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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic diversity and bacterial blight resistance in pomegranate [Punica granatum L.] genotypes using molecular markers(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2010-10-20) Jature, Shubhangi Bhagwat; Hinge, V.R.An experiment entitled “Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Pomegranate (PunicaGranatumL.) Genotypes Using Molecular Markers”was carried out atVilasraoDeshmukh College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Latur (M.S.) during the year 2019-20. In this research, we used ISSR markers to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among the 21 pomegranate genotypes with reference to bacterial blight disease resistance. Among 22 ISSR primers screened 18 primers showed 107 polymorphic alleles,with a mean of 5.94 alleles per primer. ThePolymorphic Information Content(PIC)values varied from 0.090 to 0.448 with an average of 0.235 per primer.The genetic distance between the 21 genotypes of pomegranate was ranged from 0.08 to 0.50with an average of 0.232.The UPGMA cluster analysis reveals that single genotype (Muscat) was formed a unique major cluster I, while two wild and rest of the cultivated varieties grouped in cluster II. The wild genotypes (Nana and IC-318720) were grouped into cluster III. It reveals from the present investigation that bacterial blight resistance wild genotypes forms separate cluster (III) and observed highly dissimilar to the rest of genotypes. On the basis of bacterial blight resistance, wild genotypes of pomegranate viz.Nana, IC- 318720, IC- 318810 and IC-318734 proved to be promising and can be utilized as Donors to introgress bacterial blight resistance in pomegranatebreeding programme.The unique ISSR marker (UBC-810) amplified specific allele of size (500bp) only in wild (resistant) pomegranate genotypes was first time reported and helpful to distinguish wild and cultivated pomegranate genotypes.Accordingly, the molecular information revealed in present investigation, bacterial blight disease resistance evaluation in selected pomegranate genotypes will be highly useful into future facilitation to pomegranate breeders to develop bacterial blight resistant/tolerant genotypes through marker-assisted selection.ThesisItem Open Access Spectral behaviour of different soils and soybean crop under various levels of organic matter(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-11-28) Asritha V.P.; Patil, V.D.This investigation was carried out during the kharif season of 2018 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, VNMKV, Parbhani in three phases viz. Phase I: Spectral behaviour of different coloured soils and organic matter levels, Phase II: Spectral behaviour of soybean crop under varied coloured soils and levels of organic matter and Phase III: Spectral behaviour of various soils collected from different states of India. In the first phase, different combinations of soils and vermicompost were made in order to record the spectral reflectance (%) for corresponding wavelengths (nm) of five selected Red and NIR bands each. S1, S2 and S3 were the soils used and they were black soil, red soil and yellow soil, respectively which were made in combination of 1.5 kg each of soil with 100 g Vermicompost, 250 g Vermicompost, 500 g Vermicompost, 1 kg Vermicompost, 1.5 kg Vermicompost and with No Vermicompost for spectral readings. The results from first phase showed that with the increase in organic matter content of soil, spectral reflectance of yellow soil was found high as compared to red soil and lowest in black soil. It was confirmed that the wavelength band 658 to 660 nm is the best wavelength range from five selected bands of Red region from 650 to 660 nm. It was also noted that 858 to 860 nm is the best wavelength range from five selected bands of NIR region from 850 to 860 nm. In the second phase, a pot culture experiment was conducted. The soil used for the set of first six treatments was black in colour and clay in texture, for the next set of six treatments, red colour soil with sandy clay loam texture was used and for the last set of six treatments of pot culture experiment, yellow soil with sandy loam texture was used. In all 18 treatments, combinations of three soil types(S1: Black soil, S2: Red soil and S3: Yellow soil), three organic matter levels(OM0: No vermicompost, OM1: 5 t ha-1 vermicompost and OM2: 10 t ha-1 vermicompost) and two fertilizer levels(F0: No fertilizer and F1: Recommended dose of fertilizer @ 30:60:30:20 NPKS kg ha-1) replicated thrice in factorial RBD. The findings from second phase showed that the various growth attributes of soybean viz. initial germination count, height of the plant, number of leaves, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, final plant population, grain yield and dry matter yield were improved