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ThesisItem Open Access Phyto Diversity and Utilization of Forest Resource in District Agra, Uttar Pradesh(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HAGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES Prayagraj (Allahabad) U.P, 2019) Kumar, Brajesh; Khare, Dr. NeelamThe present investigation entitled “Phyto Diversity and Utilization of Forest Resource in District Agra, Uttar Pradesh” was conducted to study the extensive and intensive surveys for ethno- botanical plants and itsutilization. Phytosociology aspects of important forest vegetation were find to study the distribution and diversity of Agra forest area at four different site viz.Mau forest, Taj nature walk, Kitham lake (Raunakata) and Chambal safari (Bahpinahat Agra) during the period 2016 and 2017. The ethno-botanical studies of Agra forest revealed that over182 species are the basis of livelihoods of Agra community. These species belong to covering 36 trees, 21 shrubs, 125 herbs. This implies that the economic potential of the plant resources of the region is very low and the no probability of discovering a new drug or product of industrial values through biotechnological approach is extremely low. The investigation study is an attempt to assess the analyzing the each species, it was found The highest IVI, RD, RDM, RF, Basal area, Frequency (F), Density (D), Abundance (A) of tree is recorded Mau forest (Site-I)prosopisjuliflora. The highest Richness (Magurran), Diversity, Richness (Margalaf), Eveness, Equitability (e), Alpha diversity of tree is recorded Taj nature walk (Site-II). The highest Conc. Dominancecd (cd) of tree is recorded Mau forest (Site-I) with (0.80). The highest Beta diversity of tree is recorded Kitham lake (Raunakata) (Site-III) (Site 3 vs site4: 13). The Gama diversity of Tree in all over District Agra 36. It was found the highest diversity of tree, Shrub, Herb (2016), Herb (2017). The highest diversity of tree is recorded Taj nature walk has with (2.11). The highest diversity of Shrub is recorded Kitham lake (Raunakata) has with (2.08).The highest diversity of Herb (2016) is recorded Kitham lake (Raunakata) has with (2.01). The highest diversity of Herb (2017) is recorded Taj nature walk has with (2.06).ThesisItem Open Access “A STUDY ON BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY IN PRAYAGRAJ DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA”(DEPARTMENT OF FOREST BIOLOGY, TREE IMPROVEMENT AND WILDLIFE SCIENCES COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGYAND SCIENCES, PRAYAGRAJ, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2019) MOHAMMED, ABDULLAHI; Larkin, Dr. AmitA study on butterfly diversity was carried out in Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh, India. After selected three sites in the study area for the surveyed of butterflies namely Company Bagh, SHUATS campus and Kushro Bagh, a total of 316 individuals and 21 species of butterfly belong to 4 families were recorded during the study period. Nymphalidae was the richest family that comprised (9 and 43%) of the total species of butterfly recorded in the study area followed by Pieridae (6 and 29%), Papilionidae and Lycaenidae families were the lowest (3 and 14%) each respectively. Maximum number of butterflies were observed in Company Bagh (114) followed by SHUATS campus (107) and minimum in Kushro Bagh (95) respectively. Among the species of butterfly observed in the study area, 4 of them were abundantly and 2 species were common while 8 numbers of the species of butterfly were less common. In addition 7 numbers of the species of butterfly were occasionally. The Simpson Index and Simpson Index of Diversity was found highest in Company Bagh (0.2 and 0.8) followed by SHUATS campus (0.3 and 0.7) and Kushro Bagh (0.4 and 0.6) respectively. The study area is rich in butterfly diversity and also, the studies equally revealed baseline information and knowledge regarding the local species of butterfly that can helps conservationist and policy makers for the conservation of butterflies from environmental changes in order to provide adequate pollination to the available plants, more especially food crops and related for increasing their yield in the area. Further research could be conducted to obtain more details and documentation on butterfly diversity for the conservation and butterfly parks.ThesisItem Open Access Monitoring of Reproductive Biology of Cassia fistula L.