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Open Access
ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS’ LENDING TO PRIORITY SECTORS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ALLAHABAD DISTRICT
(JOSEPH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (FORMALLY ALLAHABAD AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE) ALLAHABAD – 211007, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2019) AJAY, DAVID; Joseph, Dr. Sebastian T.
Banks play an important role in every modem economy by providing necessary credit to different sectors. In recent years they have been assigned the responsibility of financing what are called the priority sectors. The word priority sector is used for those segments of the Indian economy whose development is considered essential for the economic growth of the country and attainment of 'social justice', but which had received only indifferent attention from the private sector banks. In the process of development, certain sectors lag behind, but the development of these sectors is essential for accelerating growth. These sectors lag behind because they lack financial resources. In India, agriculture, small scale industries and exports are identified as the priority sectors. Priority sector lending implies priority in the allocation of funds at concessional rate of interest, margins etc., to units of the priority sector identified as such.The priority sector lending includes lending to agriculture (direct and indirect), small scale industries, transport operators, self-employed persons, rural artisans and the weaker sections. In the light of the above, the present study seeks to evaluate the roles of commercial banks’ lending to priority sectors. The objectives of the study includes; 1. To study the modus operandi and the progress of Commercial Banks in Priority Sector Lending. 2. To identify the problems faced by Commercial Banks in lending and recovery of loans in Priority Sector areas. 3. To study how Priority Sector Lending by Commercial Banks has helped the economically weaker sections of the society. And lastly, 4. To suggest ways for improving the quality of lending to this sector. The exploratory and quantitative research designs were engaged for this study and primary data was collected from 500 bank customers and 30 bank officials through an organised questionnaire and also from secondary sources. The Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test the reliability of the data gathered from respondents. The findings of the study revealed that the amount of loans given to the priority sector in the district of Allahabad continues to ii show an increasing trend. Moreover, in spite of the variety of developmental programmes going on in the district, the flow of bank credit is not found to be satisfactory due to several factors such as old fashioned land records, scarcity of labour resulting into high cost of labour, etc. It was further recommended that there is the need to redefine the priority sectors and also resetting priority sector lending targets. There is also the need to provide risk cover to agriculture and making it more attractive to private investors.
Open Access
“Green Marketing and its Impact on Consumer Buying Behaviour in the State of Uttar Pradesh”
(DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS STUDIES JOSEPH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND COMMERCE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY ANDB SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ -211007 (U.P), INDIA, 2019) SRIVASTAVA, SHRAYA; Chandra, Dr. Archana
The purpose of this study is study being the green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behavior in Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, descriptive research design was being used as it is deemed to be the most appropriate, methodology data collection, sampling design, research instrument which was used in this action in this purpose. The target respondents for the study are two sets of people as follows: Users of Green Products in U.P and Non-users of green cosmetic and food products but aware about the concept of green products .The sample size for the Study was 500 who were users of green cosmetic and food products. Questionnaire was the main research instrument was used as it is economical, structured and appropriate to capture primary data to test the hypotheses formed and to answer the research questions. Based on the experience gathered during pilot survey and on analysis of data obtained from the pilot study, the questionnaire was improved in order to collect data during the final survey with maximum factual accuracy, percentage, average and bar diagram was used to explain the facts. On the basis of research analysis done using exploratory factor analysis, huge number of variables used in the study. Concerning the facet - impact of environmental consciousness towards popularity of Green products, factors such as; environmental sense and environmental callousness are the most important. relating to relevance of price towards popularity of green products, factors such as; higher price, price sensitivity and price barrier plays the most important role. In the pretext of studying the innovation of the respondents’ about buying green products, it has been found that new product initiative and experimental attitude are important factors. Regarding involvement in buying green products, factors such as; satisfaction from branded green products and quality are the key contributors. About health consciousness of the respondents in buying green products, factors such as; health sensitivity, health concern, avoid preservative food and food pollution play the most important role. Regarding general factors contributing for the popularity of green products, important factors are; green product knowledge, branded green products, reliability of green, pertaining to general factors