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ThesisItem Open Access Management and Biochemical Studies on Cercospora Leaf Spot of Mothbean Incited by Cercospora canescens Ellis and Martin(Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner (Rajasthan), 2020) RAKESH KUMAR; A.K. MeenaMothbean, Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal is a short-day crop is one of the most drought resistant pulses in India and mainly in Rajasthan. It is commonly called mat, moth, matki in Hindi, Turkish gram, aconite bean or dew bean (English), Kheri (Bengali), Kunkuma (Telgu), Math (Gujrathi), Madike (Kannada), Tulkapulpyrai (Tamil) and Bhioni (Punjabi). It is generally cultivated in hot and dry habitats of Northern- Western parts of India. It is grown for human consumption and also used in many industries. Mothbean is native to India, Myanmar and Pakistan, where it grows as a wild and cultivated plant. However, it is also grown in other parts of Africa, Asia, the United States, Australia, Cuba and Thailand. Ecologically, mothbean is an annual legume crop of dry and warm habitats and is characterized as the most drought hardy annual legume in arid regions. Mothbean with deep and quick penetrating rooting system, can survive up to 30-40 days in open fields (Kumar D, 2002). It has ability to grow under harsh climate, low rainfall and poor & sandy soil conditions and considered as most important pulse crop of arid Rajasthan (Sharma and Ratnoo, 2014).ThesisItem Open Access Management and Biochemical Studies on Early Leaf Spot of Groundnut Incited by Cercospora arachidicola Hori.(College of Agriculture, Bikaner Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner (Rajasthan), 2020) VIKASH KUMAR; Narendra SinghGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) also known as peanut or earthnut which belongs to the sub family Papilionaceae of the family Leguminosae. It is an annual legume native to South America. The Portuguese apparently introduced it to west Africa and then to south western India in the 16 th century from Brazil. It is now grown in most tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate regions of the world between 40° North and 40° South latitudes. Groundnut is unique among all the leguminous crops and designated as “wonder legume” in that after flowering, fertilization and fruit set, the pegs (Gynophores) elongate and penetrate the soil (positively geotropic) where the fruit enlarge and matures (Basu and Singh, 2004).ThesisItem Open Access Response of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) to Sulphur and Zinc in Hyper Arid Region of Rajasthan(College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2023) MANGLA RAM JAT; A. S. GodaraSpices have an important place in agricultural commodities,which have been considered essential for the enhancing taste of fooditems since ancient times. Some are used in pharmaceuticals,perfumery, cosmetics and many other industries, and others are alsoused as colour pigments, preservatives, antioxidants, antiseptics andantibiotics. Moreover, spices also play an important role in India'snational economy; because India is the largest producer, consumerand exporter of seed spices in the world. Rajasthan and Gujarat haveemerged as "seed spice bowl" and both states contribute more than80 per cent of total seed spices produced in the country. Seed spicesare annual and seasonal herbs, whose dried seeds or fruits are usedas spices. Most of the seed spices are low volume high value cropswhich are predominantly comprised of coriander, cumin, fenugreekand fennel and a few minor seed spices such as ajwain, dill, anise,nigella, caraway and celery. India is the leading country in seed spicesproduction and contributes about 80 per cent of the world's productionof seed spices. In India, seed spices are mainly cultivated on a totalarea of 2.18 m ha with an annual production of 2.03 m ton andproductivity of 0.93 metric tonnes per hectare (Malhotra, et al., 2021).ThesisItem Open Access Management of Major Sucking Insect Pests of Cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.](College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2021) GOPAL CHOUDHARY; B.S. MitharwalCluster bean, [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, (L.) Taub.] commonly known as guar, is an important drought hardy leguminous crop of arid and semi-arid areas. It is grown for various purposes, viz., vegetable, green fodder, green manuring and seed. Now-a-days, it has acquired the status of industrial crop because of high galacto-manan content (gum) in the endosperm of its seed (28-33 %) which has multiple industrial uses, viz., textiles, paper, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, food processing, cosmetics, mining explosives, oil drilling etc. thus making it a main foreign