(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ (ALLAHABAD)-211007, U.P., INDIA, 2019) KONYA, ANGIN N.; Wani, DR. Afaq MajidThesisItem Open Access “EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PRIMING METHOD ON DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES UNDER DRUMSTICK (Moringa oleifera) BASED AGROFORESTRY(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES NAINI, PRAYAGRAJ, 2019) PATEL, MOHIT; Khare, Dr. NeelamThesisItem Open Access Allelopathic Effect of Jatropha Leaf Leachate on Growth and Yield of Tomato and Pea(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ(ALLAHABAD)– 211007 (U. P.) INDIA, 2019) SANGTAM, ARILA W.; Umrao, Dr. RajivThe experimental study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Jatropha curcas on two vegetable crops tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and pea (Pisum sativum). Fresh leaves of Jatropha were collected, sundried and soaked for 24 hrs; the filtrate was diluted with tap water to make different concentrations. There were five treatments viz., T0 (tap water); T1 (25% concentration); T2 (50% concentration); T3 (75% concentration); T4 (100% concentration). The experiments were laid out in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Leaf leachates of Jatropha curcas at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on seed germination and growth parameters of test crops in open field condition. Germination was significantly higher in tomato and pea when they were treated with 25 % and 50% concentration. Similarly, the gross return, net return and higher cost: benefit ratio was reported maximum when the crops were treated with 25% and 50% concentration. The results showed that allelochemical stress caused by Jatropha curcas aqueous was much pronounced in 100% concentration i.e. T4 in both Tomato and Pea. From this we can predict that Jatropha curcas might possess allelochemicals that causes both suppressive and stimulatory ability.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY OF PLANT SPECIES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN NONGKHYLLEM RESERVED FOREST OF MEGHALAYA(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ-211007(U.P), 2019) Marbaniang, Givenson; Deniel, Dr. SameerThe exploration and survey for diversity of plant species of Nongkhyllem Reserved Forest, Meghalaya was conducted during 2018-2019 for 6 compartments (3 compartment from each range) viz, Umtasor range (compartment 7A,7B,5B) and Nongpoh Range (compartment 1C,1B,1A). The methodology followed the quantitative analysis and use of phytosociological aspects between the species. Quadrate size 200m2 for trees and 100m2 for shrubs were used and herbariums were made for every species specimen collected. The result of the present study of the 6 compartments surveyed recorded 64 species of treesbelonging to 36 familiesand 18 species of shrubs belonging to 12 families. The number of middle storey tree composed of small trees 8- 15 m tall predominate the compartments in the reserved forest compared to the top canopy exhibiting heights ranging 20-30 m tall. The basal area of trees was higher in Umtasor range than Nongpoh range of the Reserve Forest. In terms of IVI, Ficus altissima Bl. was found to be the most dominant tree species and Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees in Wall was found to be the most dominant shrub species at Umtasor range. While, Tectona grandis Linn..was found to be the most dominant tree species and Dendrocnide sinuata (Bl.) was found to be the most dominant shrub species at Nongpoh range. On comparison of the results of the phytosociological aspects of compartments of both ranges, it concluded that compartment 5B showed the highest values for Shannon - Weiner diversity index (H') (2.89) for tree species, While compartment 7B showed the highest values for Shannon - Weiner diversity index (H') (2.04) for shrub species.The importance for quantitative analysis of diversity and phytosociological attributes of tree species recorded from the present study may provide baseline information for formulating a working plan for conservation and management strategies for the reserved forest.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND SEEDLING QUALITY OF SELECTED TREE SPECIES UNDER NURSERY CONDITION(DEPARTMENT OF FOREST PRODUCTS AND UTILIZATION COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,TECHNOLOGY& SCIENCES, PRAYAGRAJ, 2019) IBRAHIM, YAKUBU; Kumar, Dr. HemantThesisItem Open Access TREE VOLUME EQUATION FOR Populus deltoides (POPLAR) AND Tectona grandis (TEAK)(College Of Forestry Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (Formerly Prayagraj Agricultural Institute) Prayagraj, UP, 2019) Suleiman, Aminu Abdulhamid; Deniel, Dr. SameerTrees are the most important component of Agroforestry, they provide, shelter, food, nutrient for soil and fodder for animals. The poplar and teak tree species have an important commercial value and can make an important contribution to the country`s economy. Tree volume equations were developed for prediction and estimation of merchantable volume in the study area. Data were collected with the aid of Haga altimeter, Meter tape and Calliper. The measurement obtain were the diameter at breast height (D.B.H), diameter at base, diameter at top and merchantable height. Merchantable volume was calculated with the aid Newton’s formula. Data collected were subjected to Microsoft excel and SSPS for statistical analysis. Eight linear and non linear (logarithmic) models were developed for estimation prediction of tree merchantable volume. A diameter at breast height (D.B.H) for poplar trees species ranged from 0.08 to 0.43m, merchantable height ranged from 2.2 to 19.8m while the merchantable volume ranged from 0.02 to 1.141m3. The diameter at breast height for teak ranged from 0.08 to 0.3m, merchantable height ranged from 6.90 to 22.10m. Linear and the non linear (Schumacher–Hall’s volume) models developed was fitted to the data for each of the species. Coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 77 to 99% for poplar and 50 to 99% for teak. The statistical indices indicated that the resulting models possessed all the statistical assumption. The Schumacher–Hall’s volume was rated the best among the eight developed models. The resulting equation were tested for validation with data collected from different location and it was discovered that the models did not violet the statistical assumption. This suggests that the models are desirable for merchantable volume estimation in the study area.ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF VIABLE PROTOCOL FOR IN VITRO AND IN VIVO PROPAGATION OF Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde(COLLEGE OF FORESTRY SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, PRAYAGRAJ, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA – 211007 2018, 2018) ROUT, SANDEEP; KHARE, Dr. NEELAMThe study on ―Standardization of viable protocol for in vitro and in vivo propagation of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde‖ was carried out during 2015-17 at Biotechnology-Cum-Tissue Culture Centre, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The study revealed that profuse callusing was observed in the leaf segments followed by Shoot tip and Node portion. Leaf segment explant surface sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 15 Min. + 1% NaOCl for 2 Min reduced the percentage of fungal infection (6.67) in the similar treatment higher percentage of survival (93.33) were recorded. MS media fortified with BAP 2.0 mg/l and 2,4-D 2.0 mg/l significantly reduced the days for the callus initiation (36.33), maximum callus percentage (86.67) and callus spread (2.63×1.00 cm) in leaf segment explants. B5 medium fortified with BAP 2.0 mg/l and NAA 0.5 mg/l reduced the days for callus initiation (31.33), higher callusing percentage (66.67) in medium fortified with BAP 2.0 mg/l and 2,4-D 5.0 mg/l in shoot tip explants. Nodal explants cultured in B5 media supplemented with BAP 2.0 mg/l and 2,4-D 5.0 mg/l significantly reduced the days for callus initiation (31.67), maximum callusing percentage (56.67). Shoot initiation and proliferation of Ashoka (Saraca asoca Roxb. De wilde.) in MS media fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP enhanced the days for shoot initiation (23.33) at 45 Days of culture. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP recorded maximum shooting percentage (83.33), shoot number (3.67) in leaf segment callus. MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg/l Kn significantly enhanced the days for shoot initiation (30.67), maximum percentage of shooting (2.00) was recorded in MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg/l Kn. Leaf segment callus cultured in B5 medium fortified with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA enhanced the days for shoot initiation (21.33) after 45 days of culture, maximum shooting percentage (86.66), number of shoot (10.33) in the similar treatment. Nodal explants cultured in B5 medium fortified with BAP significantly enhanced the days for shoot initiation (37.00) after 45 days of culture, maximum shooting percentage (46.67) and number of shoot (2.00) in the similar treatment. Shoot obtained from the different explants callus and node explants degenerated upon cultured on rooting media and turned brown, in this study the shoot failed to induced root in all treatment irrespective of the kind of cytoinin, auxins and its concentrations. Since the shoot degenerated so there is no hardening stage in any of the culture. In vivo propagation of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde. Carried out with IBA, IAA and NAA different concentrations (100, 300, 500, 800 and control) for rooting, cutting treated with NAA (800 ppm) gave the maximum sprouting (80%). Rooting percentage was found maximum (56.66%) in cutting of treated with 800 ppm NAA, number of branches (4.66), number of leaves was found maximum in (16.00) in treated cuttings, number of root (4.66), root length (16.33 cm), fresh biomass (13.37 g) and dry biomass (6.38 g) after 30 days of planting. Seeds of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde pre treated with gibberellic acid (100, 200, 300, 400 ppm, and a control). The maximum germination percentage (56.67) was recorded at T3 (GA3 200 ppm), mean daily germination of (0.94), maximum peak value (1.21), maximum germination value (1.46) recorded in 200 ppm GA3. The maximum plant height of 22.67, 28.33 and 30.33 cm recorded under T3 (200 ppm GA3) at 60, 90 and 120 DAS. The maximum number of leaves (17.00, 20.67 and 22.67 leaves per seedling) was recorded in 60, 90 and 120 days. Maximum number of branches (4.67) per seedling was recorded at 120 Days. Maximum root length (22.00 cm) was recorded under treatment T3 (GA3 200 ppm) at 120 days. Maximum fresh weight (14.77 g) and dry weight of seedling (4.19 g) was recorded under similar treatment.