impacting green food products, factors such as; green food products’ nutritional taste, green food products are healthier, lack of information and availability of green food products, green food products are safe and expensive and branded green food products’ look and quality impact the respondents’ decision for buying green food products. After identifying the factors using exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression is used to know the important factors which insist buyers to go for green cosmetic products and also find out the impact of psychographic variables on the popularity of green cosmetic products. Concerning the facet – ‘impact of environmental consciousness towards popularity of green cosmetic products’, the factor - ‘users of green cosmetic products to do anything about the environment’ has highest level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. On the other hand, the factor – ‘willing to pay higher prices for water’ has the least level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. Relating to relevance of price towards popularity of green cosmetic products, factors such as, ‘Users of Green Cosmetic Products don’t mind spending a lot of money to buy a Green Cosmetic product’ has highest level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. The factor – ‘Users of Greessn Cosmetic Products know that a new kind of green cosmetic product is likely to be more expensive than older ones, but that does not matter to them’ has least level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. In the pretext of studying the innovation of the consumers about buying green cosmetic products, it has been found that ‘users of green cosmetic products like to take a chance in buying new products’ has highest level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. But, the factor ‘users of green cosmetic products like to try new and different products’ has the least level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. Regarding involvement in buying process while buying green cosmetic products, the factor ‘users of green cosmetic products select the green cosmetic products very carefully’ has highest level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. Similarly the variable – ‘One can tell a lot about a person from whether they buy green cosmetic products’ has the least level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. About health consciousness of the respondents in buying green products, ‘users of green cosmetic products are concerned about their drinking water quality’ has highest level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. Similarly, the factor – ‘users of green cosmetic products are interested in information about their health’ has the least level of impact on preferring green cosmetic products. After identifying the factors, like green cosmetic products, multiple regressions is used to know important factors which insist buyers to go for green food products and also find out the impact of psychographic variables on the popularity of green Food products. In the epoch of globalization, it's become a challenge to stay the shoppers in fold and even keep our natural surroundings safe which is that the biggest need of the time. Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed particular importance in the modern market and has emerged as an important concept in U.P. is seen as an important strategy of facilitating sustainable development
Open Access
SOCIAL NETWORK MARKETING AND IT’S IMPACT ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION
(Department of Joseph School of Business Studies SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, NAINI, ALLAHABAD, U.P.-211007, 2019) Tripathi, Shashank; Badugu, Dr. Devaraj
Social networks marketing– often called online marketing or digital marketing is essentially any marketing activity that is conducted online through the use of internet technologies. Internet marketing can be simply defined as achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. It is the application of Internet and related digital technologies in conjunction with traditional communications to achieve marketing objectives. It comprises not only advertising that is shown on websites, but also other kinds of online activities like email and social networking. Every aspect of internet marketing is digital, meaning that it is electronic information that is transmitted on a computer or similar device, though naturally it can tie in with traditional offline advertising and sales too. Although the relative importance of the internet marketing for an organization still largely depends on the nature of its products and services and the buying behaviour of its target audience, there has been a global dramatic change in media consumption over the last ten years towards digital media which means that the internet is becoming important for all categories More than 20 per cent of Internet users in several countries already buy products and services online (while more than 30 per cent of Indian net users regularly buy online. These developments are gradually transforming ecommerce into a mainstream business activity while at the same time, online consumers are maturing and virtual vendors realize the importance and urgency for a professional and customer-oriented approach. Yet the Internet meltdown at the end of the 1990s and plenty of more recent anecdotal and empirical evidences indicate that many online firms still do not completely understand the needs and behaviours of the online consumer while they sell products online. As in the case of traditional marketing in the past, most of the recent research and debate is focused on the identification and analysis of factors that one way or another can influence or even shape the online consumer’s behaviour a good deal of research effort is focused on modelling the online buying and Decision-making process.