exchange earner. Being a leguminous crop, its primary use is in soil health enrichment through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, on average basis it has been estimated that it may fix nearly 30 kg N ha -1 . Further, more the plant has a tendency to shed most of the leaves at the time of maturity, it also increases the organic carbon in the soil which also elevate organic carbon level that is the major concern under the arid areas. Young pods of cluster bean are used as vegetables for human being. It is a rich source of vitamin A, calcium, iron, phosphorous and ascorbic acid for human being and animals. Cluster bean provides very palatable and nutritious fodder as a guar meal (feed) to the animals. It is a rich source of protein but low in TDN values. Cluster bean fodder contains about 16-20 per cent crude protein, 46 per cent TDN, 11-13 per cent DCP and more than 70 per cent digestibility on dry matter basis.ThesisItem Open Access Population Dynamics and Management of Major Sucking Pests of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench](College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2021) DEENDYAL SAINI; S. K. YadavVegetables are important sources of many nutrients. Among the vegetables okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] belongs to family Malvaceae is also known as lady finger, gumbo, or bhindi, is an important vegetable crop of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The crop can be grown throughout the year and commonly cultivated in Kharif and summer season. It is native of tropical Africa. Okra is a multipurpose crop valued for its tender and delicious pods. In West Africa, leaves, buds, and flowers of okra are also consumed. Okra is a very good source of dietary fibre, magnesium, manganese, potassium, vitamin K, vitamin C (30mg/100g), B1, and B6, and folate (1.5mg/100g). Studies have indicated that okra is also rich in bioactive components, such as flavonoids, especially quercetin and phytosterols. The okra seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, which is essential for human nutrition. Okra dry seeds contain 18–20% oil and 20–23% crude protein. Okra is beneficial for health by benefiting in diabetes and cancers (Aykroyd, 1963).ThesisItem Open Access Response of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to Different Sources of Phosphorus and Levels of bSulphur in Arid Western Rajasthan(College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2022) ANURADHA YADAV; Amit KumawatPulses are the important source of dietary protein and have exclusive properties of sustaining and restoring soil fertility and increase biological value of protein. Chickpea (Cicer arietimum L.) belongs to family fabaceae originated in south eastern turkey and derived from the greek word „kikus‟ meaning force or strength. Chickpea is mostly consumed in the form of processed whole seed and dal but also used for preparing a variety of snacks, sweets and condiments which are very useful for stomach ailments and blood purification (Singh et al., 2018). India is the largest producer and acreage holder of chickpea in the world. In India, it is cultivated in 10.56 million hectares with an annual production of 11.23 million tonnes with productivity of 1063 kg ha -1 (Anonymous, 2020-21a). It is extensively cultivated in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. In Rajasthan, the crop occupied 15.97 lakh hectares and produced 18.67 lakh tonnes with the productivity of 1169 kg ha -1 (Anonmyous, 2020-21b). Bikaner, Sri Ganganager, Hanumangarh, Churu, Jhunjhunu, Jaisalmer, Rajasamand, Nagaur, Tonk, SawaiMadhopur, Jodhpur, Bhilwara, Jaipur and Jhalawar are important chickpea growing districts of Rajasthan. It contains 18-22 per cent protein, 52-70 per cent carbohydrate, 4-10 per cent fat and sufficient quantity of minerals, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins. Besides, it is also important for sustainable agriculture as it improves the physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil. Its deep roots also open the soil, which ensure better aeration and heavy leaf drop increases the organic matter content in soil. It can fix about 25-30 kg N ha -1 through symbiosis and these minimize dependency on chemical fertilizers (Reddy and Reddy, 2005). Thus, chickpea plays a vital role in improving the soil health. Production of chickpea is limited by lack of plant nutrient available in the soil, because majority of our farmers hardly use any manure or fertilizer for legume cultivation. However, there is a possibility to enhance the productivity through optimum fertilization and management, as there is a wide gap between the average yield and yield potential of crop. Plant nutrient, suitable cultivars and correct fertilizer have significant effect on yield and yield component (Khan et al., 2005).