and chlorophyll-a. The cumulative study based on the result of all the parameters concluded that all the station are least effects pollution. Therefore it was not necessary that an increase in the biomass AFDW, due to nutrient enrichment, would always increase the chlorophyll-a in accumulated periphyton. The finish of this exploration is that the waterway was oligosaprobic and free from contamination since Chlorophyceae were discovered adequately in the stream and it show respectably contamination of Yamuna.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Efficacy of Water Chestnut (Trapa bispinosa) powder for development of functional Pudding with Honey as sweetening agent
    (WARNER COLLEGE OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES ALLAHABAD-211007, U.P (INDIA), 2017) SINGH, SHWETA
    Milk is an excellent raw material, which can be modified by several processes to yield a variety of food products having specific functional properties. Pudding is specially a starch based dessert, it a semisolid product of creamy consistency or soft spongy dessert. Pudding consists of sugar, milk, and a thickening agent such as corn starch, gelatine, eggs, rice or Tapioca to create a sweet, creamy dessert. Nutritionally, water chestnuts flour is a good source of potassium and fibre. They are low in sodium, and fat is virtually non-existent. Calorie wise, one cup of water chestnut slices contains about one hundred-thirty calories. Water Chestnuts are high in carbohydrates. Trapa flour is eaten during fasting in India. So, the aim of the present study was to utilize various nutritional phytochemicals present in underutilized Indian Trapa fruit & also natural antioxidants in order to fully utilize the local fruits for expansion as functional food which posses various health benefits. The present research work was conducted with the objective to standardize the process for the development of Pudding using Water Chestnut and Honey in various Proportions as well as studying its sensory and Nutritional Properties. The experiment was replicated five times and the data obtained during investigation was statistically analysed by using factorial design and critical difference (C.D.) techniques. Pudding prepared from different levels of Water Chestnut i.e. 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% indicated as W1,W 2,W3,W4 and different levels of Honey i.e. 20% ,25%, 30%, 35% indicated as H1, H2, H3, H4 respectively. Among the different Combination of Water Chestnut and Honey treatment W1H3 was best in terms of overall acceptability, Flavour and Taste, Colour and Flavour. On the basis of Chemical Analysis W4H1 has the highest Carbohydrate ,W4H4 has highest Protein,W1H1 has highest Fat ,W1H4 has highest moisture content, W4H1 has highest total solid and W4H4 has highest Ash content. In case of Antioxidant Activity W4H4 has the highest Total Phenolic Content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity and W4H3,W4H4 has highest ferric reducing antioxidant power.