due to the application of organic matter levels. The treatments in which organic matter and RDF applied together showed better performance as compared to others. The physico- chemical properties of soil after harvesting showed non significance in the treatments of same colour of soils but showed significance in between treatments of different coloured soils. The nutrient contents improved for those soils in which high amount of organic matter was applied together with RDF. In the three growth stages of soybean viz. early vegetative, flowering and the onset of senescence, the spectral reflectance showed similar pattern. But the Red reflectance found to be high at early stages and NIR reflectance found to be high at harvest stage. The spectral ratios and it’s behaviour under varying soil types with and without organic matter and fertilizer applications clearly indicated that, amongst all NDVI is the best index for diagnosis of vegetation cover and vigour of crop. The integral application of organic matter and fertilizer enhanced crop growth parameters and chlorophyll content which can be tapped by NDVI. The increase in RVI, NDVI and SAVI was noticed due to increase in organic matter and fertilizer application. In third phase, 27 soil samples were collected from different regions viz. south- west region, south- east region, central region, north region and north- east region of India and were studied under lab condition to find out their spectral behaviour as influenced by physico- chemical properties of soil. The results interpreted clearly indicated the suitable wavelength for detection of soil type. The wavelength band between 658 to 660 nm found more suitable irrespective of soil type.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of soil fertility, leaf nutrient status and quality of custard apple in beed district(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2018-03-23) Shirsath, Milind Bhimasingh; Indulkar, B.S.The present investigation entitled “Assessment of soil fertility, leaf nutrient status and quality of custard apple in Beed district” for this purpose collected representative soil and leaf samples from selected 30 orchards from different tahsil of Beed district were analyzed for different parameters using standard procedure. The custard apple orchard soils were neutral to alkaline in reaction and electrical conductivity of custard apple orchard soil was in safe limit for the crop growth. These soils were highly calcareous in nature and low to medium in organic carbon. The soils were categorized as low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium, respectively in custard apple orchard soils of Beed district. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium were in sufficient quantity. These soils were moderate in iron and manganese, low in zinc and high in copper content. The leaf nitrogen content was found deficient and phosphorus content was reported moderate while, potassium was intermediate to sufficient in range of custard apple leaves. The micronutrients viz., iron, manganese, zinc and copper content were found to be moderate in leaves of custard apple. The chemical parameters of fruit showed little variations. The yield of fruits obtained from selected custard apple orchards ranged from 3.25 to 13.30 t/ha-1. Soil pH had positive and significant correlation with leaf Fe and Mn but non significant relationship with leaf P, K, Zn and Cu. EC showed positive and significant correlation with leaf Mn. Organic carbon content in the soil stated positive non significant correlation with leaf N, P, K, Fe and Mn. The calcium carbonate obtained positive non significant correlation with leaf N, P, Fe and Mn. The macronutrients and micronutrients of soil were positively and significantly correlated with leaf macro and micronutrients. Thus it can be concluded that as per nutrient index availability of N and Zn was found to be low, P, Fe and Mn was medium while high in respect with K and Cu of Inceptisols of Beed district.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability studies in newly developed hybrids of chilli (capsicum annuum L.)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-08-23) Chavan, Dnyaneshwar Laxman; Waskar, D.P.A study was undertaken to estimate heterosis and combining ability in sixteen diverse genotypes of chilli viz., BSPRL-066, BSPRL-171, BSPRL-188, BSPRL-189, BSPRL-224, BSPRL-226, Parbhani Tejas, PBNC-1, Kokan Kirti, Phule Jyoti, G-4, Bydagi, Bydagi-341, Teja, Pusa Jwala and Pusa Sadabahar and their hybrids by following line x tester cross analysis. Sixty hybrids along with sixteen genotypes and three standard checks (BSS-273, BSS-355 and BSS-378) were evaluated during 2017-2018 at Beej Sheetal Research Farm and All India Coordinated Research Project on Vegetable Crops in VNMKV, Parbhani. Observations were recorded for nineteen quantitative characters Viz., plant height, number