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2018 - 20193
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Subject: Soil Science ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Geospatial Analysis of Soil and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant near National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bastar District, Chhattisgarh
    (DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ- 211007 (U. P.) INDIA, 2019) RAO, P. SMRITI; Thomas, Dr. Tarence
    Mapping of soil properties is an important operation as it plays an important role in the knowledge about soil properties and how it can be used sustainably. The study was carried out in a Bastar district, Chhattisgarh state, India in order to map out some soil characteristics and assess their variability within the area. Samples were collected from the 4 sampling sites, Kesloor and Raikot (NH-16), Adawal and Nagarnar (NH-30) from Jagdalpur. From each sites, 12 samples of soils (with three replications) from 20m, 60m and 500m (control site) distance from the edge of national highway at four soil depths, i.e. 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm was collected. The soil samples were air-dried, crushed and passed through a 2 mm sieve before analyzing it for BD, PD, %Pore Space, Water Retaining Capacity, pH, EC, Organic carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Exchangeable Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur, Cation Exchange Capacity, % Base Saturation, Iron, Copper, Chromium, Manganese, Zinc, Cadmium and Lead were calculated. After the normalization of data classical statistics was used to describe the soil properties and geo-statistical analysis was used to illustrate the spatial variability of the soil properties by using kriging interpolation techniques in a GIS environment. Results showed that the coefficient of variance for all the variables was 2.33 to 2.42. The geostatistical analysis was done by Ordinary kriging.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF In Vitro AND In Vivo ANTAGONISM OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATES AGAINST RHIZOBIA IN ALLUVIAL SOIL RHIZOSPHERE OF FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum L.) cv. ANGULE
    (DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSTY OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ - 211 007 (U.P.), INDIA, 2019) RASSEM, ABDOUSLAM MILAD AHMED; David, Dr. Arun A.
    The biotic conditions are limiting factors to the growth and activity of the nitrogen-fixing system and environmental factors, the biotic factors can influence the growth, survival, and metabolic activity of nitrogen fixation bacteria, as a micro-organism can affect on the legume- Rhizobium symbiosis by reducing the population density of Rhizobium and susceptible nodule bacterial in the soil. Challenged by population increase, climatic change and soil deterioration, crop improvement and conditions around are always a priority in securing food supplies. Application of excessive inorganic fertilizers, leads to accumulation of toxic elements in soil and water, therefore. The present study with a greenhouse experiment was carried out by randomized complete block design, three replicates and sixteen treatments to evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo antagonism of Actinomycetes against Rhizobia on nutrient content of soil, plant growth and crop yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Angule in Prayagraj district, the strains analyzed for DNA using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR) and testing the suitable strain of a crop, strains were Rhizobium leguminosarum, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium pusense, Streptomyces lucensis, Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces olivaceus, the sequences were submitted to gen bank database at NCBI in Japan. The result of the study has shown significant improvement in the vegetative growth (plant height and shoot dry weight) and the yield (number of seeds per pod, weight of the pod, yield per plant and total yield q ha-1) as compared with the control plants which gave the lowest parameter for the above characters and high value of soil pH, when the optimal temperature for growth, and improved quality of the seeds (protein, fat and carbohydrates). The strain of Rhizobium can grow and survive at salt concentrations which are inhibitory to most agricultural legumes. Also can colonize plant roots pea with a large number of densities, and promising isolates can use as biomass in conditions of salt stress. The results indicated that a combined application of bio-fertilizers improved soil health and plant growth leading to increased yield; this opens the way for the use of bacterial pollinating as a partial or total replacement of mineral and nitrogen fertilizers in particular. The growth promotion can also be a combination of unrelated mechanisms that operate under environmental or agricultural conditions needed by the crop at particular locations, such as mitigating stress (salt, toxic compounds, adverse environment), and the need for biological control. Also strains isolated able to production enzymes urease and catalyes that affect on nitrogen compounds. xvii All treatments have a benefit-cost ratio greater than 1; it indicates that the net profit of the project benefits outweighs the net profit of the costs, therefore, the treatments were considered significant because the value C: B for all treatments greater than one, it was highest net profit of 73095.5 with benefit-cost ratio is 1: 2.58 at treatment having (Streptomyces lucensis + Rhizobium leguminosarum). Economic benefit were positive at treatments combination incubated between (Rhizobium and actinomycetes), more than single inoculated and very less with treatment without inoculated, benefit social to some labour saving for per hectare and environmental economic. The plant symbiotic and organism diversity a perfect understanding role in natural ecosystems can be extremely useful to define recovery strategies of environments that were degraded by human activities (chemical fertilizer). The soil micro-organisms and soil biochemistry matter can use to get healthy and fertile soil for the plant by enhancing the microbial, products and biochemical activity in the soil. And bio-fertilizer technology shares more advantage over other fertilizers and should find greater acceptance by farmers, extension workers and commercial bio-fertilizer manufactures.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Soil Resources Inventory for Sustainable Land Use Planning for Jamuna paar Region of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
    (DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, ALLAHABAD - 211 007, U.P., India, 2018) B. M., MADHU; . David, Dr. Arun A
    A study was undertaken to assess land capability, soil fertility and crop suitability status of Jamuna paar region of central plane zone of Uttar Pradesh. In this area samples were collected from Chaka, Jasra and Karchana blocks, four pedons of each block randomly selected on the basis cropping system, morphological characteristics using google earth image and tehsils map. The soils were moderately to deep soils and soil colour varied from 2.5 YR 4/4 (olive brown) to 10 YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) in moist condition, subsurface horizons of most of the pedons have falling under weak to moderate, fine to medium, and most of the pedons were sub-angular blocky structure. In case of texture of soil belong to sandy clay loam to clay loam. The consistence of soil pedons varied from slightly hard to hard when dry, friable to firm when moist, non sticky to slightly sticky and non plastic to slightly plastic when wet condition and fine to medium roots noticed in the some pedons. The soils were classified up to family level. The exchangeable bases were in the order of Ca2+> Mg2+>Na+> K+. The soils were low in nitrogen and organic carbon, low to medium in phosphorus and sulphur, medium to high in potassium, iron, copper and manganese were sufficient and zinc was deficient. As for the Land capability classification, soil belonged to the class to IIIw, IVwf, and IVwsf lands with limitation of texture, drainage and soil properties. Land suitability evaluation revealed that soils were suitable for wheat, rice, pearl millet, sugarcane, potato, tomato, cabbage, citrus, guava, mango and rose. The actual productivity of soils was average to poor, due to certain limitations. However the potential productivity of soils is good to poor when certain improvement measures are undertaken. The improvement measures are supplementary irrigation, addition of manures and fertilizers, providing drainage and leaching. The coefficient of improvement is 1.85 to 1.96.