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Different Shade Net Colour and Intensity on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in Western Rajasthan(College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, 2021) ANITA SAINI; R.S. RathoreVegetables are key sources of many nutrients, including potassium, dietary fiber, folate (folic acid), vitamin A, and vitamin C. Among the vegetable crops tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is 2 nd most important vegetable crop after potato. It belongs to family Solanaceae. In India, it is grown throughout the year particularly in the vicinity of cities. Tomato is an important “protective food” because of its special nutritive value and versatile wide uses. It is eat up as ripe as well as in green stage. Green tomatoes are consumed as cooked vegetables and also used for pickles. Ripe tomatoes are used for making soup, juice, ketchup, sauce, puree, salad, chutney and many other products. It is an important crop for processing industry and canned vegetable tomato, top in the list amongst the processed products. Tomato fruits are rich source of carbohydrate (3.63 g), protein (0.9 g), vitamin A (585 IU), vitamin C (26 mg), starch (0.6-1.2 %), minerals like calcium (48 mg) iron (0.4 mg) and phosphorus (0.2- 0.8 g) per 100 gram of edible portion (Aykroyd, 1963) . It is known as “the poor man`s orange”. It not only possesses medicinal properties but also said to be excellent blood purifier. Pulp and juice of tomato are digestible and promoter of gastric secretions.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Mycorrhiza and Iron Fertilization on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br.] in Arid Region(COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SWAMI KESHWANAND RAJASTHAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER- 334006, 2020) KANTA; S. M. KumawatPearl millet is well adapted to production systems characterized by drought, low soil fertility, and high temperature. Pearl millet is grown as summer crop in southern parts and also grown as kharif crop in northern parts of the country. It is a C 4 plant species which has high photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter production ability. It is a very palatable coarse cereal with the best nutritional profile like, rich in tryptophan and cysteine. Pearl millet grain contains 8.5 to 15 per cent protein, 5.03 to 6.0 per cent fat, 1.05 to 1.7 per cent crude fibre and 65.5 to 70 per cent carbohydrates. India is the largest producer of pearl millet with an area of 7.38 million ha and production 9.13 million tons, with an average productivity of 1237 kg ha -1 (Anonymous, 2019). The major pearl millet growing states in India are Rajasthan, UP, Haryana, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. In Rajasthan, the crop is cultivated in about 4.24 million hectares area producing 3.75 million tons of grain with productivity of 886 kg ha -1 during 2017-18 (Anonymous, 2019). It is a most important crop of Rajasthan, conventionally grown in the district of Jodhpur, Bikaner, Barmer, Churu, Sikar, Jhunjunu, Jaipur, Jalore and Alwar. The average productivity of pearl millet is far low (455 kg ha -1 ) in Zone 1C (hyper arid and partially irrigated western plains) comprising Bikaner, Jaisalmer and four tehsil of Churu district.ThesisItem Open Access Market Analysis of Fungicides for Major Horticulture Crops in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan(Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner – 334006, 2022) Anurag Katiyar; Aditi MathurThe phrase agrochemical, often known as agrichemical, refers to any chemical product or pesticide used in agriculture. Herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides are among them, as are synthetic fertilisers, hormones, and soil conditioners. Agrochemicals play a major part in current industrialised and intensive farming practises, allowing crops to flourish on previously uncultivated area and enhancing soil productivity. Since the invention of synthetic fertilisers, agrochemicals have gone a long way, and the need to better understand and improve both the agrochemical manufacturing process and the formulation make-up of agrochemicals is becoming increasingly obvious. Sumerian farmers used Sulphur (S) compounds to reduce bug populations and the risk of pest-related starvation around 2500 B.C., which is the oldest documented usage of agrochemicals. P ]esticide methods have considerably improved as synthetic chemical manufacturing has progressed to meet the hugely rising worldwide population and the resulting increases in food consumption. Even with the proper use of pesticides, it is estimated that up to 40% of the world's crops are ruined by plant pests and diseases.