of primary branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit repining, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight (g), fruit length(cm), fruit diameter (mm), pedicel length (cm), fruit weight per plant (g), dry fruit weight per plant (g), fruit yield per plot, dry fruit weight, number of seed per fruit, number picking per plant, dry fruit yield per plot, green fruit yield per hectare, dry fruit yield per hectare. The heterosis estimates revealed that significant positive heterosis over M.P, B.P and S.C observed for plant height, fruit diameter, number of seed per fruit, and green fruit yield per plot characters. -41.63 per cent to 42.37 percent heterosis over M.P, -47.46 per cent to 41.23 percent heterosis over B.P and -47.80 per cent to 3.43 per cent heterosis over S.C was observed for green fruit yield per plot. Hybrids BSPRL-171 x Phule Jyoti, BSPRL-171 x PBNC-1, BSPRL-171 x Parbhani Tejas and BSPRL-188 x Phule Jyoti showed maximum heterosis over B.P and S.C for green fruit yield per plot and other contributing characters. For the combining ability analysis, the variance due to g.c.a and s.c.a were significant for all the characters except fruit diameter characters of s.c.a variance are non significant variance. Among the parents BSPRL-171, BSPRL-066, BSPRL-188, Phule Jyoti, Pusa Sadabahar, PBNC-1, and Parbhani Tejas were found good general combiner and for fruit yield and yield contributing characters. Hybrids BSPRL-066 x Phule Jyoti, BSPRL-171 x Phule Jyoti, BSPRL-171 x Bydagi, BSPRL-171 x G-4, BSPRL-226 x Kokan Kirti, BSPRL-188 x Bydagi and BSPRL-189 x Bydagi were found to be having good s. c. a effects for fruit yield and yield contributing characters and useful in further breeding programme. The fruit yield per plot had significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with plant height, number of primary branches per plant, days to first flower, days to 50% flower, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, number of picking per plant and dry fruit yield per plot. The fruit yield per plot exhibited desirable negative genotypic and phenotypic correlation with fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on morphometric characteristics, productive and reproductive performance of dangi cattle in the breeding tract of maharashtra(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-08-22) Shinde, Dhananjay Balbhim; Thombre, B.M.The present study entitled “Studies on Morphometric Characteristics, Productive and Reproductive Performance of Dangi Cattle in the Breeding Tract of Maharashtra” was undertaken for present investigation. The data on morphometric characteristics, productive and reproductive performance and off type characteristics of 1250 Dangi animal were considered for study. The data was collected from the breeding tract of Dangi cattle of Maharashtra. The collected data was classified according to blocks i.e. Akole (B1), Igatpuri (B2), Sinner (B3), Shahapur (B4) and Murbad (B5). The collected data, generated on farmers’ field condition were analyzed with Least Square Technique as outlined by Harvey (1990). The overall LSM of Dangi calves at 0-3 for body weight (BW), chest girth (CG), body length (BL), height at wither (HW), belly girth (BG), height at hip bone (HHB), Length of body at trunk (LBT), face measurement (FM), tail length (TL), ear length (EL), fore legs length (FLL) and height at hock (HHK) were 42.09 + 1.67 kg, 81.12 + 1.06, 64.63 + 0.66, 77.19 + 0.59, 84.70+ 1.30, 78.78 + 0.59, 50.39 + 0.64, 26.23 + 0.29, 43.39 + 0.55, 17.46 + 0.15, 55.53 + 0.49 and 37.91 + 0.30 cm, respectively. The least squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of sex and block for all these characteristics like BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, FLL and HHK of Dangi calves at 0 - 3 months. The overall LSM of Dangi calves at 0-3 for body weight (BW), chest girth (CG), body length (BL), height at wither (HW), belly girth (BG), height at hip bone (HHB), Length of body at trunk (LBT), face measurement (FM), tail length (TL), ear length (EL), fore legs length (FLL) and height at hock (HHK) were 76.12+2.30 kg, 99.36 + 0.81, 78.31 + 0.79, 88.18 + 0.61, 106.84 + 1.08, 90.23 + 0.61, 62.48 + 0.45, 30.77 + 0.28, 54.42 + 0.76, 19.94 + 0.11, 62.31 + 0.65 and 43.17 + 0.21 cm, respectively at 4-6 months. The least squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of sex and block for all these characteristics like BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, FLL and HHK of Dangi calves at 4 - 6 months of age. The overall LSM for BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, EL,HL,FLL and HHK were 132.70 + 2.28 kg, 120.65 + 0.68, 93.84 + 0.75, 102.54 + 0.47, 138.41 + 1.06, 104.80 + 0.47, 71.13 + 0.53, 38.04 + 0.18, 69.83 + 0.57, 22.99 + 0.22, 1.63 + 0.11 , 71.56 + 0.43 and 45.12 + 0.25 cm, respectively at 7 - 12 months of Dangi cattle. The least squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of sex and block on BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, FLL and HHK of Dangi calves at 7 - 12 months of age. The overall LSM for BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, EL, HL, FLL and HHK were 231.52 + 3.33 kg, 134.58 + 0.87, 105.23 + 0.81, 113.72 + 0.57, 160.96 + 1.24, 116.13 + 0.58, 80.06 + 0.62, 42.74 + 0.26, 79.12 + 0.84, 23.09 + 0.14, 10.37 + 0.15, 77.45 + 0.36 and 48.38 + 0.24 cm, respectively, at 13-25 months. The sex revealed highly significant effect for CG, FM, EL, HL and HHK, significant for LBT and FLL, non significant for BW, BL, HW, BG, HHB and TL, whereas the block revealed highly significant effect on all these body characteristics of Dangi cattles at 13 - 24 months of age. The overall LSM for BW,CG,BL,HW, BG, HHB,LBT, FM, TL, EL,HL,FLL and HHK were 264.69+2.37 kg, 146.89+0.67, 111.25+0.54, 114.28 + 0.68,172.06 + 0.86, 117.42 + 0.42, 84.38 + 0.39, 47.05 + 0.18, 85.16 + 0.59, 23.73 + 0.19, 13.42 + 0.16, 80.09 + 0.33 and 48.60 + 0.20 cm, respectively at 25-36 months of Dangi cattle. The least squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of sex on BW, HW, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, FLL, and HHK, significant for EL, CG, BL and non significant for BG and HL, whereas effect of block was highly significant for all these body characteristics of 25 - 36 months of age. The overall LSM at more than 36 months of Dangi male cattle for BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, EL,HL,FLL and HHK were 252.76 + 1.83 kg, 350.80 + 3.41, 166.20 + 0.82, 126.04 + 0.69, 125.29 + 0.53, 196.89 + 1.25,127.91 + 0.55, 95.13 + 0.76, 50.46 + 0.22, 94.20 + 0.59, 25.54 + 0.22, 15.54 + 0.35, 85.18 + 0.41 and 50.57+ 0.67 cm, respectively. The least squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of block for BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, FLL and HHK of the Dangi males at more than 36 months of age. The overall LSM in Dangi females at more than 36 months of age for BW, CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM, TL, EL,HL,FLL and HHK were 309.06 + 2.19 kg, 152.39 + 0.72, 125.15 + 1.07, 122.45 + 0.37, 194.01 + 1.07, 124.87 + 0.65,93.24 + 0.70, 48.59+ 0.22, 91.64 + 0.62, 25.77 + 0.45, 14.93 + 0.51, 83.89 + 0.42 and 49.95 + 0.48 cm, respectively. The least squares analysis of variance of the Dangi females revealed highly significant block effect for BW,CG, BL,HW, BG, HHB, LBT, FM,TL,FLL and HHK at age of more than 36 months. The overall LSMfor BW,CG, BL, HW, BG, HHB, LBT,FM, TL, EL, HL,FLL,HHK were 416.71+ 8.82 kg, 179.77+1.61, 135.46+1.38, 131.51+0.90,202.74 + 1.71, 134.09 + 0.88, 100.61 + 0.91, 52.31 + 0.28, 97.44 + 0.84, 26.94 + 0.25, 13.24 + 0.28, 88.67 + 0.60 and 50.98 + 0.39 cm, respectively in Dangi breeding bull. The least squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of block on all characteristics of Dangi breeding bull. The overall least square means for productive characteristics like LMY, PMY, DRPMY, LL and DP of Dangi cows were recorded as 511.07 + 11.60 kg, 2.65+ 0.03 kg, 37.78 + 0.26 days, 301.70 + 3.74 days and 204.30 + 3.86 days, respectively. The overall least square means for reproductive characteristics like AP, AFC, SP, GP and ICP of Dangi cows were recorded as 1330.17 + 1.64, 1700.53 + 2.93, 225.42 + 1.72, 279.90 + 0.23 and 505.70 + 1.76 days, respectively. The least squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant effect of block on LMY, PMY, LL, DP AP, AFC, SP, GP and ICP of Dangi cows. The total percentage of colour variation in the breeding tract of Dangi cattle was Black and white (Large spot) (32.08), Black and white (Small spot) (32.24), Black (16.24), White (9.68), Red and white (5.6) followed by White and red (Small spot) (4.16). The percentage of off type characteristics observed in Dangi population were 1.76, 0.40, 1.12, 0.00, 0.24, 0.32, 4.80, 0.64, 4.08, 0.00, 7.92, 0.96 and 0.72 for CH, PM,SS, SD, RAF, LDM, ERWTS, IHS, RWEL, WSH, RWHS, RWE), BRE, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on crop weather relationship in summer sorghum (sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2019-12-31) Gorde, Shubham Suresh; Kausalye, S.P.An experiment was conducted on experimental farm of Sorghum Research Station,VasantraoNaikMarathwadaKrishiVidyapeeth, Parbhani, during summer2018-19entitled “Studies on Crop Weather Relationship in Summer Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”to find out theoptimum sowing window for sorghum in summerseason to study the agro-meteorological indices of sorghum during summer season and to study the crop weather relationship in summer sorghum. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications.Treatments under study were four sowing dates in summerseasoni.e. D1 (1stMW), D2 (3rdMW) and D3(5th MW) as main plot treatmentsand four different genotypes PVK-801, SPH-1641, ParbhaniMoti and ParbhaniJyoti as sub plot treatmentswere sown with spacing 45x15 cm2.The grossplot size was 4.5 x 5m2and net plot size was 3.6 x 4.4 m2. The sowing of seed was done by dibbling method on respective date of sowing.The meteorological parameters (abiotic factor) play an important role in deciding the success or failure of the crop, because these factors strongly influence the physiological expression of genetic potential of the crops,hence, this study was undertaken. The results were obtained from the experiment and it was found that all the biometric observations(plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter) in summer sorghum were significantly the highest in sowing during D1 (01 MW) followed by second sowing date D2 (03 MW). Amongst the genotypes, the biometric observations (number of leaves, leaf area) were recorded significantly the highest in G1 (PVK-801).Sowing in D1(01 MW) significantly superior over the rest of the treatments with production of highest grain yield of 1631 kg ha-1followed by sowing in second sowing date D2 (03 MW)1092 kg ha-1and the lowest grain yield was observed in third sowing D3 (05MW).Hence, sowing of summersorghum should be completed on 01 MW or before 03MW; otherwise there is chance of reduction in grain yield with delayed sowing. Among the three dates of sowing, different meteorological indices GDD, HTU and PTU varied across different phenophases. Early sowing had favorable agro-climatic conditions particularly temperature, day length and sunshine hours in terms of required accumulation of GDD, HTU and PTU from sowing to harvest as compared to other dates of sowing. Total requirement of GDD, HTU and PTU showed increasing trend with extension of sowing time from D1 (01 MW) to D3 (05 MW). Correlation between weather parameter and growth stages of sorghum with grain yield showed that the weather parameters like, temperature, relative humidity and BSS having significant effect on critical growth stages.Diurnal temperature rangealso showed significant influence on grain yield and as the range increase with declined yields.ThesisItem Open Access To study market potential and brand awarness for kalash seed at kalash seeds pvt ltd. Jalna(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2018-05-03) Jogdand, Abhidinesh Sarang; Patil, H.B.ThesisItem Open Access An organizational study at lndapur dairy and milk products limited(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2018-06-18) Markad, Vivek Vishnu; Patil, H.B.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of chilli (capsicum annuum l.) Cv. Pbnc-1.(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2017-05-30) Gadekar, Sonali Ravsaheb; Jagtap, V.S.The present investigation entitled "Studies on effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annum L.)" Cv. PBNC-1 was conducted during 2016- 2017, at Instructional-cum-Research Farm, ·nepatiment of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Latur, VNMKV, Parbhani with object to study the effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of chilli var.PBNC-1. The experiment consists of eight treatments consisting viz. NAA@ 25 and 50" ppm, GA3@ 10 and 20 ppm, 2,4-D@ 5 and 10 ppm, Ethephon@ 50 and 100 ppm, Paclobutrazol@ 10 and 20 ppm, CIPA@ 20 and 40 ppm, Alar@ 50 and 100 ppm and control ( water spray). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The observations on srowth attribute~ viz. height of.plant, number of branches per plant, spread of plant and stem girth, : Effect on flowering viz. days required to first flowering, days required to 50% flowering and days to first harvesting.: effect on fruits viz. length of fruit, diameter df fruit, pericarp thickness, fruit stalk length, weight of seed per fruit and seed recovery percentage.: effect on quality viz. fruit colour, fruit shape, fruit texture and seed colour.: effect on yield attributes viz. number of fruits per plant, weight of fruit per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare.: effect on insect pest incidence were recorded. Significantly maximum height of plant (83 .13cm), number of branches . 2 per plant (19.07), spread of plant (793.67cm ) and stem girth (4.38cm) were recorded by the foliar application ofNAA@ 25 and 50 ppm, respectively. The minimum days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering and days 0 to first harvesting recorded by foliar application of Ethephon@ 50 and 100 ppm. The maximum length of fruit, diameter of fruit, pericarp thickness, fruit stalk length, weight of seed per fruit and seed recovery percentage were obtained by application ofNAA@ 25 and 50 ppm. The minimum incidence of insect and pest recorded by application of2, 4-D@ 5 and 10 ppm. Present investigation indicated that, the highest yield ( q/ha) and B: C ratio with good quality of chilli fruit should be obtained by foliar application of NAA@ 25 and 10 ppm.