Open Access
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR
(DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JOSEPH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, ALLAHABAD-211007, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2019) DUBEY, NEERAJ; Sinha, Dr. Richa
Consumer Buying Behaviors are the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using products. Consumer Buying Behavior refers to the buying behavior of their ultimate consumer related with the market segment. A retailer needs to analyze buying behavior for: • Buyer’s reactions with respect to a retail stores. • The marketing concept stress or emphasize that a retailer should create a Marketing Mix (MM) that satisfies customers. • Retailers can better predict how consumers will respond or react to the marketing strategies of a retailer. Consumer Buying Process Stages There are Six Stages for the complex Buying Decision Process. (1)Problem Recognition (Need Awareness) (2)Information search-- A. Internal sources. B.External sources (3)Evaluation of Alternatives (4)Purchase decision (5)Purchase (6)Post-Purchase Evaluation. The studies were conducted in the city of Allahabad. The retail stores undertaken for the study were: 1. Big Bazaar 2. Vishal Mega Mart 3. Spencer’s The study used questionnaire to collect the primary data from the retail stores .There were 270 respondents. Who were visited the retail stores taken for the study. Convenience sampling technique was used with the help of Statistical tools like measures of Central Tendency, Percentages and ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis of data. On the basis of data analysis. The researcher comes to know that the retailers should seek to sell products that can satisfy the buyer’s needs and wants. The layouts of Retail stores promote the sales in the store. Retail store’s layouts helps the customers to do their shopping feasible, comfortable and in a very safe environment under a single roof.
Open Access
MARKETING MIX STRATEGIES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF ORGANIZED RETAIL CHAIN IN ALLAHABAD, INDIA
(Department of Business Studies Joseph School of Business Studies & Commerce Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences Naini, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India -211007, 2019) JOSHI, AJAY; Mani, Dr. Ronald V.
Retail industries are gaining popularity very quickly in few decades, lots of examiner and big business player busy in this sector should pay special attention to the huge growth of this sector. The present study aims to determining the factors which constituting customer satisfaction at retail stores in Allahabad city. Customer satisfaction in this sector can be an essential sign of how well the stores are meeting the expectations of the customer‟s requirements. The reason of the study is to identify the factor constituting to the customer satisfaction and to investigate their behaviour and its perception towards organized retail outlets, to identify the behaviour of the customers purchasing in organized retail outlets, and to study about the future prospective of organized retail outlet in the Allahabad city. Customers of these four big retail chain stores have been interviewed for the study. Customer satisfaction is the most important factors for any industry and its growth. While buying a product in the market or at any retail chain or supermarket, the most important factor that drives the sale of the product is the purchasing power of the customer. The word “customer” cannot be just considered according to the one who buys but according to the one who is consumer. There are customer belonging to the different workgroups and segments and thus differs their buying capacity. An organized retail chain must be able to cater the needs of all the segments of the society and provided huge range of products having different variants and costs. It should satisfy each and every customer walking in the store and the stores must be able to calculate its sale with the number of walk-ins. To follow the principal of marketing, the retail chain must be free from bias to cost and segments. Variety of ranges starting from lowest to the highest must be available to satisfy the needs and demands of its customers. A total of 400 questionnaires have been randomly spread to retail customer. The analysis of the result suggests the level xix of customer satisfaction in term of services provided by organized retail outlets in Allahabad city
Open Access
ROLE OF MICROFINANCE TO REDUCE POVERTY IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH
(JOSEPH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES & COMMERCE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ (U.P) - 211007, 2018) Sharma, Dipti; Mani, Dr. Ronald V.
Open Access
An analysis of consumer purchase behaviour towards hatchback segment of passenger cars with special reference to Uttar Pradesh (EAST).
(DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JOSEPH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES,, 2018) Tariq, Osama; Sinha, Dr. Richa
In current times, all the activities of a marketing organisation revolves around the consumer unlikely what used to happen two decades ago when product was the centre of all marketing activities. Hence understanding the psychology of consumers became one of the most important task for the marketing managers/strategists of every organisation as it will pave the way for their success in the market. Understanding of consumer behaviour is important for any organisation before launching a product. If the marketing mechanism of the organisation failed to analyse what kind of product and product features and facilities a consumer want then the response of the consumer regarding the product may or may not be satisfactory and the organisation may suffer a product failure resulting in losses. The Indian Automobile Industry is in no way untouched by this changing attitude of the consumers. The Indian car market has, throughout the last two decades evolved itself into one of the major market in the world. The research study starts by studying the theories of consumer market segmentation with a hybrid and dynamic aspect. In India, a car purchase is still considered a sign of a successful person in the eyes of society. Added to that a car purchase decision is considered to be of vital importance as most of the times it is a long term decision and the car purchased will be in use for an average of seven years. Hence consumers try to select that car which can serve their purpose (job requirement, family requirement or social status) for a longer span of time. Also with the cost involved with the purchase, the consumer becomes extra cautious as to what he/she is going to buy and hence the alternatives and choices are scanned very minutely and a decision is made up. The research is aimed to study the buying behaviour of consumer and the automobile industry in detail. The study dealt with the demographic, geographic [vi] &psychographic characteristics of the consumer in buying the car. It also covered the various parameters that consumer focuses upon while buying a hatchback car, which will help us lead to identifying and understanding the behaviour of consumers while purchasing a car. It will also help the automobile companies in identifying the factors which need to be more focused upon in the hatchback car segment and how the various segments of consumer behaviour act in different condition at the same place even when apparently the two consumers/buyers appears to be from the same walks of life. The research is carried out in the eastern area of Uttar Pradesh. The state is having the largest population in India and is considered as one of the major markets in the country. The problem of the study is to find out and explore the impact of various different factors and the differentiating parameters with which the consumer judge a car before buying in an apparently homogeneous and synchronized car market. The main objectives of the study for the study are :-  To study the various factors affecting the consumer car purchase behaviour.  To examine the relationship between demographic variables and product features and attributes.  To study the various product attributes that affect consumer behaviour towards purchase of hatchback cars on his/her personal end or at the end of the car dealer The hypotheses formed for the study are:- Hypothesis 1 There is a significant relationship in between demographic variables and usage of the car. Hypothesis 2 There is a significant relationship in demographic variables of respondents and the hatchback car attributes. [vii] Hypothesis 3 There is a significant relationship in between the decision of purchase made by the respondent and extent of influence of social groups. Hypothesis 4 There is a significant relationship in between the Product Attributes and the overall satisfaction of the consumer. The major findings of the research studies carried out was that as the Indian automobile market (speaking in context to Uttar Pradesh east) is expanding there is a wide scope for acceptability of new products and enhanced features at a slightly higher cost meaning that the consumer is willing to pay for his/her requirements as well as for some added benefit the automobile company can give along with th product. Moreover owning of a car is treated as the next important thing after a house. The hatchback segment is not only now treated as the entry segment car but also as a car which can fulfil the need of an average family. The pressure point in between the consumer and the car manufactures are:- Economical Price, Technologically Loaded, Long warranty, Comfort, Customer Satisfaction, Better Finance Services, Service Centre amicability etc. The conclusion of the research is that there is still vast chances of development in the hatchback segment as the market is right now in the growth phase. Unlike the past decade banks and financial institutions were not so liberal in giving out finances to the buyers so easily. Some professions do require the need of car in real. And because of the congested city roads people tend to buy a hatchback car for its navigation feasibility, easy to maintain, low on the budget, fuel efficiency, compact, easily available spares. Hence the sales of hatchback car have soared up in the past decade and the climb is still steady. As found in the study, many youngsters who have started earning recently (experience 1 years to 10 years), they want to have a car of their own as having a [viii] car in our society is understood as the person is a good earner, has settled and is in a good position. Plus the enthusiasm for them is like a kid having a toy. So they look out for a car that fulfills their need and as in most cases their budget is on the low side. Thus the scope for hatchback car segment is in its initial phase with growing population, narrower roads, easy maneuverability, low maintenance cost, occupying smaller road space the hatchback is the car of future generations who wish to use it in cities.
Open Access
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP THROUGH TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A STUDY IN DELHI/NCR REGION
(JOSEPH COLLEGE OF BUSINESS STUDIES, SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE NAINI, ALLAHABAD U.P. 211007, 2017) MISHRA, CHANDRA BHANU; Badugu, Dr. Devraj
This thesis aims at studying antecedents of technological educational leadership through technology in Higher education. It also aims at identifying the need for changes in management practices and education/structural factors for better education. Another objective of the study is to evolve a model for technological educational leadership through technology, which can serve as a guiding framework for better education within India. Review of literature has identified important dimensions characterizing internal environment for educational leadership through technology. These areas are: (i) risk-taking, (ii) management support, (iii) rewards, (iv) work discretion provided to the teachers, (v) use of information communication technology (ICT), (vi) education’s innovative practices (x) education’s vision. Education level challenges in these areas have also been identified. The technological educational leadership through technology have been measured in terms of new education environment and innovativeness within India. Based on the literature survey, a conceptual model for technological educational leadership through technology has been evolved. The study variables have been identified and relevant constructs have also been defined. Research hypotheses have been framed for each of these areas for the study. The study is divided in three phases, namely the pilot/empirical study, questionnaire based survey study for evolution of model for technological educational leadership through technology, and case studies of select educations in India to verify and further refine the model. The empirical/pilot study has been carried out with purposive sample of four educations from two different sectors, namely, education and services v sectors. The questionnaire-based survey has been carried out for educations in Delhi/NCR region. The unit of analysis is the education and teaching/service/student initiatives undertaken by India. The questionnaire was developed through the inputs from the literature survey and the empirical case studies. After establishing the reliability of the questionnaire, it was mailed to various educations selected through snowball sampling technique. About 291 responses were obtained from 39higher educational institutes from Delhi/NCR region. The qualitative data collected through questionnaire survey has been validated for its constructs. Statistical analysis has been carried out for testing the research hypotheses. The conceptual model of technological educational leadership through technology , evolved on the basis of literature survey has been empirically tested through bivariate and multivariate analysis of the responses received through the survey study. In the pilot study, the four case studies have been studied including Bharati Vidyapeeth University and others. The cases have been prepared using interview and observations methods for four educations. These B-educations and higher secondary educations were selected on the basis of number of innovative and technological initiatives undertaken by these educations. The cases were exhaustively presented and the learning challenges have been evolved. The learnings from questionnaire survey and case studies have been synthesized and the validated model for educational leadership through technology has been presented. The limitations of the study are outlined and specific suggestions have been made regarding possible future extensions of research work reported in this thesis. It is hoped that this research may guide India in educational leadership through technology in a more efficient manner and new frontiers of education for the masses.
Open Access
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP THROUGH TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A STUDY IN DELHI/NCR REGION
(JOSEPH COLLEGE OF BUSINESS STUDIES, SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE NAINI, ALLAHABAD U.P. 211007, 2017) MISHRA, CHANDRA BHANU; Badugu, Dr. Devraj
This thesis aims at studying antecedents of technological educational leadership through technology in Higher education. It also aims at identifying the need for changes in management practices and education/structural factors for better education. Another objective of the study is to evolve a model for technological educational leadership through technology, which can serve as a guiding framework for better education within India. Review of literature has identified important dimensions characterizing internal environment for educational leadership through technology. These areas are: (i) risk-taking, (ii) management support, (iii) rewards, (iv) work discretion provided to the teachers, (v) use of information communication technology (ICT), (vi) education’s innovative practices (x) education’s vision. Education level challenges in these areas have also been identified. The technological educational leadership through technology have been measured in terms of new education environment and innovativeness within India. Based on the literature survey, a conceptual model for technological educational leadership through technology has been evolved. The study variables have been identified and relevant constructs have also been defined. Research hypotheses have been framed for each of these areas for the study. The study is divided in three phases, namely the pilot/empirical study, questionnaire based survey study for evolution of model for technological educational leadership through technology, and case studies of select educations in India to verify and further refine the model. The empirical/pilot study has been carried out with purposive sample of four educations from two different sectors, namely, education and services v sectors. The questionnaire-based survey has been carried out for educations in Delhi/NCR region. The unit of analysis is the education and teaching/service/student initiatives undertaken by India. The questionnaire was developed through the inputs from the literature survey and the empirical case studies. After establishing the reliability of the questionnaire, it was mailed to various educations selected through snowball sampling technique. About 291 responses were obtained from 39higher educational institutes from Delhi/NCR region. The qualitative data collected through questionnaire survey has been validated for its constructs. Statistical analysis has been carried out for testing the research hypotheses. The conceptual model of technological educational leadership through technology , evolved on the basis of literature survey has been empirically tested through bivariate and multivariate analysis of the responses received through the survey study. In the pilot study, the four case studies have been studied including Bharati Vidyapeeth University and others. The cases have been prepared using interview and observations methods for four educations. These B-educations and higher secondary educations were selected on the basis of number of innovative and technological initiatives undertaken by these educations. The cases were exhaustively presented and the learning challenges have been evolved. The learnings from questionnaire survey and case studies have been synthesized and the validated model for educational leadership through technology has been presented. The limitations of the study are outlined and specific suggestions have been made regarding possible future extensions of research work reported in this thesis. It is hoped that this research may guide India in educational leadership through technology in a more efficient manner and new frontiers of education for the masses

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